The independent variable in the early origin of higher taxa

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Volumn 181, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 85-94

  Holman, Eric W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; EVOLUTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; TAXONOMY;

EID: 0030573543     PISSN: 00225193     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jtbi.1996.0116     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. ANDERSON, S. (1974). Patterns of faunal evolution. Q. Rev. Biol. 49, 311-332.
2. BAMBACH, R. K. (1983). Ecospace utilization and guilds in marine communities through the Phanerazoic. In: Biotic Interactions in Fossil and Recent Communities (Tevesz, M. J. S. & McCall, P. L., eds) pp. 719-746. New York: Plenum.
3. BAMBACH, R. K. (1985). Classes and adaptive variety: the ecology of diversification in marine faunas through the Phanerozoic. In: Phanerozoic Diversity Patterns: Profiles in Macroevolution (Valentine, J. W., ed.) pp. 191-253. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
4. BENTON, K. J. (ed.) (1993). The Fossil Record 2. London: Chapman & Hall.
5. BOYAJIAN, G. F. (1986). Phanerozoic trends in background extinction: Consequence of an aging fauna. Geology 14, 955-958.
6. BOYAJIAN, G. F. (1987). Reply on "Phanerozoic trends in background extinction: Consequence of an aging fauna." Geology 15, 876.
7. BRIGGS, D. E. G., FORTEY, R. A. & WILLIS, M. A. (1992). Morphological disparity in the Cambrian. Science 256, 1670-1672.
8. BURLANDO, B. (1990). The fractal dimension of taxonomic systems. J. theor. Biol. 146, 99-114.
9. BURLANDO, B. (1993). The fractal geometry of evolution. J. theor. Biol. 163, 161-172.
10. CARROL, R. L. (1988). Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. New York: W. H. Freeman.
11. CONWAY MORRIS, S. (1991). Problematic taxa: a problem for biology or biologists? In: The Early Evolution of the Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa (Simonetta, A., & Conway Morris, S., eds) pp. 19-24. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12. EFRON, B. & GONG, G. (1983). A leisurely look at the bootstrap, the jackknife, and cross-validation. Am. Statistician 37, 36-48.
13. ERWIN, D., VALENTINE, J. W., & SEPKOSKI, J. J., JR. (1987). A comparative study of diversification events: the early Paleozoic versus the Mesozoic. Evolution 41, 1177-1186.
14. FLESSA, K. W. & JABLONSKI, D. (1985). Declining background extinction rates: effect of taxonomic structure? Nature 313, 216-218.
15. FOOTE, M. (1992). Paleozoic record of morphological diversity in blastozoan echniderms. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 89, 7325-7329.
16. FOOTE, M. (1993). Discordance and concordance between morphological and taxonomic diversity. Paleobiology 19, 185-204.
17. FOOTE, M. (1994). Morphological disparity in Ordovician-Devonian crinoids and the early saturation of morphological space. Paleobiology 20, 320-344.
18. FOOTE, M. (1995). Morphological diversification of Paleozoic crinoids. Paleobiology 21, 273-299.
19. GILINSKY, N. L. (1994). Volatility and the Phanerozoic decline in background extinction intensity. Paleobiology 20, 445-458.
20. GILINSKY, N. L., & BAMBACH, R. K. (1987). Asymmetrical patterns of origination and extinction in higher taxa. Paleobiology 13, 427-445.
21. GOULD, S. J. (1991). The disparity of the Burgess Shale arthropod fauna and the limits of cladistic analysis: why we must strive to quantify morphospace. Paleobiology 17, 411-423.
