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1
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0000335222
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1. For recent reviews of nucleoside chemistry, modified nucleosides in oligonucleotide synthesis, and naturally occuring modified nucleosides, see: (a) Huryn, D. M.; Okabe, M. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 1745-1768.
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Chem. Rev.
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Huryn, D.M.1
Okabe, M.2
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(c) Limbach, P. A.; Crain, P. F.; McClosky, J. A. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994, 22, 2183-2196.
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Limbach, P.A.1
Crain, P.F.2
McClosky, J.A.3
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4
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2. Aurup, H.; Williams, D. M.; Eckstein, F. Biochemistry 1992, 31, 9636-9641.
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Aurup, H.1
Williams, D.M.2
Eckstein, F.3
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(b) Lin, Y.; Qiu, Q.; Gill, S. C.; Jayasena, S. D. Nucleic Acid Res. 1994, 22, 5229-5234.
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Nucleic Acid Res.
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Lin, Y.1
Qiu, Q.2
Gill, S.C.3
Jayasena, S.D.4
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7
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0029892303
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4. (a) McGee, D. P. C.; Sebesta, D. P.; O'Rourke, S. S.; Martinez, R. L.; Jung, M. E.; and Pieken, W. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1995-1998.
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Tetrahedron Lett.
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McGee, D.P.C.1
Sebesta, D.P.2
O'Rourke, S.S.3
Martinez, R.L.4
Jung, M.E.5
Pieken, W.A.6
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8
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0030049806
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(b) see also McGee, D.P.C.; Vaughn-Settle, A.; Vargeese, C.; Zhai, Y. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 781-785.
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J. Org. Chem.
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McGee, D.P.C.1
Vaughn-Settle, A.2
Vargeese, C.3
Zhai, Y.4
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9
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0011981807
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note
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5. The incorporation of these monomers into synthetic oligonucleotides will be described elsewhere.
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10
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0015243953
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6. For examples of intermolecular nucleophilic anhydronucleoside openings, see: (a) Verheyden, J. P. H.; Wagner, D.; Moffatt, J. G. J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 250-254.
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J. Org. Chem.
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Verheyden, J.P.H.1
Wagner, D.2
Moffatt, J.G.3
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11
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0027942175
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(b) Kirschenheuter, G.; Zhai, Y.; Pieken, W. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 8517-8520.
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Tetrahedron Lett.
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Kirschenheuter, G.1
Zhai, Y.2
Pieken, W.A.3
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12
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0026536552
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(c) Xi, Z.; Agback, P.; Plavec, J.; Sandström, A.; Chattopadhyaya, J. Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 349-370.
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(1992)
Tetrahedron
, vol.48
, pp. 349-370
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Xi, Z.1
Agback, P.2
Plavec, J.3
Sandström, A.4
Chattopadhyaya, J.5
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14
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0015923335
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(e) Glinski, R. P.; Khan, M. S.; Kalamas, R. L.; Sporn, M. B. J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 4299-4305.
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Glinski, R.P.1
Khan, M.S.2
Kalamas, R.L.3
Sporn, M.B.4
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16
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0027492904
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7. Switzer, C. Y.; Moroney, S. E.; Benner, S. A. Biochemistry, 1993, 32, 10489-10496.
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Biochemistry
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Switzer, C.Y.1
Moroney, S.E.2
Benner, S.A.3
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17
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0000040986
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8. Nucleophilic attack at the 2-position by oxygen nucleophiles is likewise well documented, see: (a) Codington, J. F.; Fecher, R.; Fox, J. J. J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 163-167.
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J. Org. Chem.
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Codington, J.F.1
Fecher, R.2
Fox, J.J.3
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18
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0342541987
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9. As discussed in reference 4a, we view the anhydronucleoside ring system as an analogue of the allylic alcohol epoxide, substrates which have enjoyed considerable attention as synthetic intermediates. For examples of hydroxyl-tethered nucleophilic opening of such epoxy alcohols, see: (a) Jacobsen, S. Acta Chem Scand. Ser. B, 1988, B42, 605-613
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(1988)
Acta Chem Scand. Ser. B
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Jacobsen, S.1
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20
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0001297631
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See also: (c) Knapp, S.; Kukkola, P. J.; Sharma, S.; Pietranico, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987,28, 5399-5402.
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Tetrahedron Lett.
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Knapp, S.1
Kukkola, P.J.2
Sharma, S.3
Pietranico, S.4
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23
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0001083151
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(f) Johnson, M. R.; Nakata, T.; Kishi, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1979, 20, 4343-4346.
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Tetrahedron Lett.
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Johnson, M.R.1
Nakata, T.2
Kishi, Y.3
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26
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0025186692
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10. Reduction of 2′-oxime derivatives of uridine has been reported, however this approach affords primarily 2′-hydroxylaminouridines of the arabino configuration. See, Tronchet, J. M. J.; Benhamza, R.; Bernardinelli, G.; Geoffroy, M. Tetrahedron Lett., 1990, 31, 531-534.
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(1990)
Tetrahedron Lett.
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Tronchet, J.M.J.1
Benhamza, R.2
Bernardinelli, G.3
Geoffroy, M.4
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27
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0011959619
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11. For a discussion of the α-effect, see: England, W. B.; Kovacic, P.; Hanrahan, S. M.; Jones, M. B. J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 2057-2063.
