Radioactivity in two tide-washed marsh areas in the eastern Irish Sea: A radiological assessment

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 191, Issue 1-2, 1996, Pages 1-13

  Rose, C L ^a   McKay, W A ^a   Leonard, D R P ^b   Barr, H M ^a   Toole, J ^a   Halliwell, C M ^a  

^a RICARDO UK LTD   (United Kingdom)

^b CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Artificial radionuclides; Dee Estuary; Marsh environment; Sellafield; Solway Firth; Tidal inundation

Indexed keywords

RADIOISOTOPE;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; IRELAND; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION; SEA; WATER POLLUTION;

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT; HEALTH RISK; MARSH; RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION; RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION; RADIOACTIVITY; RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT; RADIONUCLIDE; SALT MARSHES; TIDAL INUNDATION; TIDAL MARSH;

UK, ENGLAND, CUMBRIA, SELLAFIELD; UK, ENGLAND, CUMBRIA, SOLWAY FIRTH; UK, ENGLAND, DEE ESTUARY;

EID: 0030592595     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(96)05163-7     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. [1] W.A. Camplin, Radioactivity in Surface and Coastal Waters of the British Isles, 1993, Directorate of Fisheries Research; Aquatic Environment Monitoring Rep. No. 42, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), Lowestoft, 1994.
2. [2] M.S. Baxter, G.T. Cook and P. McDonald, An Assessment of Artificial Radionuclide Transfer from Sellafield to South West Scotland, Department of the Environment Rep. DOE/RW/89/127, 1988.
3. [3] W.A. McKay, P.J.P. Bonnett, H.M. Barr and J.M. Howorth, Radiological assessment of radioactivity in tide washed pastures in south-west Scotland, J. Environ. Radioactivity, 21 (1993) 77-160.
4. [4] A.D. Horrill, T. Dent, N.A. Beresford and D. Singleton, Monitoring Radionuclides in Tidally Inundated Pastures, MAFF Rep. No. 2142, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Cumbria, 1992.
5. [5] D.C.W. Sanderson, J.D. Allyson, A.N. Tyler, S. Ni Riain and S. Murphy, An Airborne Gamma Ray Survey of Parts of SW Scotland in February 1993, Scottish Universities Research and Reactor Centre, East Kilbride, 1993.
6. 137Cs by cattle grazing contaminated pasture around the Esk and Irt Estuaries, Cumbria, UK, Sci. Total Environ., 22 (1981) 39-50.
7. [7] A.D. Horrill, Radionuclide levels and distribution in grazed saltmarsh in West Cumbria, Environ. Pollut. (B), 8 (1984) 265-280.
8. 90Sr along the soil-pasture-cows' milk pathway in an area of land reclaimed from the sea, J. Environ. Radioactivity, 23 (1994) 151-170.
9. [9] C.L. Rose, W.A. McKay, H.M. Barr, J. Toole and C.M. Halliwell, Radioactivity in Two Tide-Washed Marsh Areas in the Eastern Irish Sea: A Radiological Assessment, Rep. No.'s MAFF RP0401, DOE/HMIP/RR/95/008, DOE/ RAS/95/008, 1995.
10. [10] D.R.P. Leonard and B.D. Smith, Sizewell Nuclear Power Station Investigation of Radiation Exposure Pathways from Liquid Effluents: Local Habits Survey 1981, Sizewell Inq. Ser., MAFF Directorate of Fisheries Research, Lowestoft (1), 1982, 19 pp.
11. [11] ICRP, Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publ. 60, Ann. ICRP 21, 1990.
12. [12] A.W. Phipps, G.M. Kendall, J.W. Stather and T.P. Fell, Committed Equivalent Organ Doses and Committed Effective Doses from Intakes of Radionuclides, NRPB-R245, HMSO, Chilton, London, 1991.
13. [13] M.J. Clark, P.H. Burgess and McClure, Dose quantities and instrumentation for measuring environmental gamma radiation during emergencies, Health Phys., 64 (1993) 491-501.
14. [14] G.J. Hunt, External doses to the public from beta emitters in the aquatic environment near Springfields and Sellafield, J. Radiological Prot., 12 (1992) 233-238.
15. [15] J.R. Simmonds and M.J. Crick, Transfer Parameters for use in Terrestrial Foodchain Models, Rep. M63, National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Oxon, 1982.
16. [16] B.J. Howard, A comparison of radiocaesium transfer coefficients for sheep milk and muscle derived from both field and laboratory studies. Sci. Total Environ., 85 (1989) 189-198.
17. [17] N.A. Beresford, R.W. Mayes, B.J. Howard, H.F. Eayres, C.S. Lamb, C.L. Barnett and M.G. Segal, The bioavailability of different forms of radiocaesium for transfer across the gut of ruminants, Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry, 41 (1992) 87-91.
