Laser-induced incandescence measurements of soot production in steady and flickering methane, propane, and ethylene diffusion flames

Combustion and Flame

Volumn 107, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 418-452

  Shaddix, Christopher R ^a,b   Smyth, Kermit C ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ETHYLENE; METHANE; PROPANE;

ACOUSTICS; ARTICLE; DIFFUSION; FLUORESCENCE; OXIDATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOOT;

EID: 0030560655     PISSN: 00102180     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0010-2180(96)00107-1     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. 1. Hamins, A., Yang, J. C., and Kashiwagi, T., Twenty-Fourth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1992, pp. 1695-1702.
2. 2. Cetegen, B. M., and Ahmed, T. A., Combust. Flame 93:157-184 (1993).
3. 3. Buckmaster, J., and Peters, N., Twenty-First Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1986, pp. 1829-1836.
4. 4. Ellzey, J. L., and Oran, E. S., Twenty-Third Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1990, pp. 1635-1640.
5. 5. Davis, R. W., Moore, E. F., Roquemore, W. M., Chen, L.-D., Vilimpoc, V., and Goss, L. P., Combust. Flame 83:263-270 (1991).
6. 6. Smyth, K. C., Miller, J. H., Dorfman, R. C., Mallard, W. G., and Santoro, R. J., Combust. Flame 62:157-181 (1985).
7. 7. Kent, J. H., and Honnery, D., Combust. Sci. Technol. 54:383-397 (1987).
8. 8. Kent, J. H., and Honnery, D. R., Combust. Flame 79:287-298 (1990).
9. 9. Moss, J. B., Stewart, C. D., and Syed, K. J., Twenty-Second Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1988, pp. 413-423.
10. 10. Sivathanu, Y. R., and Gore, J. P., Central and Eastern States Meeting of the Combustion Institute (New Orleans, March 1993), paper #123.
11. 11. Puri, R., Santoro, R. J., and Smyth, K. C., Combust. Flame 97:125-144 (1994) and Erratum, Combust. Flame 102:226-228 (1995).
12. 12. Kent, J. H., and Wagner, H. Gg., Combust. Sci. Technol. 41:245-269 (1984).
13. 13. Smyth, K. C., Harrington, J. E., Johnsson, E. L., and Pitts, W. M., Combust. Flame 95:229-239 (1993).
14. 14. Shaddix, C. R., Harrington, J. E., and Smyth, K. C., Combust. Flame 99:723-732 (1994).
15. 15. Kaplan, C. R., Shaddix, C. R., and Smyth, K. C., Combust. Flame, 106:392-405 (1996).
16. 16. Syed, K. J., Stewart, C. D., and Moss, J. B., Twenty-Third Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1990, pp. 1533-1541.
17. 17. Kent, J. H., Jander, H., and Wagner, H. Gg., Eighteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1981, pp. 1117-1126.
18. 18. Santoro, R. J., Semerjian, H. G., and Dobbins, R. A., Combust. Flame 51:203-218 (1983).
19. 19. Vandsburger, U., Kennedy, I., and Glassman, I., Combust. Sci. Technol. 39:263-285 (1984).
20. 20. Glassman, I., Twenty-Second Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1988, pp. 295-311, and references therein.
21. 21. Stewart, C. D., Syed, K. J., and Moss, J. B., Combust. Sci. Technol. 75:211-226 (1991).
22. 22. Moss, J. B., Stewart, C. D., and Young, K. J., Combust. Flame 101:491-500 (1995).
23. 23. Kennedy, I. M., Kollmann, W., and Chen, J.-Y., Combust. Flame 81:73-85 (1990).
24. 24. Kennedy, I. M., Kollmann, W., and Chen, J.-Y., AIAA J. 29:1452-1457 (1991).
25. 25. Villasenor, R., and Kennedy, I. M., Twenty-Fourth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1992, pp. 1023-1030.
26. 26. Leung, K. M., Lindstedt, R. P., and Jones, W. P., Combust. Flame 87:289-305 (1991).
27. 27. Lindstedt, R. P., Soot Formation in Combustion: Mechanisms and Models, Springer-Verlag Series in Chemical Physics 59 (H. Bockhorn, Ed.), pp. 417-441 (1994).
28. 28. Honnery, D. R., and Kent, J. H., Twenty-Fourth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1992, pp. 1041-1047.
29. 29. Honnery, D. R., Tappe, M., and Kent, J. H., Combust. Sci. Technol. 83:305-321 (1992).
30. 30. Kent, J. H., and Honnery, D. R., Soot Formation in Combustion: Mechanisms and Models, Springer-Verlag Series in Chemical Physics 59 (H. Bockhorn, Ed.), pp. 199-220 (1994).
