Hacia un concepto del síndrome de deficiencia de hormona del crecimiento en adultos

Medicina Clinica

Volumn 107, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 218-223

  Díez, Juan J ^a,b   Gómez Pan, Antonio ^a   Iglesias, Pedro ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO LA PAZ   (Spain)

^b NONE   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GROWTH HORMONE;

ADULT; GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY; HUMAN; REVIEW; AGE; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; MENTAL DISEASE; METABOLISM; OBESITY; PHYSIOLOGY; SYNDROME;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; GROWTH HORMONE; HUMANS; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; MENTAL DISORDERS; OBESITY; SYNDROME;

EID: 0030572419     PISSN: 00257753     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (111)

1. Rudman D. Growth hormone, body composition, and aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 1985; 33: 800-807.
2. Zadik Z, Chalew SA, McCarter RJ, Miestas M, Kowarski AA. The influence of age on the 24-hour integrated concentration of growth hormone in normal individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985, 60: 513-516.
3. Kelijman M. Age-related alterations of the growth hormone/insulin-like-growth-factor I axis. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991; 39: 295-307.
4. Gómez-Pan A, Diez JJ. Hormona del crecimiento y envejecimiento humano. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 1991; 26: 149-154.
5. Ho KK, Hoffman DM. Aging and growth hormone. Horm Res 1993; 40: 80-86.
6. Corpas E, Harman SM, Blackman MR. Human growth hormone and human aging. Endocrine Rev 1993; 14: 20-39.
7. Davidson MB. Effect of growth hormone on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Endocr Rev 1987; 8: 115-131.
8. Press M. Growth hormone and metabolism. Diabetes/Metab Rev 1988; 4: 391-414.
9. Diez JJ, Gómez-Pan A. Nuevos aspectos fisiológicos y farmacológicos de la hormona del crecimiento (I). Efectos en adultos. Rev Clin Esp 1993; 192: 280-287.
10. Dean HJ, McTaggArt TL, Fish DG, Friesen HG. The educational, vocational, and marital status of growth hormone-deficient adults treated with growth hormone during childhood. Am J Dis Child 1985; 139: 1.105-1.110.
11. Goeddel DV, Heyneker HL, Hozumi T, Arentzen R, Itakura K, Yansura DG et al. Direct expresion in E. coli of a DNA sequence coding for human growth hormone. Nature (Lond) 1979; 281: 544-548.
12. Hintz RL, Rosenfeld RG, Wilson DM, Bennett A, Finno J, McClellan B. Biosynthetic methionyl human growth hormone is biologically active in adult man. Lancet 1982; 1: 1.276-1.279.
13. Westphal O. Non-conventional growth hormone treatment in short children. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1993; 128 (Supl 2): 10-11.
14. Lamberts SWJ, Valk NK, Binnerts A. The use of growth hormone in adults: a changing scene. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1992; 37: 111-115.
15. Bengtsson B-A. The consequences of growth hormone deficiency in adults. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1993; 128 (Supl 2): 2-5.
16. Russell-Jones DL, Weissberger AJ, Bowes SB, Kelly JM, Thomason M, Umpleby AM et al. Protein metabolism in growth hormone deficiency, and effects of growth hormone replacement therapy. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1993; 128 (Supl 2): 44-47.
17. Russell-Jones DL, Watts GF, Weissberger AF, Naoumova R, Myers J, Thompson GR et al. The effect of growth hormone replacement on serum lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and cholesterol precursors in adult growth hormone deficient pacients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1994; 41: 345-350.
18. Merimee T, Hollander W, Fineberg E. Studies of hyperlipidemia in the hGH-deficient state. Metabolism 1972; 21: 1.053-1.061.
19. Blackett PR, Weech PK, McConathy WJ, Fesmire JD Growth hormone in the regulation of hyperlipidemia. Metabolism 1982; 31: 117-120.
20. Salomon F, Cuneo RC, Hesp R, Sönksen PH. The effects of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone on body composition and metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 1.797-1.803.
21. De Boer H, Block GJ, Voerman HJ, Phillips M, Schouten JA. Serum lipid levels in growth hormone-deficient men. Metabolism 1994; 43: 199-203.
22. Libber SM, Plotnick LP, Johanson AJ, Blizzard RM, Kwiterovitch PO, Migeon CJ. Long-term follow-up of hypopituitary patients treated with human growth hormone. Medicine (Baltimore) 1990; 69: 46-55.
