Determination of cereal herbicide residues in environmental samples by gas chromatography

Journal of Chromatography A

Volumn 754, Issue 1-2, 1996, Pages 347-365

  Tadeo, J L ^a   Sanchez Brunete, C ^a   Garcia Valcarcel A I ^a   Martinez L ^a   Perez R A ^a  

^a INIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

derivatization, GC; environmental analysis; pesticides; reviews; sample preparation

Indexed keywords

ANILINE DERIVATIVE; CARBAMATE PESTICIDE; HERBICIDE; PHENOXYACETIC ACID DERIVATIVE; TRIAZINE DERIVATIVE; UREA DERIVATIVE;

AIR ANALYSIS; DERIVATIZATION; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FLAME PHOTOMETRY; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLANT; POLLUTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESIDUE ANALYSIS; REVIEW; SOIL; TECHNIQUE; WATER ANALYSIS;

CEREALS; CHROMATOGRAPHY, GAS; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; HERBICIDES; PESTICIDE RESIDUES;

EID: 0030598278     PISSN: 00219673     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00279-8     Document Type: Review

References (189)

1. [1] Economic Commission for Europe. Impact of Agriculture in the Environment. In The Environment in Europe and North-America. United Nations, New York, 1992, 287-336.
2. [2] R. Grover, Environmental Chemistry of Herbicides, Vol. 1, CRC Press, Florida, 1988.
3. [3] The Pesticide Manual, in C. Tomlin (Editor), Crop Protection Publications, Tenth Edition, 1994.
4. [4] S.E. Katz, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 49 (1966) 452-456.
5. [5] J.A. Guth and G. Voss, Weed Res., 11 (1971) 111-119.
6. [6] J.H. Onley and G. Yip, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 52 (1969) 526-532.
7. [7] C. Meinard, J. Chromatogr., 61 (1971) 173-175.
8. [8] J.F. Lawrence, in G. Zweig and J. Sherma (Editors), Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators, Vol. XII, Academic Press, New York, 1982, pp. 129-216.
9. [9] R.G. Nash, M.J.M. Wells, A.E. Smith and E.V. Wambeke, in G. Zweig and J. Sherma (Editors), Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators, Vol XV, Academic Press, New York, 1986, pp. 247-286.
10. [10] H. Frehse, in R. Greenhalgh and T.R. Roberts (Editors), Pesticide Science and Biotechnology, Blackwell, London, 1987, pp. 293-300.
11. [11] J. Tekel and J. Kovacicová, J. Chromatogr., 643 (1993) 291-303.
12. [12] M.A. Luke, J.E. Froberg, G.M. Doose and H.T. Masumoto, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 64 (1981) 1187-1195.
13. [13] R.C. Kirkwood, in D.H. Hutson and T.R. Roberts (Editors). Herbicides, Wiley, New York, 1987, pp. 1-55.
14. [14] R. Punkayastha, J. Agric. Food Chem., 22 (1974) 453-458.
15. [15] A.J. Cessna, R. Grover, L.A. Kerr and M.L. Aldred, J. Agric. Food Chem., 33 (1985) 504-507.
16. [16] L. Clark, J. Gomme and S. Hennings, Pestic. Sci., 32 (1991) 15-33.
17. [17] H.B. Lee and A.S.Y. Chau, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 66 (1983) 651-658.
18. [18] H. Agemian and A.S. Chau, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 6 (1977) 1070-1076.
19. [19] M. Knutsson, G. Nilve, L. Mathiasson and J.A. Jonsson, J. Agric. Food Chem., 40 (1992) 2413-2417.
