Using genetic information: The individual and the community

Medicine and Law

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 377-389

  Kegley, Jacquclyn Ann K ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOLISM; ARTICLE; COMMUNITY; CULTURAL FACTOR; DECISION MAKING; DOWN SYNDROME; GENE MAPPING; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENOME; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH INSURANCE; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMAN RIGHTS; INDIVIDUALITY; INDIVIDUALIZATION; MEDICAL GENETICS; RESPONSIBILITY; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 0030561824     PISSN: 07231393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (43)

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2. See: Natalie S. Glance and Bernardo A. Haberman. 1994. "The Dynamics of Social Dilemmas," Scientific American. 270: 3:76-82. See: Geoff Hodgson. 1986. "Behind Methodological Individualism," Cambridge Journal of Economics. 10:211-224. Hodson writes: 'The core of the legal system in a market dominated society is contract law." (214)
3. See: John Rawls. 1971. A Theory, of Justice. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknapp Press of Harvard University).
4. For a discussion of "market justice" and the individualistic base of the classical theories of justice (Libertarianism, Contractarianism, Utilitarianism and Equalitarianism) see: Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley. 1996. "Is Liberty and Justice For All Possible in American Health Care?" Paper presented at symposium, "Medical Ethics: Making Moral Distinctions," held at California State University, Fullerton, March 13-15, 1996.
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7. See: L. von Mises. 1949. Human Action: A Treatise on Economics. (London: William Hodge); and S. Lukes. 1968. "Methodological Individualism Reconsidered." British Journal of Sociology. Reprinted in D. Emmet and H. MacIntyre. Editors. 1975. Sociological Theory and Philosophical Analysis. (London: Macmillan).
8. See: L. von Mises. 1949. Human Action: A Treatise on Economics. (London: William Hodge); and S. Lukes. 1968. "Methodological Individualism Reconsidered." British Journal of Sociology. Reprinted in D. Emmet and H. MacIntyre. Editors. 1975. Sociological Theory and Philosophical Analysis. (London: Macmillan).
9. See: Geoff Hodgson. 1986. "Beyond Methodological Individualism," 211-212.
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14. H.A. Pearson; R.T. O'Brien. 1972. "Sickle Cell Testing Programs." Journal of Pediatrics 81: 1201-1204; and Mary L. Hampton; James Anderson; Blanche S. Lavizzo; and Abraham B. Bergman. 1974. "Sickle Cell Non-disease." American Journal of the Disabled Child. 128: July. 58-61.
15. Such a view was expressed by James Watson, Co-Discoverer of the DNA Helix, in an interview in Issues in Science and Technology. Fall, 1993. 44-45. Sarah Franklin is credited with coining and defining the concept "genetic essentialism," in "Essentialism, Which Essentialism? Some Implications of Reproductive and Genetic Technologies." in John Decco and John Elia. Issues in Biological Essentialism Versus Social Construction in Gay and Lesbian Identities. (London: Harrington Park Press). 27-39.
16. Quoted in L. Jaroff. 1989. "The Gene Hunt," Time. 20 March, 1989. 71.
17. R.C. Strohman. 1996. "The Nature of Polygenic Disease: Toward a Holistic Theory of Biology." in Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley. editor. Genetic Knowledge. Human Values and Human Responsibility. (To be published by Paragon Press). p. 22.
18. Ibid., p. 24.
19. Ibid., p. 23.
20. Geoff Hodgson. 1986. "Behind Methodological Individualism," p. 221.
21. See: Alex Rosenberg. 1994. "Subversive Reflections on the Human Genome Project." Proceedings of the Philosophy of Science Association. 1994: 2 339-335. (East Lansing, Michigan: Philosophy of Science Association). Rosenberg argues that the Human Genome Project provides physical information but not biological functional information. He also suggests that it does not make "scientific sense."
22. See: Christopher Willis. 1992. Exons. Introns and Talking Genes: The Science Behind the Human Genome Project. (New York: Basic Books). 10.
