Optimum dietary protein level and protein to energy ratio for growth of grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus)

Aquaculture

Volumn 145, Issue 1-4, 1996, Pages 259-266

  Shiau, Shi Yen ^a   Lan, Ching Wan ^a  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN OCEAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Epinephelus spp.; Feeding and nutrition fish; Grouper; Protein; Protein energy ratio

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030588230     PISSN: 00448486     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01324-5     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Adron, J.W., Blair, A., Cowey, C.B. and Shanks, A.M., 1976. Effects of dietary energy level and dietary energy source on growth, feed conversion and body composition of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Aquaculture, 7: 125-132.
2. Anderson, J., Jackson, A.J., Matty, A.J. and Copper, B.S., 1984. Effects of dietary carbohydrate and fiber on the tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, 37: 303-314.
3. AOAC, 1984. Official Methods of Analysis, 14th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, 1018 pp.
4. Chen, H.Y. and Tsai., J.C., 1994. Optimal dietary protein level for the growth of juvenile grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus, fed semipurified diets. Aquaculture, 119: 265-271.
5. Furuichi, M. and Yone, Y., 1982. Availability of carbohydrate in nutrition of carp and red sea bream. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish., 48: 945-948.
6. Machiels, M.A.M. and Henken, A.M., 1985. Growth rate, feed utilization and energy metabolism of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), as affected by dietary protein and energy content. Aquaculture, 44: 271-284.
7. Page, J.W. and Andrews, J.W., 1973. Interactions of dietary levels of protein and energy on channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. J. Nutr., 103: 1339-1346.
8. Prather, E.E. and Lovell, R.T., 1973. Response of intensively fed channel catfish to diets containing various protein-energy ratios. Proc. Annu. Conf. S. E. Assoc. Game Fish Comm., 27: 455-459.
9. Reinitz, G.L., Orme, L.E., Lemm, C.A. and Hitzel, F.N., 1978. Influence of varying lipid concentration with two protein concentrations in diets for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 107: 751-754.
10. Robbins, K.R., 1986. A method, SAS program, and example for fitting the broken-line to growth data. University of Tennessee Agricultural Experimental Station Research Report 86-09, pp. 1 -8.
11. Shiau, S.Y. and Chen, M.J., 1993, Carbohydrate utilization by tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) as influenced by different chromium sources. J. Nutr., 123: 1747-1753.
12. Shiau, S.Y. and Huang, S.L., 1989. Optimal dietary, protein level for hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) reared in seawater. Aquaculture, 81: 119-127.
13. Shiau, S.Y. and Huang, S.L., 1990. Influence of varying energy levels with two protein concentrations in diets for hybrid tiliapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) reared in seawater. Aquaculture, 91: 143-152.
14. Shiau, S.Y. and Lin, S.F., 1993. Effect of supplemental dietary chromium and vanadium on the utilization of different carbohydrates in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus. Aquaculture, 110: 321-330.
15. Shiau, S.Y., Chuang, J.L. and Sun, C.L., 1987. Inclusion of soybean meal in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) diets at two protein levels. Aquaculture, 65: 251-261.
16. Shiau, S.Y., Lin, S.F., Yu, S.L., Lin, A.L. and Kwok, C.C., 1990. Defatted and full-fat soybean meal as partial replacements for fishmeal in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) diets at low protein level. Aquaculture, 86: 401-407.
17. Takeda, M., Shimeno, S., Hosokawa, H., Hedetoshi, K. and Kaisyo, T., 1975. The effect of dietary calorie-to-protein ratio on the growth, feed conversion and body composition of young yellowtail. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish., 41: 443-447.
18. Takeuchi, T., Shiina, Y., Watanabe, T., Sekiya, S. and Imaizumi, K., 1992. Suitable protein and lipid levels in diet for fingerlings of yellowtail. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 58: 1333-1339.
19. Teng, S.K., Chua, T.E. and Lim, P.E., 1978. Preliminary observation on the dietary protein requirement of estuary grouper, Epinephelus salmonides Maxwell, cultured in floating netcages. Aquaculture, 15: 257-271.
20. Winfree, R.A. and Stickney, R.R., 1981. Effects of dietary protein and energy on growth, feed conversion efficiency and body composition of Tilapia aurea. J. Nutr., 111: 1001-1012.