22. GOULD, S. J., RAUP, D. M., SEPKOSKI, J. J., JR., SCHOPF, T. J. M., & SIMBERLOFF, D. S. (1977). The shape of evolution: a comparison of real and random clades. Paleobiology 4, 23-40.
23. HARLAND, W. B., ARMSTRONG, R. L., Cox, A. V., CRAIG, L. E., SMITH, A. G., & SMITH, D. G. (1990). A Geologic Time Scale 1989. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
24. HOLMAN, E. W. (1983). Time scales and taxonomic survivorship. Paleobiology 9, 20-25.
25. KAUFFMAN, S. A. (1993). The Origins of Order. New York: Oxford University Press.
26. MINELLI, A., FUSCO, G., & SARTORI, S. (1991). Self-similarity in biological classifications. Bio Systems 26, 89-97.
27. RAUP, D. M., & SEPKOSKI, J. J., JR. (1982). Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record. Science 215, 1501-1503.
28. RIEDL, R. (1978). Order in Living Organisms (Jefferies, R. P. S., tr.). Chichester: Wiley.
29. RUNNEGAR, B. (1989). Rates and modes of evolution in the Mollusca. In: Rates of Evolution (Campbell, K. S. W. & Day, M. F., eds) pp. 39-60. London: Allen & Unwin.
30. SEPKOSKI, J. J., JR. (1986). Phanerozoic overview of mass extinctions. In: Patterns and Processes in the History of Life (Raup, D. M. & Jablonski, D., eds) pp. 277-295. Berlin: Springer.
31. SEPKOSKI, J. J., JR. (1989). Periodicity in extinction and the problem of catastrophism in the history of life. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 146, 7-19.
32. SEPKOSKI, J. J., JR. (1992). A compendium of fossil marine animal families, 2nd ed. Milwaukee Public Mus. Contrib. Biol. Geol. 83.
33. SEPKOSKI, J. J., JR, BAMBACH, R. K., RAUP, D. M. & VALENTINE, J. W. (1981). Phanerozoic marine diversity and the fossil record. Nature 293, 435-443.
34. SIMPSON, G. G. (1953). The Major Features of Evolution. New York: Columbia University Press.
35. SMITH, A. B. (1988). Patterns of diversification and extinction in early Paleozoic echinoderms. Palaeontology 31, 799-828.
36. STRATHMANN, R. R. (1991). Divergence and persistence of highly ranked taxa. In: The Early Evolution of Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa (Simonetta, A., & Conway Morris, S., eds) pp. 15-18. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
37. VALENTINE, J. W. (1969). Patterns of taxonomic and ecological structure of the shelf benthos during Phanerozoic time. Paleontology 12, 684-709.
38. VALENTINE, J. W. (1980). Determinants of diversity in higher taxonomic categories. Paleobiology 6, 444-450.
39. VALENTINE, J. W., & ERWIN, D. H. (1987). Interpreting great developmental experiments: the fossil record. In: Development as an Evolutionary Process (Raff, R. A., & Raff, E. C., eds) pp. 71-107. New York: Liss.
40. VALENTINE, J. W., & WALKER, J. W. (1987). Extinctions in a model taxonomic hierarchy. Paleobiology 13, 193-207.
41. VAN VALEN, L. (1973a). Are categories different phyla comparable? Taxon 22, 333-373.
42. VAN VALEN, L. (1973b). A new evolutionary law. Evol. Theory 1, 1-30.
43. VAN VALEN, L. (1985). A theory of origination and extinction. Evol. Theory 7, 133-142.
44. VAN VALEN, L. (1987). Comment on "Phanerozoic trends in background extinction: Consequence of an aging fauna." Geology 15, 875-876.
45. WAGNER, P. J. (1995). Testing evolutionary hypotheses with early Paleozoic gastropods. Paleobiology 21, 248-272.
46. WILLS, M. A., BRIGGS, D. E. G., & FORTEY, R. A. (1994). Disparity as an evolutionary index: a comparison of Cambrian and Recent arthropods. Paleobiology 20, 93-130.
47. WIMSATT, W. C. (1986). Developmental constraints, generative entrenchment, and the innate-acquired distinction. In: Integrating Scientific Disciplies (Bechtel, W., ed.) pp. 185-208. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff.