Exploring the mechanisms of primary antibody responses to T cell-dependent antigens

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Volumn 181, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 215-235

  Oprea, Mihaela ^a   Perelson, Alan S ^b  

^a SANTA FE INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE;

ANTIBODY RESPONSE; ARTICLE; B LYMPHOCYTE; B LYMPHOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; CELL INTERACTION; CELL KINETICS; CELL POPULATION; GERMINAL CENTER; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; LYMPHOID ORGAN; MODEL; PLASMA CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; T LYMPHOCYTE;

EID: 0030573671     PISSN: 00225193     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jtbi.1996.0127     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. ANTIA, R., LEVIN, B. & WILLIAMSON, P. (1991). A quantitative model suggests immune memory involves colocalization of B and Th cells. J. theor. Biol. 153, 371-384.
2. ARANEO, B. A., MARRACK, P. C. & KAPPLER, J. W. (1976). Functional heterogeneity among the T-derived lymphocytes of the mouse. V. Response kinetics of peripheral T cell subpopulations. J. Immunol. 117, 1233-1237.
3. ARMITAGE, R., MALISZEWSKI, C. R., ALDERSON, M. R., GRABSTEIN, K. H., SPRIGGS, M. K. & FANSLOW, W. C. (1993). CD40L: a multi-functional ligand. Sem. Immunol. 5, 401-412.
4. ARUFFO, A., FARRINGTON, M., HOLLENBAUGH, D., Li, X., MILATOVICH, A., NONOYAMA, S., BAJORATH, J. et al. (1993). The CD40 ligand, gp39, is defective in activated T cells from patients with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome. Cell 72, 291-300.
5. BANCHEREAU, J., BAZAN, F., BLANCHARD, D., BRIERE, F., GALIZZI, J. P., VAN KOOTEN, C. et al. (1994). The CD40 antigen and its ligand. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12, 881-922.
6. BUJDOSO, R., HOPKINS, J., DUTIA, B. M., YOUNG, P. & MCCONNELL, I. (1989). Characterization of sheep afferent lymph dendritic cells and their role in antigen carriage. J. Exp. Med. 170, 1285-1302.
7. CHAN, E. Y.-T. & MACLENNAN, I. C. M. (1993). Only a small proportion of splenic B cells in adults are short-lived virgin cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 23, 357-363.
8. CLARK, E. A. & LANE, P. J. L. (1991). Regulation of human B cell activation and adhesion. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9, 97-127.
9. CLARK, E. A. & LEDBETTER, J. A. (1986). Activation of human B cells mediated through two distinct cell surface differentiation antigens, Bp35 and Bp50. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 4494-4498.
10. CLARK, A. A. & LEDBETTER, J. A. (1994). How B and T cells talk to each other. Nature 367, 425-428.
11. Coico, R. F., BHOGAL, B. S. & THORBECKE, G. J. (1983). Relationship of germinal centers in lymphoid tissue to immunologic memory. VI. Transfer of B cell memory with lymph node cells fractionated according to their receptors for peanut agglutinin. J. Immunol. 131, 2254-2257.
12. CONRAD, R. E. & INGRAHAM, J. S. (1974). Rate of hemolytic antibody production by single cells in vivo in rabbits. J. Immunol. 112, 17-25.
13. CROFT, M. & SWAIN, S. (1995). Recently activated naive CD4 T cells can help resting B cells, and can produce sufficient autocrine IL-4 to drive differentiation to secretion of T helper 2-type cytokines. J. Immunol. 154, 4269-4282.
14. CROWLEY, M., INABA, K. & STEINMAN, R. M. (1990). Dendritic cells are the principal cells in mouse spleen bearing immuno-genic fragments of foreign proteins. J. Exp. Med. 172, 383-386.
15. CYSTER, J. G. & GOODNOW, C. C. (1995). Antigen-induced exclusion from follicles and anergy are separate and complementary processes that influence peripheral B cell fate. Immunity 3, 691-701.
16. DE BOER, R. J. & PERELSON, A. S. (1994). T cell repertoires and competitive exclusion. J. theor. Biol. 169, 375-390.
17. FISHMAN, M. A. & PERELSON, A. S. (1993). Modeling T cell-antigen presenting cell interactions. J. theor. Biol. 160, 311-342.
18. FLECHNER, E. R., FREUDENTHAL, P. S., KAPLAN, G. & STEINMAN, R. M. (1988). Antigen-specific T lymphocytes efficiently cluster with dendritic cells in the human primary mixed-leukocyte reaction. Cell. Immunol. 111, 183-195.
19. FUCHS, E. & MATZINGER, P. (1992). B cells turn off virgin but not memory cells. Science 258, 1156-1159.
20. FULEIHAN, R., RAMESH, N. & GEHA, R. S. (1995). X-linked agammaglobulinemia and immunodeficiency with normal or elevated IgM: Immunodeficiencies of B cell development and differentiation. Adv. Immunol. 60, 37-56.
21. GRAY, D., MACLENNAN, I. C. M. & LANE, P. J. L. (1986). Virgin B cell recruitment and the lifespan of memory clones during antibody responses to 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hemocyanin. Eur. J. Immunol. 16, 641-648.
22. HAN, S., HATHCOCK, K., ZHENG, B., KEPLER, T. B., HODES, R. & KELSOE, G. (1995). Cellular interactions in the germinal centers. Roles of CD40 ligand and B7-2 in established germinal centers. J. Immunol. 155, 556-567.
23. Ho, F., LORTAN, J., KHAN, M. & MACLENNAN, I. C. M. (1986). Distinct short-lived and long-lived antibody-producing cell populations. Eur. J. Immunol. 16, 1297-1301.
24. HODGKIN, P. D., YAMASHITA, L. C., COFFMAN, R. L. & KEHRY, M. R. (1990). Separation of events mediating B cell proliferation and Ig production by using T cell membranes and lymphokines. J. Immunol. 145, 2025-2034.
25. INABA, K., WHITMER, M. D. & STEINMAN, R. M. (1984). Clustering of dendritic cells, helper T lymphocytes, and histocompatible B cells during primary antibody responses in vitro. J. Exp. Med. 160, 858-876.
26. INABA, K., METLAY, J. P., CROWLEY, M. T. & STEINMAN, R. M. (1990). Dendritic cells pulsed with protein antigens in vitro can prime antigen-specific, MHC-restricted T cells in situ. J. Exp. Med. 172, 631-640.
27. JACOB, J. & KELSOE, G. (1992). In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. II. A common clonal origin for periarteriolar lymphoid sheath-associated foci and germinal centers. J. Exp. Med. 176, 679-687.
28. JACOB, J., KASSIR, R. & KELSOE, G. (1991). In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. I. The architecture and dynamics of responding cell populations. J. Exp. Med. 173, 1165-1175.
29. JACOB, J., MILLER, C. & KELSOE, G. (1992). In situ studies of the antigen-driven somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. Immunol. Cell Biol. 70, 145-152.
30. JANEWAY, C. A. & TRAVERS, P. (1994). Immunobiology. The Immune System in Health and Disease. London: Current Biology Ltd.
31. JERNE, N. K. (1973). The immune system. Sci. Amer. 229, 52-60.
32. KATO, T., KOKUHO, T., TAMURA, T. & NARIUCHI, H. (1994). Mechanisms of T cell contact-dependent B cell activation. J. Immunol. 152, 2130-2138.
33. KEHRY, M. R. & HODGKIN, P. D. (1993). Helper T cells: delivery of cell contact and lymphokine-dependent signals to B cells. Sem. Immunol. 5, 393-400.
34. KELSOE, G. & ZHENG, B. (1993). Sites of B cell activation in vivo. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 5, 418-422.
35. KELSOE, G. (1995). In situ studies of the germinal center reaction. Adv. Immunol. 60, 267-288.
36. KROESE, F. G. M., WUBENNA, A. S., SEIJEN, H. G. & NIEUWENHUIS, P. (1987). Germinal centers develop oligoclonally. Eur. J. Immunol. 17, 1069-1072.
