Drug therapy: Adjunctive drug therapy of acute myocardial infarction - Evidence from clinical trials

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 335, Issue 22, 1996, Pages 1660-1667

  Hennekens, Charles H ^a,b,c   Albert, Christine M ^a,b   Godfried, Susan L ^a   Gaziano, J Michael ^a,d   Buring, Julie E ^a,b,c  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^d Brockton W Roxhury Vet Aff M ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMIODARONE; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ATENOLOL; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CAPTOPRIL; DILTIAZEM; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; ENALAPRILAT; ENCAINIDE; FLECAINIDE; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE; LISINOPRIL; MAGNESIUM; METOPROLOL; MORACIZINE; NIFEDIPINE; NITRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; PROPRANOLOL; RAMIPRIL; SOTALOL; TIMOLOL; TRANDOLAPRIL; VERAPAMIL; NITRATE;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG RESEARCH; DRUG SCREENING; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; HEART INFARCTION; META ANALYSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; HUMANS; MAGNESIUM; META-ANALYSIS; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; NITRATES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS;

EID: 0030605215     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199611283352207     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Manson JE, Tosteson H, Ridker PM, et al. The primary prevention of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992;326:1406-16.
2. Avezum A Jr, Flather M, Yusuf S. Recent advances and future directions in myocardial infarction. Cardiology 1994;84:391-407.
3. Heart and stroke facts. Dallas: American Heart Association, 1992.
4. Moss AJ, Benhorin J. Prognosis and management after a first myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1990;322:743-53.
5. ISIS-1 (First International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous atenolol among 16 027 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-1. Lancet 1986;2:57-66.
6. The MIAMI Trial Research Group. Metoprolol in Acute Myocardial Infarction (MIAMI): a randomised placebo-controlled international trial. Eur Heart J 1985;6:199-226.
7. Roberts R, Rogers WJ, Mueller HS, et al. Immediate versus deferred beta-blockade following thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) II-B Study. Circulation 1991;83:422-37.
8. The Norwegian Multicenter Study Group. Timolol-induced reduction in mortality and reinfarction in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1981;304:801-7.
9. Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial Research Group. A randomized trial of propranolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction. I. Mortality results. JAMA 1982;247:1707-14.
10. ISIS-4 (Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. ISIS-4: a randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58 050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1995;345:669-85.
11. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico. GISSI-3: effects of lisinopril and transdermal glyceryl trinitrate singly and together on 6-week mortality and ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1994;343:1115-22.
12. Swedberg K, Held P, Kjekshus J, Rasmussen K, Rydén L, Wedel H. Effects of the early administration of enalapril on mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results of the Cooperative New Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study II (CONSENSUS II). N Engl J Med 1992;327:678-84.
13. Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moyé LA, et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992;327:669-77.
14. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators. Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 1993;342:821-8.
15. Køber L, Torp-Pedersen C, Carlsen JE, et al. A clinical trial of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:1670-6.
16. Wilcox RG, Hampton JR, Banks DC, et al. Trial of Early Nifedipine in Acute Myocardial Infarction: the TRENT study. BMJ 1986;293:1204-8.
17. Goldbourt U, Behar S, Reicher-Reiss H, Zion M, Mandelzweig L, Kaplinsky E. Early administration of nifedipine in suspected acute myocardial infarction: the Secondary Prevention Reinfarction Israel Nifedipine Trial 2 Study. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:345-53.
18. The Danish Study Group on Verapamil in Myocardial Infarction. Verapamil in acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1984;5:516-28.
19. The Israeli SPRINT Study Group. Secondary prevention reinfarction Israeli nifedipine trial (SPRINT): a randomized intervention trial of nifedipine in patients: with acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1988;9:354-64.
20. The Danish Study Group on Verapamil in Myocardial Infarction. Effect of verapamil on mortality and major events after acute myocardial infarction (the Danish Verapamil Infarction Trial II -DAVIT II). Am J Cardiol 1990;66:779-85.
21. Rengo F, Carbonin P, Pahor M, et al. A controlled trial of verapamil in patients after acute myocardial infarction: results of the Calcium Antagonist Reinfarction Italian Study (CRIS). Am J Cardiol 1996;77:365-9.