23. Cuneo RC, Salomon F, McGauley GA, Sönksen PH. The growth hormone deficiency syndrome in adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1992; 37: 387-397.
24. Markussis V, Beshyat SA, Fisher C, Sharp P, Nicolaides AN, Johnston DG. Detection of premature atherosclerosis by high-resolution ultrasonography in symptom-free hypopituitary adults. Lancet 1992; 340: 1.188-1.192.
25. Merimee TJ, Pulkkinen A. Familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia, evidence for a role of growth hormone deficiency in effecting its manifestation. J Clin Invest 1980; 65: 829-835.
26. Rosén T, Edén S, Larson G, Wilhelmsen L, Bengtsson B-Å. Cardiovascular risk factors in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1993; 129: 195-200.
27. Asayama K, Amemiya S, Kusano S, Kato K. Growth-hormone-induced changes in postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase activities. Metabolism 1984; 33: 129-131.
28. Johansson JO, Landin K, Tengborn L, Rosén T, Bengtsson BA. High fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in growth hormone-deficient adults. Arterioscler-Throm 1994; 14: 434-437.
29. Wolfsdorf JI, Sadeghi-Nejad A, Senior B Hypoketonemia and age-related fasting hypoglycemia in growth hormone deficiency. Metabolism 1983: 32: 457-462.
30. Salomon F, Cuneo RC, Umpleby AM, Sönksen PH. Glucose and fat metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1994; 41: 315-322.
31. Crist DM, Peake GT, Mackinnon LT, Sibbitt WL Jr, Kraner R. Exogenous growth hormone treatment alters body composition and increases natural killer cell activity in women with impaired endogenous growth hormone secretion. Metabolism 1987; 36: 1.115-1.117.
32. Salomon F, Cuneo RC, Hesp R, Sönksen PH. Growth hormone deficiency in adults. Acta Paediatr Scand (Supl) 1989; 356: 96.
33. Jørgensen JOL, Pedersen SA, Thuesen L, Jørgensen J, Ingemann-Hansen T, Skakkebaek NE et al. Beneficial effects of growth hormone treatment in GH-deficient adults. Lancet 1989; 1: 1.221-1.225.
34. Whitehead HM, Boreham C, Mcllrath EM, Sheridan B, Kennedy L, Atkinson AB et al. Growth hormone treatment of adults with growth hormone deficiency: results of a 13-month placebo controlled cross-over study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1992; 36: 45-52.
35. Orme SM, Sebastian JP, Oldroyd B, Stewart SP, Grant PJ, Stickland MH et al. Comparison of measures of body composition in a trial of low dose growth hormone replacement therapy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1922; 37: 453-459.
36. De Boer H, Block GJ, Voerman HJ, De Vries PM, Van der Veen EA. Body composition in adult growth hormone-deficient men, assessed by anthropometry and bioimpedance analysis J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992; 75: 833-837.
37. Amato G, Carella C, Fazio S, La Montagna G, Cittacini A, Sabatini D et al. Body composition, bone metabolism, and heart structure and function in growth hormone (GH)-deficient adults before and after GH replacement therapy at low doses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 77: 1.671-1.676.
38. Bengtsson B-A, Edén S, Lönn L, Kvist H, Stokland A, Lindstedt G et al. Treatment of adults with growth hormone (GH) deficiency with recombinant human GH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 76: 309-317.
39. Getner JM. Effects of growth hormone on body fat in adults 1993; 40: 10-15.
40. Russell-Jones DL, Weissberger AJ, Bowes SB, Kelly JM. Thomason M. Umpleby AM et al. The effects of growth hormone on protein metabolism in adult growth hormone deficient patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1993: 38: 427-431.
41. Jørgensen JOL, Thuesen L, Müller J, Ovesen P, Skakkebaek NE, Christiansen JS. Three years of growth hormone treatment in growth hormone-deficient adults: near normalization of body composition and physical performance. Eur J Endocrinol 1994; 130: 224-228.
42. Lee MO, Shaffer NK. Anterior pituitary growth hormone and composition of growth. J Nutrit 1934; 7: 337-363.
43. Russell JA, Cappiello M. Effects of pituitary growth hormone on metabolism of administered aminoacids in nephrectomised rats. Endocrinology 1949, 44: 333-344.