23. See: Guido Pincheira 1996. "The Human Genome: Facts, Enigmas and Complexities." in Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley. Editor. Genetics Knowledge, Human Values and Human Responsibility. (To be published by Paragon Press).
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25. Simon Levay. 1993. The Sexual Brain. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press).
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27. See for example: "Probing the Complex Genetics of Alcoholism," Research News, Science. 11 January, 1991. Vol. 251. No. 4990. 163-164; R. H. Dworkin, et. al. 1988. "A Multi-dimensional Approach to the Genetics of Schizophrenia," American Journal of Psychiatry. 145: 9, September. 1077-1082; and D.H. O'Rourke., et. al. 1983. "Genetic Analysis of Manic-Depressive Illness," American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 62: 51-59.
28. See for example: "Probing the Complex Genetics of Alcoholism," Research News, Science. 11 January, 1991. Vol. 251. No. 4990. 163-164; R. H. Dworkin, et. al. 1988. "A Multi-dimensional Approach to the Genetics of Schizophrenia," American Journal of Psychiatry. 145: 9, September. 1077-1082; and D.H. O'Rourke., et. al. 1983. "Genetic Analysis of Manic-Depressive Illness," American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 62: 51-59.
29. See for example: "Probing the Complex Genetics of Alcoholism," Research News, Science. 11 January, 1991. Vol. 251. No. 4990. 163-164; R. H. Dworkin, et. al. 1988. "A Multi-dimensional Approach to the Genetics of Schizophrenia," American Journal of Psychiatry. 145: 9, September. 1077-1082; and D.H. O'Rourke., et. al. 1983. "Genetic Analysis of Manic-Depressive Illness," American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 62: 51-59.
30. Richard Herrenstein and Charles Murray. 1994. The Bell Curve. (New York Free Press).
31. American Psychiatric Association. 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th Edition. (Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association).
32. Reported in Dorothy Nelkin and M. Susan Lindee. 1995. The DNA Mystique: The Gene as Cultural Icon. (New York: W.H. Freeman). 163.
33. Philip Kerr. 1991. A Philosophical Investigation. (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux).
34. All of this is documented in Nelkin Lindee. 1995. The DNA Mystique. 74-79.
35. Johnson v. Calvert. No.X 63 31 90 (Calif. Super.. Ct. October 11, 1990.) at 8 and 11.
36. Mark A. Rosenstein. 1983. "Employee Selection Based on Susceptibility to Occupational Illness." Michigan Law Review.. 139ff. See also: Elaine Draper. 1991. Risky Business. (New York: Cambridge University Press).
37. Mark A. Rosenstein. 1983. "Employee Selection Based on Susceptibility to Occupational Illness." Michigan Law Review.. 139ff. See also: Elaine Draper. 1991. Risky Business. (New York: Cambridge University Press).
38. See: Dorothy Nelkin and Lawrence Tancredi. 1994. Dangerous Diagnostics: The Social Power of Biological Information. 2dn Edition. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
39. Lenn E. Goodman and Madeline J. Goodman. 1986. "Prevention: How Misuse of a Concept Undercuts Its Worth." Hastings Center Report April 1986. 26-38; and Deborah A. Stone. 1986. "The Resistible Rise of Preventive Medicine." Journal of Health Politics. Policy and Law. 11:4. 671-696.
40. Lenn E. Goodman and Madeline J. Goodman. 1986. "Prevention: How Misuse of a Concept Undercuts Its Worth." Hastings Center Report April 1986. 26-38; and Deborah A. Stone. 1986. "The Resistible Rise of Preventive Medicine." Journal of Health Politics. Policy and Law. 11:4. 671-696.
41. See: Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley. 1996. Genuine Individuals and Genuine Communities (Nashville, Tennessee: Vanderbilt University Press. Scheduled for Fall).
42. Philip S. Curtis. 1989. "Court Widens Family Definition." New York Times. 7, July, 1989. A A13.
43. Sarah Ruddick. 1992. "Thinking About Fathers," in B. Thome and M. Yalom Editors. Rethinking the Family: Some Feminist Questions. (Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press). 189.