20. [20] E.R. Bogus, T.L. Watschke and R.O. Mumma. J. Agric. Food Chem., 38 (1990) 142-144.
21. [21] T. Heberer, S. Butz and H-J. Stan, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 77 (1994) 1587-1604.
22. [22] J. Hodgeson, J. Collins and W. Bashe. J. Chromatogr. A, 659 (1994) 395-401.
23. [23] S.H. Hoke, E.E. Brueggemann, L.J. Baxter and T. Trybus, J. Chromatogr., 357 (1986) 429-432.
24. [24] A.W. Ahmed, V.N. Mallet and M.J. Bertnard, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 72 (1989) 365-367.
25. [25] S.U. Khan, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 58 (1975) 1027-1030.
26. [26] D.W. Woodham, W.G. Mitchell, C.D. Loftis and C.W. Collier, J. Agric. Food Chem., 19 (1971) 186-188.
27. [27] A.S. Lee, M.K. Hong and A.E. Smith, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 77 (1994) 1077-1083.
28. [28] C. Sanchez-Brunete, A.I. Garcia-Valcarcel and J.L. Tadeo, J. Chromatogr. A, 675 (1994) 213-218.
29. [29] A.E. Smith, Weed Res., 16 (1976) 19-22.
30. [30] A.E. Smith, Pestic. Sci., 11 (1980) 341-346.
31. [31] O. Wink and U. Luley, Pestic. Sci., 22 (1988), 31-40.
32. [32] P.K. Johnstone, I.R. Minchinton and R.J.W. Truscott, Pestic. Sci., 16 (1985) 159-162.
33. [33] H.B. Lee and A.S.Y. Chau. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 66 (1983) 1023-1028.
34. [34] C. Sánchez-Brunete, A.I. Garća-Valcárcel and J.L. Tadeo, Chromatographia, 38 (1994) 624-628.
35. [35] T. Tsukioka and T. Murakami, J. Chromatogr., 469 (1989) 351-359.
36. [36] E.G. Cotterill, Analyst, 107 (1982) 76-81.
37. [37] V. Lopez-Avila, N.S. Dodhiwala and W.F. Beckert, J. Agric. Food Chem., 41 (1993) 2038-2044.
38. [38] A.E. Smith, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 67 (1984) 794-798.
39. [39] A.J. Cessna, Pestic. Sci., 30 (1990) 141-147.
40. [40] A.J. Cessna, J. Agric. Food Chem., 28 (1980) 1229-1230.
41. [41] H. Ruckendorfer and W. Lindners, Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 18 (1984) 87-99.
42. [42] A.J. Cessna, J. Agric. Food Chem., 40 (1992) 1154-1157.
43. [43] A.J. Cessna, J. Agric. Food Chem., 38 (1990) 1844-1847.
44. [44] J.F. Lawrence, L.G. Panopio and H.A. McLeod, J. Agric. Food Chem., 28 (1980) 1019-1022.
45. [45] G.R. Leather and L.E. Forrence, J. Environ. Qual., 11 (1982) 345-347.
46. [46] P.R. Beer, C. Smith and L.P. Van Dyk, Chemosphere, 24 (1992) 719-733.
47. [47] R.G. Lewis and R. MacLeod, Anal. Chem., 54 (1982) 310-315.
48. [48] R. Grover and L.A. Kerr, J. Environ. Sci. Health B, 16 (1981) 59-66.
49. [49] V.G. Breeze, J.C. Simmons and M.O. Roberts, Pestic. Sci., 36 (1992) 101-107.
50. [50] R. Grover and L.A. Kerr, J. Environ. Sci. Health B, 13 (1978) 311-321.
51. [51] R. Grover, Weed Sci., 23 (1975) 529-532.
52. [52] D.S. Farrington, R.G. Hopkins and J.H.A. Ruzicka, Analyst, 102 (1977) 377-381.
53. [53] E.W. Zahnow and J.D. Riggleman, J. Agric. Food Chem., 28 (1980) 974-978.
54. [54] J. Lantos, U.A.Th. Brinkman and R.W. Frei, J. Chromatogr., 292 (1984) 117-127.
55. [55] I. Ahmad, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 70 (1987) 745-748.
56. [56] R. Deleu and A. Copin, J. Chromatogr., 171 (1979) 263-268.
57. [57] E.G. Cotterill, Pestic. Ssi., 34 (1992) 291-296.