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J. Org. Chem.
, vol.45
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England, W.B.1
Kovacic, P.2
Hanrahan, S.M.3
Jones, M.B.4
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28
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0029912468
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12. 5-Iodocytidine: Meisenheimer, K. M.; Meisenheimer, P. L.; Willis, M. C.; Koch, T. H. Nucleic Acids Research, 1996, 24, 981-982. 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine: Hicke, B. H.; Willis, M. C.; Koch, T. H.; Cech, T. R. Biochemistry, 1994, 33, 3364-3373. 5-Iodouridine: Willis, M. C.; Hicke, B. H.; Uhlenbeck, O. C.; Cech, T. R.; Koch, T. H. Science, 1993, 262, 1255-1257.
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(1996)
Nucleic Acids Research
, vol.24
, pp. 981-982
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Meisenheimer, K.M.1
Meisenheimer, P.L.2
Willis, M.C.3
Koch, T.H.4
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29
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0028323417
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12. 5-Iodocytidine: Meisenheimer, K. M.; Meisenheimer, P. L.; Willis, M. C.; Koch, T. H. Nucleic Acids Research, 1996, 24, 981-982. 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine: Hicke, B. H.; Willis, M. C.; Koch, T. H.; Cech, T. R. Biochemistry, 1994, 33, 3364-3373. 5-Iodouridine: Willis, M. C.; Hicke, B. H.; Uhlenbeck, O. C.; Cech, T. R.; Koch, T. H. Science, 1993, 262, 1255-1257.
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(1994)
Biochemistry
, vol.33
, pp. 3364-3373
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Hicke, B.H.1
Willis, M.C.2
Koch, T.H.3
Cech, T.R.4
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30
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0027717964
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12. 5-Iodocytidine: Meisenheimer, K. M.; Meisenheimer, P. L.; Willis, M. C.; Koch, T. H. Nucleic Acids Research, 1996, 24, 981-982. 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine: Hicke, B. H.; Willis, M. C.; Koch, T. H.; Cech, T. R. Biochemistry, 1994, 33, 3364-3373. 5-Iodouridine: Willis, M. C.; Hicke, B. H.; Uhlenbeck, O. C.; Cech, T. R.; Koch, T. H. Science, 1993, 262, 1255-1257.
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(1993)
Science
, vol.262
, pp. 1255-1257
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Willis, M.C.1
Hicke, B.H.2
Uhlenbeck, O.C.3
Cech, T.R.4
Koch, T.H.5
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31
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9644285669
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13. (a) Sonogashira, K.; Tohda, Y., Hagihara, N. Tetrahedron Lett. 1975, 16, 4467-4470.
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(1975)
Tetrahedron Lett.
, vol.16
, pp. 4467-4470
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Sonogashira, K.1
Tohda, Y.2
Hagihara, N.3
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34
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0029161984
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(b) Dewey, T. M.; Mundt, A. A.; Crouch, G. J.; Zyzniewski, M. C.; Eaton, B. E. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 8474-8475.
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J. Amer. Chem. Soc.
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Dewey, T.M.1
Mundt, A.A.2
Crouch, G.J.3
Zyzniewski, M.C.4
Eaton, B.E.5
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35
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0027093256
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15. Milder conditions, such as a Mitsunobu reaction (see: (a) Czernecki, S.; Ezzitouni, A. J. Org. Chem., 1992, 57, 7325-7328.
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(1992)
J. Org. Chem.
, vol.57
, pp. 7325-7328
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Czernecki, S.1
Ezzitouni, A.2
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36
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0027369620
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have been employed in the synthesis of anhydronucleosides and though these conditions might be compatible with the formation of the 5-iodoanhydrouridine, to afford the desired dehydrated substrate (the 2,2′-anhydro vs. the 2,5′-derivative), protection/ deprotection steps would likely be required. For these reasons, we chose first to evaluate the 5-bromo derivative which was formed by direct analogy to the parent anhydrouridine nucleoside under conditions selective for the formation of the desired 2,2′-derivative
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(b) Chern, J.-W.; Kuo, C.-C.; Chang, M.-J.; Liu, L.-T. Nucleosides & Nucleotides, 1993, 12(9), 941-949.) have been employed in the synthesis of anhydronucleosides and though these conditions might be compatible with the formation of the 5-iodoanhydrouridine, to afford the desired dehydrated substrate (the 2,2′-anhydro vs. the 2,5′-derivative), protection/ deprotection steps would likely be required. For these reasons, we chose first to evaluate the 5-bromo derivative which was formed by direct analogy to the parent anhydrouridine nucleoside under conditions selective for the formation of the desired 2,2′-derivative.
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(1993)
Nucleosides & Nucleotides
, vol.12
, Issue.9
, pp. 941-949
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Chern, J.-W.1
Kuo, C.-C.2
Chang, M.-J.3
Liu, L.-T.4
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0001066695
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16. Sebesta, D. P.; O'Rourke, S. S.; Pieken, W. A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 361-362
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(1996)
J. Org. Chem.
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Sebesta, D.P.1
O'Rourke, S.S.2
Pieken, W.A.3
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39
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0011953051
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note
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8N; C, 71.23; H, 5.98; N, 2.25. Found: C, 70.96; H, 6.09; N, 2.22.
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