18. [18] B.J. Howard, R.W. Mayes, N.A. Beresford and C.S. Lamb, The transfer of radiocaesium from different environmental sources to ewes and suckling lambs, Health Phys., 57 (1989) 579-586.
19. [19] S.M. Haywood, Generalised Derived Limits for Radioisotopes of Strontium, Iodine, Caesium, Plutonium, Americium and Curium, NRPB-GS8, National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Oxon, 1987.
20. [20] J.W. Stather, A.C. James and P. Rodwell, Measurements of In Vitro and In Vivo Rates of Dissolution of Actinides Associated with Sediment Samples, NRPB Annu. Res. and Dev. Rep. for 1977, NRPB/R&D 2, National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Oxon, 1978, pp. 141-145.
21. [21] J.A. Garland, Coastal Resuspension, AEA Technology Rep. AEA-EE 0147, Harwell, Oxfordshire, 1991.
22. [22] HMIP, HMIP Monitoring Programme, Radioactive Substances Report for 1993, Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution, London, 1995, 37 pp.
23. [23] W.A. McKay, H.M. Barr, C.M. Halliwell, D. Spencer, I. Adsley and C. Perks, Site Specific Background Dose Rates in Coastal and River Areas, Department of the Environment Rep. DoE/HMIP/RR/94/037, 1995.
24. [24] A.E. Lally and J.D. Eakins, Some Recent Advances in Environmental Analysis at AERE Harwell. Symp. Determination of Radionuclides in Environmental and Biological Materials, Central Electricity Generating Board, London, 1978.
25. [25] L. Salmon, M.M. Davies and G.N.J. Lewis, The Automatic Analysis of Gamma Ray Spectra from the Natural and Working Environments, Pap. IVth Symp. Determination of Radionuclides in Environmental and Biological Materials, Laboratory of the Government Chemist, Teddington, Middlesex, 1983.
26. [26] B.R. Harvey, K.J. Williams, M.B. Lovett and R.D. Ibbett, Determination of technetium-99 in environmental material with rhenium as a yield monitor, J Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., Articles, 158 (1992) 417-436.
27. 99Tc in environmental samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, Sci. Total Environ., 130/131 (1993) 275-284.
28. [28] P.J. Kershaw, D.S. Woodhead, S.J. Malcolm, D.J. Allington and M.B. Lovett, A sediment history of Sellafield discharges, J. Environ. Radioactivity, 12 (1990) 201-241.
29. [29] G.J. Hunt and P.J. Kershaw, Remobilisation of artificial radionuclides from the sediment of the Irish Sea, J. Radiological Prot., 10 (1990) 147-151.
30. 137Cs in saltmarsh sediments in the Dee Estuary, N.W. England, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 28 (1994) 262-265.
31. [31] V.P.W. Lowe, Radionuclides and the birds at Ravenglass, Environ. Pollut., 70 (1991) 1-26.
32. [32] V.P.W. Lowe and A.D. Horrill, Transfer of radionuclides to man from greylag geese Anser anser and widgeon Ana penelope grazing the saltmarshes at Ravenglass, J. Environ. Radioactivity, 4 (1986) 101-121.
33. [33] MAFF, Terrestrial Radioactivity Monitoring Programme (TRAMP) Report for 1993, Radioactivity in Food and Agricultural Products in England and Wales, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, MAFF Publ., London, 1994, pp. 246.
34. [34] S.M. Mudge, D.J. Assinder and G.S. Bourne, A Survey of Radioactivity in the Ribble Estuary. II: Radiological Assessment, HMIP Environment Ser. Rep. No. 3, HMSO, 1994, 93 pp.
35. [35] P.J. Coughtrey and M.C. Thorne (Eds), Radionuclide Distribution and Transport in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems, Vol. I, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1983, 496 pp.
36. [36] P.J. Coughtrey, D. Jackson, C.H. Jones, P. Kane and M.C. Thorne (Eds), Radionuclide Distribution and Transport in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems, Vol. 4, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1984a, 565 pp.
37. [37] P.J. Coughtrey, D. Jackson, C.H. Jones and M.C. Thorne (Eds), Radionuclide Distribution and Transport in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems, Vol. 5, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1984b.
38. [38] B.J. Howard and D.K. Lindley, Aspects of the uptake of radionuclides by sheep grazing on an estuarine saltmarsh. 2. Radionuclides in sheep tissues, J. Environ. Radioactivity, 2 (1985) 199-213.