58. [58] G. Dinelli, A. Vicari and P. Catizone, J. Agric. Food Chem., 41 (1993) 742-746.
59. [59] C.E. Goewie, P. Kwakman, R.W. Frei, U.A.Th. Brinkman, W. Maasfeld, T. Seshadri and A. Kettrup, J. Chromatogr., 284 (1984) 73-86.
60. [60] A.E. Smith and K.A. Lord, J. Chromatogr., 107 (1975) 407-410.
61. [61] A.E. Smith and G.G. Briggs, Weed Res., 18 (1978) 1-7.
62. [62] P.J. Mudd, R.J. Hance and S.J.L. Wright, Weed Res., 23 (1983) 239-246.
63. [63] S.U. Khan, R. Geenhalgh and W.P. Cochrane, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 13 (1975) 602-610.
64. [64] C.E. McKone, J. Chromatogr., 44 (1969) 60-66.
65. [65] S. Pérez, J.M. García-Baudín and J.L. Tadeo, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 339 (1991) 413-416.
66. [66] S.E. Katz and C.A. Fassbender, Weed Sci., 16 (1968) 401-402.
67. [67] H.H. Cheng and F. Führ, J. Agric. Food Chem., 24 (1976) 421-424.
68. [68] J.R. Wheeler and M.E. McNally, J. Chromatogr., 27 (1989) 534-539.
69. [69] J.L. Tadeo, J.M. García-Baudín, T. Matienzo, S. Pérez and H. Sixto, Chemosphere, 18 (1989) 1673-1679.
70. [70] S. Pérez, M.T. Matienzo and J.L. Tadeo, Chromatographia, 36 (1993) 195-200.
71. [71] R.G. Luchtefeld, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 70 (1987) 740-745.
72. [72] J.F. Lawrence and G.W. Laver, J. Agric. Food Chem., 23 (1975) 325-329.
73. [73] J.F. Lawrence, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 14 (1976) 557-559.
74. [74] M.E.P. McNally and J.R. Wheeler, J. Chromatogr., 435 (1988) 63-71.
75. [75] W.A. Jury, A.M. Winer, W.F. Spencer and D.D. Focht, Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 99 (1987) 119-164.
76. [76] C. Sánchez-Brunete, L. Martínez and J.L. Tadeo, J. Agric. Food Chem., 42 (1994) 2210-2214.
77. [77] V. Lopez-Avila, P. Hirata, S. Kraska, M. Flanagan and J.H. Taylor, Anal. Chem., 57 (1985) 2797-2801.
78. [78] T.H. Byast and E.G. Cotterill, J. Agric. Food Chem., 104 (1975) 211-214.
79. [79] K. Ramsteiner, W.D. Hörmann and D.O. Eberle, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 57 (1974) 192-201.
80. [80] H.B. Lee and Y.D. Stokker, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 69 (1986) 568-572.
81. [81] G. Durand, V. Bouvot and D. Barceló, J. Chromatogr., 607 (1992) 319-327.
82. [82] D.F. Brown, L.M. McDonough, D.K. McCool and R.I. Papendick, J. Agric. Food Chem., 32 (1984) 195-200.
83. [83] D.C. Muir and B.E. Baker, J. Agric. Food Chem., 24 (1976) 122-125.
84. [84] R.G. Nash, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 73 (1990) 438-442.
85. [85] M. Psathaki, E. Manoussaridou and E.G. Stephanou, J. Chromatogr. A, 667 (1994) 241-248.
86. [86] G. Krier, C. Masselon, J.F. Muller, S. Nélieu and J. Einhorn, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 8 (1994) 22-25.
87. [87] T.R. Shepherd, J. Carr, D. Duncan and D.T. Pederson, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 75 (1992) 581-587.
88. [88] T.R. Steinheimer, J. Agric. Food Chem., 41 (1993) 588-595.
89. [89] A. Brambilla, B. Rindone, S. Polesello, S. Galassi and R. Balestrini, Sci. Total Environ., 132 (1993) 339-348.
90. [90] T.M. Vickrey, D.L. Karlesky and G.L. Blackmer, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 63 (1980) 506-510.