37. KUPFER, H., MONKS, C. R. F. & KUPFER, A. (1994). Small splenic B cells that bind to antigen-specific T helper (Th) cells and face the site of cytokine production in Th cells selectively proliferate: immunofluorescence microscopic studies of Th-B antigen-presenting cell interactions. J. Exp. Med. 179, 1507-1515.
38. LAKEY, E. K., CASTEN, L. A., NIEBLING, W. L., MARGOLIASH, E. & PIERCE, S. K. (1988). Time dependence of B cell processing and presentation of peptide and native protein antigens. J. Immunol. 140, 3309-3314.
39. LANZAVECCHIA, A. (1987). Antigen uptake and accumulation in antigen-specific B cells. Immunol. Rev. 99, 39-51.
40. LASSILA, O., VAINIO, O. & MATZINGER, P. (1988). Can B cells turn on virgin T cells? Nature 334, 253-255.
41. LIU, Y. J., ZHANG, J., LANE, P. J. L., CHAN, E. Y.-T. & MACLENNAN, I. C. M. (1991). Sites of specific B cell activation in primary and secondary responses to T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens. Eur. J. Immunol. 21, 2951-2962.
42. MACLENNAN, I. C. M. & GRAY, D. (1986). Antigen-driven selection of virgin and memory B cells. Immunol. Rev. 91, 61-85.
43. MACLENNAN, I. C. M., LIU, Y. J., OLFIELD, S., ZHANG, J. & LANE, P. J. L. (1990). The evolution of B-cell clones. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 159, 37-63.
44. MACLENNAN, I. C. M. (1994). Germinal centers. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12, 117-139.
45. MALISZEWSKI, C. R., GRABSTEIN, K. H., FANSLOW, W. C., ARMITAGE, R., SPRIGGS, M. K. & SATO, T. A. (1993). Recombinant CD40 ligand stimulation of murine B cell growth and differentiation: cooperative effect of cytokines. Eur. J. Immunol. 23, 1044-1049.
46. MATZINGER, P. (1994). Tolerance, danger and the extended family. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12, 991-1045.
47. MCHEYZER-WILLIAMS, M. G. & DAVIS, M. M. (1995). Antigen-specific development of primary and memory T cells in vivo. Science 268, 106-111.
48. MELCHERS, F. & ANDERSSON, J. (1974). Secretion of immunoglobulins. In: Adv. Cytopharmacol., vol. 2 (Ceccarelli, B., Clementi, F. & Meldoiesi, J., eds) pp. 225-234. New York: Raven Press.
49. NIEUWENHUIS, P. & KEUNING, F. J. (1974). Germinal centres and the origin of the B-cell system. II. Germinal centres in the rabbit spleen and popliteal lymph nodes. Immunology 26, 509-519.
50. NOSSAL, G. J. V. & ADA, G. L. (1971). Antigens, Lymphoid Cells, and the Immune Response. New York: Academic Press.
51. NOSSAL, G. J. V., AUSTIN, C. M., PYE, J. & MITCHEL, J. (1966). Antigens in immunity. XII. Antigen trapping in the spleen. Int. Arch. Aller. Appl. Immunol. 29, 368-383.
52. NOSSAL, G. J. V. (1962). Genetic control of lymphopoiesis, plasma cell formation and antibody production. Int. Rev. Exp. Pathol. 1, 1-72.
53. PABST, R. & WESTERMANN, J. (1991). The unique role of the spleen and its compartments in lymphocyte migration. Res. Immunol. 142, 339-342.
54. PARKER, D. C. (1993). T cell-dependent B cell activation. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 11, 331-360.
55. PERELSON, A. S. & WEISBUCH, G. (1992). Modeling immune reactivity in secondary lymphoid organs. Bull. Math. Biol. 54, 649-672.
56. PERELSON, A. S., MIRMIRANI, M. & OSTER, G. F. (1976). Optimal strategies in immunology. I. B cell differentiation and proliferation. J. Math. Biol. 3, 325-367.
