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2. Sugawara, K.; Tsunakawa, M.; Konishi, M.; Kawaguchi, H.; Krishnan, B.; Cun-heng, H.; Clardy, J. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 996. Elsamicin A (Elsamitrucin, EN: 108085) is now in phase II trials. See Drugs Fut. 1995, 20 (12), 1277, and references cited therein.
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Sugawara, K.1
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2. Sugawara, K.; Tsunakawa, M.; Konishi, M.; Kawaguchi, H.; Krishnan, B.; Cun-heng, H.; Clardy, J. J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 996. Elsamicin A (Elsamitrucin, EN: 108085) is now in phase II trials. See Drugs Fut. 1995, 20 (12), 1277, and references cited therein.
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3. (a) Uesugi, M.; Sekida, T.; Shinsuke, M.; Sugiura, Y. Biochemistry 1991, 30, 6711.
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(b) Alhambra, C.; Luque, F.J.; Portugal, J.; Orozco, M. Eur. J. Biochem. 1995, 230, 555 and references cited therein.
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in Trends in Synthetic Carbohydrate Chemistry, Horton, D., Hawkins, L.D., McGarvey, G.J. Eds.
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7. For other synthesis of amino sugars based on aldol reactions of chiral glycine anions, see: Mukaiyama, T. in Trends in Synthetic Carbohydrate Chemistry, Horton, D., Hawkins, L.D., McGarvey, G.J. Eds. ACS Symposium Series 386, page 280, 1989.
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and also reference 8
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9. Schöllkopf, U. Pure Appl. Chem. 1983, 55, 1799 and Chem. Scripta 1985, 25, 105 and also reference 8.
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16
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11. Reetz, M.T. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1984, 23, 556, and references cited therein.
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Reetz, M.T.1
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18
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37049084556
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13. Cyclo[(2S)-val-gly] was obtained as described by Rose et al. Treatment of this compound with triethyloxonium tetrafluorborate allowed the preparation of the 2,5-diethoxy pyrazine derivative. See Rose, J.E., Leeson, P.D.; Gani, D. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 1 1995, 157.
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Rose, J.E.1
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Gani, D.J.3
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19
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85030197828
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note
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14. Pure aldehyde (-)-3 is elusive, probably due to hydration or polymerization.
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20
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85030209312
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note
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15. The excess of Schöllkopf's reagent could be recovered, and showed no racemization.
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21
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85030198686
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Sevilla, Spain. 2-7 July
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16. Part of this work was presented as a poster communication to the 8th European Carbohydrate Symposium, Sevilla, Spain. 2-7 July 1995.
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(1995)
8th European Carbohydrate Symposium
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22
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85030201154
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note
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12
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23
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85030207610
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note
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18. Attempts to obtain 9 by quenching the aldol reaction with methyl iodide were unsuccessful. After 24 h at rt and aqueous work-up, only traces of methylated adduct were isolated, along with the adduct 6.
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24
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85030208584
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note
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19. Prolonged reaction times or the use of ethers as solvent resulted in a complete hydrolysis to the corresponding 2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy acid, isolated in low yields. Lactonization of this compound was not efficiently achieved.
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25
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0000276413
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1H NOE experiments were recorded in a BRUCKER AC200 spectrometer, using the NOEMULT.AU software for ASPECT3000 computers.
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J. Mag. Res.
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Kinns, M.1
Sanders, J.K.N.2
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26
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85030208130
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note
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0(PM3) being higher than 3 Kcal/mol). For lactones 12b and 14, rotamers (within 0.7 and 1.1 Kcal/mol of the global minimum, according to PM3 method) can better account for the observed NOEs between methyl groups and protons on C4, showed with dashed arrows in figure 2 and characteristic for the γ-lactones.
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28
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24444468650
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23. MNDO: Dewar, M.J.S.; Thiel, W.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 4899. AMI: Dewar, M.J.S.; Zoebisch, E.G.; Healy, E.F.; Stewart, J.J.P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 3902. PM3: Stewart, J.J.P. J. Comp. Chem. 1990, 10, 209.
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Dewar, M.J.S.1
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23. MNDO: Dewar, M.J.S.; Thiel, W.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 4899. AMI: Dewar, M.J.S.; Zoebisch, E.G.; Healy, E.F.; Stewart, J.J.P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 3902. PM3: Stewart, J.J.P. J. Comp. Chem. 1990, 10, 209.
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Dewar, M.J.S.1
Zoebisch, E.G.2
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Stewart, J.J.P.4
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84988129057
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23. MNDO: Dewar, M.J.S.; Thiel, W.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 4899. AMI: Dewar, M.J.S.; Zoebisch, E.G.; Healy, E.F.; Stewart, J.J.P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 3902. PM3: Stewart, J.J.P. J. Comp. Chem. 1990, 10, 209.
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24. MOPAC 93, Stewart, J.J.P., Fujitsu Limited, Tokyo, Japan (1993).
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Cambridge Scientific Computing, Inc., Cambridge, MA
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25. Chem3D, Molecular Modeling and Visualization, v3.0, Cambridge Scientific Computing, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
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Chem3D, Molecular Modeling and Visualization, V3.0
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33
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85030200907
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note
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3), 66.4 (C-4), 72.3 (C-5), 79.4 (C-3), 94.0 (C-1).
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