22. The Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial Research Group. The effect of diltiazem on mortality and reinfarction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1988;319:385-92.
23. Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB, et al. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo: the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med 1991;324:781-8.
24. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial II Investigators. Effect of the antiarrhythmic agent moricizine on survival after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992;327:227-33.
25. Burkart F, Pfisterer M, Kiowski W, Follath F, Burckhardt D. Effect of antiarrhythmic therapy on mortality in survivors of myocardial infarction with asymptomatic complex ventricular arrhythmias: Basel Antiarrhythmic Study of Infarct Survival (BASIS). I Am Coll Cardiol 1990;16:1711-8.
26. Ceremuzynski L, Kleczar E, Krzeminska-Pakula M, et al. Effect of amiodarone on mortality after myocardial infarction: a double blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;20:1056-62.
27. Waldo AL, Camm AJ, deRuyter H, et al. Effect of d-sotalol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction. Lancet 1996;348:7-12.
28. Julian DG, Prescott RJ, Jackson FS, Szekely P. Controlled trial of sotalol for one year after myocardial infarction. Lancet 1982;1:1 142-7.
29. Woods KL, Fletcher S, Roffe C, Haider Y. Intravenous magnesium sulphate in suspected acute myocardial infarction: results of the second Leicester Intravenous Magnesium Intervention Trial (LIMIT-2). Lancet 1992; 339:1553-8.
30. Teo KK, Yusuf S, Furberg CD. Effects of prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug therapy in acute myocardial infarction: an overview of results from randomized controlled trials. JAMA 1993;270:1589-95.
31. MacMahon S, Collins R, Peto R, Koster RW, Yusuf S. Effects of prophylactic lidocaine in suspected acute myocardial infarction: an overview of results from the randomized, controlled trials. JAMA 1988;260:1910-6.
32. Analysis of epidemiologic studies: evaluating the role of chance. In: Hennekens CH, Buring JE. Epidemiology in medicine. Boston: Little, Brown, 1987:243-71.
33. Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Hebert PR. Implications of overviews of randomized trials. Stat Med 1987;6:397-409.
34. Ridker PM, Buring JE, Hennekens CH. Meta-analysis in cardiovascular disease: strengths and limitations. In: Braunwald E, ed. Heart disease - update. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1992:54A-64A.
35. Lau J, Antman EM, Jimenez-Silva J, Kupelnic B, Mosteller F, Chalmers TC. Cumulative meta-analysis of therapeutic trials for myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992;327:248-54.
36. Hjalmarson A. Early intervention with a beta-blocking drug after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1984;54:11E-13E.
37. International Collaborative Study Group. Reduction of infarct size by the early use of intravenous timolol in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1984;54:14E-15E.
38. Pedersen TR. Six-year follow-up of the Norwegian Multicenter Study on timolol after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1985;313:1055-8.
39. Rogers WJ, Bowlby LJ, Chandra NC, et al. Treatment of myocardial infarction in the United States (1990 to 1993): observations from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 1994;90:2103-14.
40. Conti CR. Nitrate therapy for ischaemic heart disease. Eur Heart J 1985;6:Suppl A:3-11.
41. Jugdutt BI. Prevention of ventricular remodelling post myocardial infarction: timing and duration of therapy. Can J Cardiol 1993;9;103-14.
42. Jugdutt BI, Warnica JW. Intravenous nitroglycerin therapy to limit myocardial infarct size, expansion, and complications: effect of timing, dosage, and infarct location. Circulation 1988;78:906-19. [Erratum, Circulation 1989;79:1151.]
43. Furberg CD, Psaty BM, Meyer JV. Nifedipine: dose-related increase in mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. Circulation 1995;92: 1326-31.
44. Yusuf S. Verapamil following uncomplicated myocardial infarction: promising, but not proven. Am J Cardiol 1996;77:421-2.
45. Sudden cardiac death. In: Department of Health and Human Services. Arteriosclerosis 1981: report of the Working Group on Arteriosclerosis of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1982:114-22. (NIH publication no. 82-2035.)
46. Farb A, Tang AL, Burke AP, Sessums L, Liang Y, Virmani R. Sudden coronary death: frequency of active coronary lesions, inactive coronary lesions, and myocardial infarction. Circulation 1995;92:1701-9.