57. PETTERSSON, S., POBOR, G., BANDEIRA, A. & COUTINHO, A. (1983). Distinct helper activities control growth or maturation of B lymphocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 13, 249-254.
58. ROMANI, N., INABA, K., PURE, E., CROWLEY, M., WITMER-PACK, M. & STEINMAN, R. M. (1989). A small number of anti-CD3 molecules on dendritic cells stimulate DNA synthesis in mouse T lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 169, 1153-1168.
59. ROUSSET, F., GARCIA, E. & BANCHEREAU, J. (1991). Cytokine-induced proliferation and immunoglobulin production of human B lymphocytes triggered through their CD40 antigen. J. Exp. Med. 173, 705-710.
60. SALOMEN, B., LORES, P., RACZ, P., JAMI, J. & KLAZMANN, D. (1994). Conditional ablation of dendritic cells in transgenic mice. J. Immunol. 152, 537-548.
61. SINGER, D. F. & LINDERMAN, J. J. (1990). The relationship between antigen concentration, antigen internalization, and antigenic complexes: modeling insights into antigen processing and presentation. J. Cell Biol. 111, 55-68.
62. SMITH, K. A. (1984). Interleukin 2. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2, 319-333.
63. SNOW, E. C. & NOELLE, R. J. (1993). The role of direct cellular communication during the development of a humoral immune response. Adv. Cancer Res. 62, 241-266.
64. STEINMAN, R. M. (1991). The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9, 271-296.
65. TANNENBERG, W. J. K. & MALAVIYA, A. N. (1968). The life cycle of antibody-forming cells. I. The generation time of 19S hemolytic plaque-forming cells during the primary and secondary responses. J. Exp. Med. 128, 895-925.
66. TEW, J. G., MANDEL, T. E. & MILLER, G. A. (1979). Immune retention: immunological requirements for maintaining an easily degradable antigen in vivo. Australian J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 57, 401-414.
67. TSIAGBE, V. K., LINTON, P. J. & THORBECKE, G. J. (1992). The path of memory B cell development. Immunol. Rev. 126, 113-141.
68. VAN DEN EERTWEGH, A. J. M., BOERSMA, W. J. A. & CLAASSEN, E. (1992). Immunological functions and in vivo cell-cell interactions of T cells in the spleen. Crit. Revs. Immunol. 11, 337-380.
69. VAN DEN EERTWEGH, A. J. M., NOELLE, R. J., ROY, M., SHEPARD, D. M., ARUFFO, A., LEDBETTER, J. A. et al. (1993). In vivo CD40-gp39 interactions are essential for thymus-dependent humoral immunity. I. In vivo expression of CD40 ligand, cytokines, and antibody production delineates sites of cognate T-B cell interactions. J. Exp. Med. 178, 1555-1565.
70. VAN KOOTEN, C., GAILLARD, C., GALIZZI, J.-P., HERMANN, P., FOSSIEZ, F., BANCHEREAU, J. & BLANCHARD, D. (1994). B cells regulate expression of CD40 ligand on activated T cells by lowering the mRNA level and through the release of soluble CD40. Eur. J. Immunol. 24, 786-792.
71. VIEIRA, P. & RAJEWSKY, K. (1988). The half-lives of serum immunoglobulins in adult mice. Eur. J. Immunol. 18, 313-316.
72. VON BOEHMER, H. & HAFEN, K. (1993). The life span of naive alpha/beta T cells in secondary lymphoid organs. J. Exp. Med. 177, 891-896.
73. WEISS, L. (1972). The Cells and Tissues of the Immune System. Structure, Functions, Interactions. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
74. YELLIN, M. J., SIPPEL K., INGHIRAMI, G., COVEY, L. R. & LEE, J. J. (1994). CD40 molecules induce down-modulation and endocytosis of T cell surface T cell-B cell activating molecule/CD40-L. J. Immunol. 152, 598-608.
75. ZHENG, B., XUE, W. & KELSOE, G. (1994). Locus-specific somatic hypermutation in germinal centre T cells. Nature 372, 556-559.