44. Cuneo RC, Salomon F, Wiles CM, Sönksen PH. Skeletal muscle performance in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Horm Res 1990; 33 (Supl 4): 55-60.
45. Rutherford OM, Jones DA, Round JM, Buchanan CR, Preece MA. Changes in skeletal muscle and body composition after discontinuation of growth hormone treatment in growth hormone deficient young adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1991; 34: 469-475.
46. Cuneo RC, Salomon F, Wiles CM, Hesp R, Sönksen PH. Growth hormone treatment in growth hormone-deficient adults. I. Effects on muscle mass and strength J Appl Physiol 1991; 70: 688-694.
47. Cuneo RC, Salomon F, Wiles CM, Hesp R, Sönksen PH. Growth hormone treatment in growth hormone-deficient adults. II. Effects on exercise performance. J Appl Physiol 1991; 70: 695-700.
48. Daughaday WH. Growth hormone and the somatomedins. En: Daughaday WH, editor. Endocrine Control of Growth. Nueva York: Elsevier, 1981, 1-24.
49. Inzucchi SE, Robbins RJ. Effects of growth hormone on human bone biology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79: 691-694.
50. Wüster C. Growth hormone and bone metabolism. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1993; 128 (Supl 2): 14-18.
51. Brixen K, Kassem M, Eriksen EF, Nielsen HK, Flyvberg A, Mosekilde L. Growth hormone (GH) and adult bone remodeling: the potential use of GH in treatment of osteoporosis. J Ped Endocrinol 1993; 6: 65-71.
52. Hyer SL, Rodin DA, Tobias JH, Leiper A, Nussey SS. Growth hormone deficiency during puberty reduces adult bone mineral density. Arch Dis Child 1992; 67: 1.472-1.474.
53. Kaufmann JM, Taelman P, Vermeulen A, Vanderweghe M. Bone mineral status in growth hormone-deficient males with isolated and multiple pituitary deficiencies of childhood onset. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992; 74: 118-123.
54. Degerblad M, Elgindy N, Hall K, Sjöberg HE, Thorén M. Potent effect of recombinant growth hormone on bone mineral density and body composition in adults with panhypopituitarism. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1992; 126: 387-393.
55. Rosén T, Hansson T, Granhed H, Szucs J, Bengtsson B-Å. Reduced bone mineal content in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency, Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1993; 129: 201-206.
56. Thorén M, Soop M, Degerblad M, Sääf M. Preliminary study of the effects of growth hormone substitution therapy on bone mineral density and serum osteocalcin levels in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1993; 128 (Supl 2): 41-43.
57. Vanderweghe M. Long-term consequences of growth hormone deficiency acquired in childhood. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1993; 128 (Supl 2): 6-8.
58. Holmes SJ, Enonomou G, Whitehouse RW, Adams JE, Shalet SM. Reduced bone mineral density in patients with adult onset growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78: 669-674
59. Beshyah SA, Thomas E, Kyd P, Sharp P, Fairney A, Johnston DG. The effect of growth hormone replacement therapy in hypopituitary adults on calcium and bone metabolism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1994; 40: 383-391.
60. Van der Veen EA, Netelenbos JC. Growth hormone (replacement) therapy in adults: bone and calcium metabolism. Horm Res 1990; 33 (Supl 4): 65-68.
61. Sartorio A, Conti A, Monzani M, Morabito F, Faglia G. Growth hormone treatment in adults with GH deficiency: effects on new biochemical markers of bone and collagen turnover. J Endocrinol Invest 1993; 16: 893-898.
62. Black MM, Shuster S, Bottoms E. Skin collagen and thickness in acromegaly and hypopituitarism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1972; 1: 259-263.
63. Parra A, Argote RM, García G, Cervantes C, Alatorre S, Pérez-Pasten E. Body composition in hypopituitary dwarfs before and during human growth hormone therapy. Metabolism 1979; 28: 851-857.
64. Binnerts A, Swart GR, Wilson JHP, Hoogerbrugge N, Pols HAP, Birkenhager JC et al. The effect of growth hormone administration in growth hormone deficient adults on bone, protein, carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis, as well as on body composition. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1992; 37: 79-87.
65. Rosén T, Bosaeus I, Tólli J. Lindstedt G, Bengtsson B-Å. Increased body fat mass and decreased extracellular fluid volume in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1993; 38: 63-71.
66. Pedersen SA, Welling K, Michaelsen KF, Jorgensen JO, Christiansen JS, Skakkebaek NE. Reduced sweting in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Lancet 1989; 2: 681-682.
67. Thuesen J, Jørgensen JOL, Müller JR, Khristiensen BØ, Skakkebaek NE, Vahl N et al. Short and long-term cardiovascular effects of growth hormone therapy in growth hormone deficient adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1994; 41: 615-620.
68. Caidahl K, Edén S, Bengtsson B-Å. Cardiovascular and renal effects of growth hormone. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1994; 40: 393-400.
69. Ammann AJ. Growth hormone and immunity. En: Underwood LE, editor. Human growth hormone. Progress and challenges. Nueva York, Basilea: Marcel Dekker, 1988, 243-253.
70. Kiess W, Doerr H, Butenand O, Belohrasdky BH. Lymphocyte subsets and natural-killer activity in growth hormone deficiency. N Engl J Med 1986; 314-321.
71. Roder JC, Pross HF. The biology of the human natural killer cell. J Clin Immunol 1982; 2: 249-263.
72. Denckla WD. Interactions between age and the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Fed Proc 1978; 37: 1.263-1.267.
73. Bozzola M, Cisternino M, Larizza D, Maghnie M, Moretta A, Schimpft RM et al. Natural killer (NK) activity and GH-deficiency. En: Bierich JR, Cacciari E, Raiti S, editores. Growth abnormalities. Serono Symposia Publications. Vol. 56. Nueva York: Raven Press, 1989; 249-251.
74. McGauley GA. Quality of life assessment before and after growth hormone treatment in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Acta Paediatr Scand 1989; (Supl) 356: 70-72.
75. McGauley GA, Cuneo RC, Salomon F, Sönksen PH. Psychological well-being before and after growth hormone tretment in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Horm Res 1990; 33 (Supl 4): 52-54.
76. Hunt SM, McKenna SP, Doward LC. Preliminary report on the development of a disease-specific instrument for assessing quality of life of adults with growth hormone deficiency. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1993; 128 (Supl 2): 37-40.
77. Aström C, Pedersen SA, Lindholm J. The influence of growth hormone on sleep in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1990; 33: 495-500.
78. Rosén T, Wirén L, Wilhelmsen L, Wiklund I, Bengtsson B-Å. Decreased psychological well-being in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1994; 40: 111-116.
79. Rosén T, Bengtsson B-Å. Premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease in hypopituitarism. Lancet 1990; 336: 285-288.
80. Ho KY, Evans WS, Blizzard RM, Veldhuis JD, Merrian GR, Samojlik E et al. Effects of sex and age on the 24-hour profile of growth hormone secretion in man: importance of endogenous estradiol concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987; 64: 51-58.
81. Rudman D, Feller AG, Nagraj HS, Gergans GA, Lalitha PY, Goldberg AF et al. Effects of human growth hormone in men over 60 years old. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1-6.
82. Underwood LE. Growth hormone therapy after epiphyseal fusion: what does the future hold? Endokrynologia Polska 1990; 41: 174-191.
83. Kopple JD, Brunori G, Leiserowitz M, Mattimore C, Hirschberg R. Growth hormone treatment for patients with renal failure. Jap J Nephrol 1991; 33: 468-474.
84. Jørgensen JOL. Human growth hormone replacement therapy: Pharmacology and clinical aspects. Endocr Rev 1991; 12: 189-207.
85. Shoham Z, Homburg R, Owen EJ, Conway GS, Ostergaard H, Jacobs HS The role of treatment with growth hormone in infertile patients. Baillière's Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1992; 6: 267-284.
86. Voerman HJ, Strack van Schijndel RJ, Groeneveld AB. De Boer H, Nauta JP, Van der Veen EA et al. Effects of recombinant human growth hormone in patients with severe sepsis. Ann Surg 1992; 216: 648-655.
87. Kopple JD. The rationale for the use of growth hormone or insulin-like growth tractor I in adults patients with renal failure. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1992; 18: 269-275.
88. Wilson DM. Clinical actions of growth hormone. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1992; 21: 519-537.
89. Sotos JF. New findings and the potential use of growth hormone. An Esp Pediatr 1992; 36 (Supl 48): 166-169.
90. Von Werder K. Growth hormone therapy in adulthood. Forstchr Med 1992; 110: 41-45.
91. Schmid C. Growth hormone «replacement» therapy-clues and claims. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1993; 129: 185-187.
92. Kaplan SL, The newer uses of growth hormone in adults. Adv Intern Med 1993; 38: 287-301.
93. Díez JJ, Gómez-Pan A. Nuevos aspectos fisiológicos y farmacológicos de la hormona del crecimiento (II) Aplicaciones terapéuticas en adultos. Rev Clin Esp 1993; 192: 334-342.
94. Díez JJ, Iglesias P, Gómez-Pan A, Hormona del crecimientc e insuficiencia renal: nuevos aspectos fisiopatológicos y posibilidades terapéuticas. Med Clin (Barc) 1993; 100: 547-555.
95. Girad J. Growth hormone and its significance beyond growth. Current aspects of the effects of this model anabolic hormone. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 1993; 82: 845-850.
96. Rubin CD. Growth hormone-aging and osteoporosis. Am J Med Sci 1993; 305: 120-129.
97. Bringer J, Lhoret RR, Hedon B, Lefebvre P. The use of growth hormone (hGH) in ovulation induction in women. Contracept Fertil Sex 1993; 21: 678-682.
98. Wenerman J. Effect of growth hormone on muscle and protein in critically ill patients. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1993; 128 (Supl 2): 19-22.
99. Hillensjö T, Bergh C, Effects of growth hormone on reproduction. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1993; 128 (Supl 2): 23-25.
100. Hall K. The role of growth hormone replacement therapy in adults with growth hormone deficiency: panel discussion. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1993; 128 (Supl 2): 56.
101. Riedel M, Brabant G, Rieger K, Von zur Mühlen A. Growth hormone therapy in adults: rationales, results, and perspectives. Exp Clin Endocrinol 1994; 102: 273-283.
102. Shoham Z, Zalel Y, Jacobs HS. The role of growth hormone in male infertility. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1994; 41: 1-5.
103. Landin-Wihelmsen K, Wilhelmsen L, Lappas G, Rosén T, Lindstedt G, Lundberg P-A et al. Serum insulin-like growth factor I in a random population sample of men and women: relation to age, sex, smoking habits, coffee consumption and physical activity, blood pressure and concentrations of plasma lipids, fibrinogen, parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1994; 41: 351-357.
104. Salomon F, Cuneo RC, Hesp R, Sönksen PH. Basal metabolic rate in adults with growth hormone deficiency and in patients with acromegaly; relationship with lean body mass, plasma insulin level and leucocyte sodium pump activity. Clin Sci 1992; 83: 325-330.
105. Jørgensen JOL, Mailer J, Laursen T, Ørskov H, Christiansen SJ, Weeke J. Growth hormone administration stimulates energy expenditure and extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in a dose-dependent manner and suppresses circadian thyrctrophin levels: studies in GH-deficient adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1994; 41: 609-614.
106. Laursen T, Jørgensen JOL, Christiansen JS. Metabolic effects of growth hormone administered subcutaneously once or twice dally to growth hormone deficient adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1994; 41: 337-343.
107. Withehead HM, Aiken B, Lewis S, Sheridan B, Hadden DR. Physiological growth hormone secretion in adult growth hormone deficiency: comparison with normal controls. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford) 1991; 34: 371-376.
108. Merimee TJ, Russell B, Quinn S. Growth hormone-binding proteins of human serum: developmental pattern in normal man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992; 75; 852-854.
109. Carlsson LMS, Rosberg S, Vitangcol RV, Wong WLT, Albertsson-Wikland K Analysis of 24 hour plasma profiles of growth hormone (GH)-binding protein, GH/GH binding protein complexes, and GH In healthy children J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993, 77: 356-361.
110. Blum WF, Ranke MB, Kietzmann K, Gauggel E, Zeisel HJ, Bierich JR. A specific radioimmunoassay for the growth hormone (GH)-dependent somatomedin binding protein: its use for diagnosis of GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 70: 1.292-1.298.
111. Jackson-Smith W, Nam TJ, Underwood LE, Busby WH, Celnicker A, Clemmons DR. Use of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGF-BP2), IGF-BP3, and IGF-1 for assessing growth hormone status in short children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 77: 1.294-1.299.