91. [91] V. Pacáková and H. Kozjáková, J. Chromatogr., 154 (1978) 251-255.
92. [92] J.S. Thornton and C.W. Stanley, J. Agric. Food Chem., 25 (1977) 380-386.
93. [93] K.J. Beynon, Pestic. Sci., 3 (1972) 389-400.
94. [94] G.R.B. Webster, S.R. Macdonald and L.P. Souna, J. Agric. Food Chem., 23 (1975) 74-76.
95. [95] J. Abian, G. Durand and D. Barceló, J. Agric. Food Chem., 41 (1993) 1264-1273.
96. [96] G. Durand, P. Gille, D. Fraisse and D. Barceló, J. Chromatogr., 603 (1992) 175-184.
97. [97] L.W. Getzin, C.G. Gogger and P.R. Bristow, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 72 (1989) 361-364.
98. [98] V. Janda, G. Steenbeke and P. Sandra, J. Chromatogr., 479 (1989) 200-205.
99. [99] C. Marucchini, L. Scarponi and P. Perucci, Agrochimica, 32 (1988) 536-540.
100. [100] J.F. Lawrence, J. Agric. Food Chem., 25 (1977) 380-386.
101. [101] J.F. Lawrence and G.W. Laver, J. Chromatogr., 100 (1974) 175-179.
102. [102] C.B. Ely, R.E. Frans, T.L. Lavy, R.E. Talbert and J.D. Mattice, Hort. Sci., 28 (1993) 33-35.
103. [103] J.M. Garcia-Baudin, M. Villarroya, M.C. Chueca and J.L. Tadeo, Chemosphere, 21 (1990) 223-230.
104. [104] H. Roseboom and H.A. Herbold, J. Chromatogr., 202 (1980) 431-438.
105. [105] J.C. Pringle, L.W. Anderson and R.W. Raines, J. Agric. Food Chem., 26 (1978).
106. [106] B.J. Wienhold, A.M. Sadeghi and T.J. Gish, J. Environ. Qual., 22 (1993) 162-166. 1143-1147.
107. [107] P. Cabras and M. Melis, J. Chromatogr., 585 (1991) 164-167.
108. [108] G.C. Mattern, J.B. Louis and J.D. Rosen, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 74 (1991) 982-986.
109. [109] V. Leoni, C. Cremisini, A. Casuccio and A. Gullotti, Pestic. Sci., 31 (1991) 209-220.
110. [110] J.M. Kennedy and R.E. Talbert, Weed Sci., 25 (1977) 373-381.
111. [111] A.I. García-Valcárcel, C. Sánchez-Brunete, L. Martínez and J.L. Tadeo, J. Chromatogr. A, 719 (1996) 113.
112. [112] S.D. West, J.H. Weston and E.W. Day, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 71 (1988) 1082-1085.
113. [113] R.L. Zimdahl and G.M. Gwynn, Weed Sci., 25 (1977) 247-251.
114. [114] K.E. Savage, Weed Sci., 21 (1973) 285-288.
115. [115] D.E. Glotfelty, A.W. Taylor, B.C. Turner and W.H. Zoller, J. Agric. Food Chem., 32 (1984) 638-643.
116. [116] J.H. Miller, P.E. Keeley, C.H. Carter and R.J. Thullen, Weed Sci., 23 (1975) 211-214.
117. [117] E.W. Day, in G. Zweig and J. Sherma (Editors), Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators, Vol X, Academic Press, New York, 1978, pp. 341-352.
118. [118] J.W. Vandeventer, W.F. Meggitt and D. Penner, Pestic. Sci., 17 (1986) 380-384.
119. [119] J.B. Tepe and R.E. Scroggs, in G. Zweig (Editor), Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators, Vol. V, Academic Press, New York, 1967, pp. 527-535.
120. [120] K. Hawxby, E. Basler and P.W. Santelman, Weed Sci., 20 (1972) 285-289.
121. [121] L. Martínez, C. Sánchez-Brunete and J.L. Tadeo, Quím. Anal., 13 (1994) 206-208.
122. [122] C.W. Swann and R. Behrens, Weed Sci., 20 (1972) 147-149.
123. [123] W.F. Spencer and M.M. Cliath, J. Agric. Food Chem., 22 (1974) 987-991.
124. [124] P.J. Cooper, J.J. Jenkius and A.S. Curtis, J. Environ. Qual., 19 (1990) 508-513.
125. [125] M. Maajewski, R. Desjardins, P. Rochette, E. Pattey, J. Seiber and D. Glotfelty, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27 (1993) 121-128.
126. [126] B. Grass, B.W. Wendawian and H. Rüdel, Chemosphere, 28 (1994) 491-499.
127. [127] U.E. Savage and W.L. Barrentine, Weed Sci., (1969) 349-352.
128. [128] J.V. Parochetti and E.R. Hein, Weed Sci., 5 (1973) 469-473.
129. [129] J.V. Parochetti, G.W. Dec, J.R. and G.W. Burt, Weed Sci., 24 (1976) 529-532.
130. [130] N.T. Basta and A. Olness, J. Environ. Qual., 21 (1992) 497-502.
131. [131] L.M. Davi, M. Baldi, L. Perazzi, P. Liboni and M. Liboni, Pestic. Sci., 35 (1992) 63-67.
132. [132] T. Potter, T. Carpenter, R. Putnam, H. Reddy and J. Marshall, J. Agric. Food Chem., 39 (1991) 2184-2187.
133. [133] EPA 600/4-88/039 US. Government printing office: Washington, DC, 1988, 354 pp.
134. [134] D.J. Munch, R.L. Graves, R.A. Maxey and J.M. Engel, Environ. Sci. Technol., 24 (1990) 1446-1451.
135. [135] C.J. Miles and M. Zhou, J. Agric. Food Chem., 38 (1990) 986-989.
136. [136] R.G. Nash, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 73 (1990) 438-442.
137. [137] G.A. Junk and J.J. Richard, Anal. Chem., 60 (1988) 451-454.
138. [138] R. Bagnati, E. Benfenati, E. Davoli and R. Fanelli, Chemosphere, 17 (1988) 59-65.
139. [139] M. Brooks, J. Jenkins, M. Jimënez, T. Quinn and J.M. Clark, Analyst, 114 (1989) 405-406.
140. [140] W.C. Koskinen, L.J. Jarvis, D.L. Dowdy and D.D. Buhler, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 55 (1991) 561-562.
141. [141] A.M. Balinova and I. Balinova, Fersenius' J. Anal. Chem., 339 (1991) 409-412.
142. [142] R.A. Conkin, in G. Zweig and J. Sherma (Editors), Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators, Vol X, Academic Press, New York, 1978, pp. 255-265.
143. [143] C. Sánchez-Brunete and J.L. Tadeo, Quím. Anal., (1995) in press.
144. [144] A. Balinova, J. Chromatogr., 455 (1988) 391-395.
145. [145] N. Burkhard and J.A. Guth, Pestic. Sci., 12 (1981) 37-44.
146. [146] M.M. Cliath, W.F. Spencer, W.J. Farmer, T.D. Shoup and R. Grover, J. Agric. Food Chem., 28 (1980) 610-613.
147. [147] A. Peña Heras and F. Sanchez Rasero, J. Chromatogr., 358 (1986) 302-306.
148. [148] C. Sanchez-Brunete, T. Salto, J.M. Garcia-Baudin and J.L. Tadeo, J. Chromatogr., 562 (1991) 525-530.
149. [149] J.S. Connand and J.S. Cameron, Can. J. Soil Sci., 68 (1988) 827-830.
150. [150] A.E. Smith and L.J. Milward, J. Agric. Food Chem., 31 (1983) 633-637.
151. [151] H.B. Lee and A.S.Y. Chau, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 66 (1983) 1322-1326.
152. [152] W.J. Patchett and W.J. Smith, in G. Zweig (Editor), Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators, Vol. 6, Academic Press, New York, 1972, pp. 644-651.
153. [153] J.M. García-Baudín, C. Sanchez-Brunete, T. Salto, M.C. Chueca and J.L. Tadeo, Weed Res., 32 (1992) 275-278.
154. [154] G.H. Thiele and R.L. Zimdahl, Weed Sci., 24 (1976) 183-185.
155. [155] A.J. Cessna, N.W. Hoet and B.N. Drew, Can. J. Plant. Sci., 60 (1980) 1283-1288.
156. [156] A.J. Cessna, Can. J. Plant Sci., 61 (1981) 765-768.
157. [157] L.W. Cook, F.W. Zach and J.R. Flecker, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 65 (1982) 215-217.