47. Liberthson RR, Nagel EL, Hirschman JC, Nussenfeld SR, Blackbourne BD, Davis JH. Pathophysiologic observations in prehospital ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. Circulation 1974;49:790-8.
48. Weinberg B, Zipes D. Strategies to manage the post-MI patient with ventricular arrhythmias. Clin Cardiol 1989;12:Suppl 3:86-90.
49. Lie KI, Wellens HJJ, Downar E, Durrer D. Observations on patients with primary ventricular fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1975;52:755-9.
50. Lie KI, Wellens HJ, van Capelle FJ, Durrer D. Lidocaine in the prevention of primary ventricular fibrillation: a double-blind, randomized study of 212 consecutive patients. N Engl J Med 1974;291:1324-6.
51. Hine LK, Laird N, Hewitt P, Chalmers TC. Meta-analytic evidence against prophylactic use of lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 1989;149:2694-8.
52. DeSilva RA, Hennekens CH, Lown B, Casscells W. Lignocaine prophylaxis in acute myocardial infarction: an evaluation of randomised trials. Lancet 1981;2:855-8.
53. Koster RW, Dunning AJ. Intramuscular lidocaine for prevention of lethal arrhythmias in the prehospitalization phase of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1985;313:1105-10.
54. Dunn HM, McComb JM, Kinney CD, et al. Prophylactic lidocaine in the early phase of suspected myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1985;110: 353-62.
55. The Multicenter Postinfarction Research Group. Risk stratification and survival after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1983;309:331-6.
56. Daly LE, Hickey N, Graham IM, Mulcahy R. Predictors of sudden death up to 18 years after a first attack of unstable angina or myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 1987;58:567-71.
57. Schaffer WA, Cobb LA. Recurrent ventricular fibrillation and modes of death in survivors of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 1975;293:259-62.
58. Mukharji J, Rude RE, Poole WK, et al. Risk factors for sudden death after acute myocardial infarction: two-year follow-up. Am J Cardiol 1984; 54:31-6.
59. Podrid PJ. Amiodarone: reevaluation of an old drug. Ann Intern Med 1995;122:689-700.
60. Waldo AL, Camm AJ, deRuyter H, et al. Survival with oral d-sotalol in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: rationale, design, and methods (the SWORD trial). Am J Cardiol 1995;75:1023-7.
61. Cairns JA, Connolly SJ, Roberts R, Gent M. Canadian Amiodarone Myocardial Infarction Arrhythmia Trial (CAMIAT): rationale and protocol. Am J Cardiol 1993;72:87F-94F.
62. Camm AJ, Julian D, Janse G, et al. The European Myocardial Infarct Amiodarone Trial (EMIAT). Am J Cardiol 1993;72:95F-98F.
63. Turlapaty PDMV, Altura BM. Magnesium deficiency produces spasms of coronary arteries: relationship to etiology of sudden death ischemic heart disease. Science 1980;208:198-200.
64. Adams JH, Mitchell JRA. The effect of agents which modify platelet behaviour and of magnesium ions on thrombus formation in vivo. Thromb Haemost 1979;42:603-10.
65. Watanabe Y, Dreifus LS. Electrophysiological effects of magnesium and its interactions with potassium. Cardiovasc Res 1972;6:79-88.
66. Vormann J, Fischer G, Classen HG, Thoni H. Influence of decreased and increased magnesium supply on the cardiotoxic effects of epinephrine in rats. Arzneimittelforschung 1983;33:205-10.
67. Christensen CW, Rieder MA, Silverstein EL, Gencheff NE. Magnesium sulfate reduces myocardial infarct size when administered before but not after coronary reperfusion in a canine model. Circulation 1995;92:2617-21.
68. Herzog WR, Schlossberg ML, MacMurdy KS, et al. Timing of magnesium therapy affects experimental infarct size. Circulation 1995;92:2622-6.
69. Leor J, Kloner RA. An experimental model examining the role of magnesium in the therapy of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1995;75:1292-3.
70. Teo KK, Yusuf S. Role of magnesium in reducing mortality in acute myocardial infarction: a review of the evidence. Drugs 1993;46:347-59.
71. Antman EM. Magnesium in acute MI: timing is critical. Circulation 1995;92:2367-72.