158. [158] R. Grover, L.A. Kerr and S.U. Khan, J. Agric. Food Chem., 29 (1981) 1082-1084.
159. [159] W.A. Sury, R. Grover, W.F. Spencer and W.J. Farmer, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44 (1980) 446-450.
160. [160] P.A. Mills, J.H. Onley and R.A. Gaither, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 46 (1963) 186-190.
161. [161] A.J. Ambrus, E. Lantos, I. Visi, Csatlos and L. Sarvari, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 64 (1981) 733-768.
162. [162] T. Suzuki, K. Yaguchi, K. Ohnishi and T. Yamagishi, J. Chromatogr. A, 662 (1994) 139-146.
163. [163] Di Concia and M. Marchetti, Environ. Sci. Technol., 26 (1992) 66-74.
164. [164] T.A. Albanis and D.G. Hela, J. Chromatogr. A, 707 (1995) 283-292.
165. [165] C. Crespo, R.M. Marcé and F. Borrull, J. Chromatogr. A, 670 (1994) 135-144.
166. [166] A. Zapt, R. Heyer and H.J. Stan, J. Chromatogr. A, 694 (1995) 453-461.
167. [167] A.A. Boyd-Boland and J.B. Pawliszyn, J. Chromatogr. A, 704 (1995) 163-172.
168. [168] M. Osadchuk, E. Salahub and P. Robinson, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 60 (1977) 1324-1327.
169. [169] C.H. Van Peteghem and A.M. Heyndrickx, J. Agric. Food Chem., 24 (1976) 635-637.
170. [170] R.V. Crouch and E.M. Pullin, Pestic. Sci., 5 (1974) 281-285.
171. [171] A. Adolfsson-Erici and L. Renberg, Chemosphere, 23 (1991) 845-854.
172. [172] J.D. Gaynor and D.C. Mactavish, Analyst, 107 (1982) 700-703.
173. [173] A.S.Y. Chau and K. Terry, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 59 (1976) 633-636.
174. [174] J. Tekel, K. Schultzová and J. Kovacicová, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr., 16 (1993) 126-128.
175. [175] J.F. Lawrence, C. Van Buuren, U.A.Th. Brinkman and R.W. Frei, J. Agric. Food Chem., 28 (1980) 630-632.
176. [176] J.F. Lawrence, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 59 (1976) 1061-1065.
177. [177] A. de Kok, I.M. Roorda, R.W. Frei and U.A.Th. Brinkman, Chromatographia, 14 (1981) 579-586.
178. [178] U.A.Th. Brinkman, A. de Kok and R.B. Geerdink, J. Chromatogr., 283 (1984) 113-126.
179. [179] A. de Kok, M. Van Opstal, T. de Jong, B. Hoogcarspel, R.B. Geerdink, R. Frei and U.A.Th. Brinkman, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 18 (1984) 121-123.
180. [180] B.L. Worobey, J. Chromatogr., 262 (1983) 328-330.
181. [181] P. de Voogt, N. Haak, R.B. Geerdink and U.A.Th. Brinkman, Chemosphere, 13 (1984) 1193-1200.
182. [182] A.R. Long, B. Charkhian, L.C. Hsieh, C.R. Short and S.A. Barker. J. Chromatogr., 505 (1990) 395-401.
183. [183] P. Klaffenbach, P.T. Holland and D.R. Lauren, J. Agric. Food Chem., 41 (1993) 388-395.
184. [184] D.J. Caverly and R.C. Denney, Analyst, 103 (1978) 368-374.
185. [185] W.H. Gutenmann and D.J. Lisk, J. Agric. Food Chem., 12 (1964) 46-48.
186. [186] I.C. Cohen and B.B. Wheals, J. Chromatogr., 43 (1969) 233-240.
187. [187] W.E. Johnson, N.J. Fendinger and J.R. Plimmer, Anal. Chem., 63 (1991) 1510-1513.
188. [188] H. Maier-Bode and M. Riedmann, in F. Gunther and J.D. Gunther (Editors), Residue Rev., 54 (1975) 113-181.
189. [189] P. Wylie and R. Oguchi, J. Chromatogr., 517 (1990) 131-142.