31. 31. Dobbins, R. A., and Megaridis, C. M., Appl. Opt. 30:4747-4754 (1991).
32. 32. Charalampopoulos, T. T., and Chang, H., Combust. Flame 87:89-99 (1991).
33. 33. Puri, R., Moser, M., Santoro, R. J., and Smyth, K. C., Twenty-Fourth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1992, pp. 1015-1022.
34. 34. Santoro, R. J., Yeh, T. T., Horvath, J. J., and Semerjian, H. G., Combust. Sci. Technol. 53:89-115 (1987).
35. 35. Megaridis, C. M., and Dobbins, R. A., Twenty-Second Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1988, pp. 353-362.
36. 36. Puri, R., Richardson, T. F., Santoro, R. J., and Dobbins, R. A., Combust. Flame 92:320-333 (1993).
37. 37. Miller, J. H., Mallard, W. G., and Smyth, K. C., Combust. Flame 47:205-214 (1982) and unpublished results from this laboratory.
38. 38. Landolt-Börnstein, Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik, und Technik, II. Band, 8. Teil, Optische Konstanten. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1962.
39. 39. Bogaard, M. P., Buckingham, A. D., Pierens, R. K., and White, A. H., J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I 74:3008-3015 (1978).
40. 40. Bridge, N. J., and Buckingham, A. D., Proc. Royal Soc., A 295:334-349 (1966).
41. 41. Dalzell, W. H., and Sarofim, A. F., J. Heat Transfer 91:100-104 (1969).
42. 42. Smyth, K. C., and Shaddix, C. R., Combust. Flame, in press.
43. 43. Dasch, C. J., Appl. Opt. 31:1146-1152 (1992), and associated computer spreadsheet program.
44. 44. Leider, H. R., Krikorian, O. H., and Young, D. A., Carbon 11:555-563 (1973).
45. 45. Eckbreth, A. C., J. Appl. Phys. 48:4473-4479 (1977).
46. 46. Melton, L. A., Appl. Opt. 23:2201-2208 (1984).
47. 47. Quay, B., Lee, T.-W., Ni, T., and Santoro, R. J., Combust. Flame 97:384-392 (1994).
48. 48. Bengtsson, P.-E., and Aldén, M., Combust. Sci. Technol. 77:307-318 (1991).
49. 49. Bengtsson, P.-E., and Aldén, M., Appl. Phys. B 60:51-59 (1995).
50. 50. Huber, K. P., and Herzberg, G., Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure, IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1979.
51. u Swan System, York University, England, 1967.
52. 52. Bengtsson, P.-E., and Aldén, M., Combust. Flame 80:322-328 (1990).
53. 53. Dec, J. E., zur Loye, A. O., and Siebers, D. L., SAE Technical Papers Series SAE-910224, Society of Automotive Engineers, PA, 1991.
54. 54. Black, J. G., Yablonovitch, E., Bloembergen, N., and Mukamel, S., Phys. Rev. Lett. 38:1131-1134 (1977).
55. 55. Dasch, C. J., Appl. Opt. 23:2209-2215 (1984).
56. 56. Eckbreth, A. C., in Experimental Diagnostics in Gas Phase Combustion Systems (B. T. Zinn, Ed.), AIAA, New York, 1977, pp. 517-547.
57. 57. Tait, N. P., and Greenhalgh, D. A., Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 97:1619-1625 (1993).
58. 58. Hofeldt, D. L., SAE Technical Papers Series SAE-930079, Society of Automotive Engineers, PA, 1993.
59. 59. Ni, T., Pinson, J. A., Gupta, S., and Santoro, R. J., Appl. Opt. 34:7083-7091 (1995).
60. 60. Vander Wal, R. L., and Weiland, K. J., Appl. Phys. B 59:445-452 (1994).
61. 61. Case, M. E., Hofeldt, D. L., and Kittelson, D. B., Central States Meeting of the Combustion Institute, Madison, WI, June 1994, pp. 299-304.
62. 62. Vander Wal, R. L., personal communication (August 1995).
63. 63. Cignoli, F., Benecchi, S., and Zizak, G., Appl. Opt. 33:5778-5782 (1994).
64. 64. Megaridis, C. M., and Dobbins, R. A., Combust. Sci. Technol 66:1-16 (1989).
65. 65. Megaridis, C. M., personal communication (March 1996) from J. Zhang, Ph.D. thesis, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1996.
66. 66. Richardson, T. F., and Santoro, R. J., personal communication (March 1993).
67. 67. Honnery, D. R., and Kent, J. H., Combust. Flame 82:426-434 (1990).
68. 68. Bohren, C. F., and Huffman, D. R., Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles, Wiley, New York, 1983, pp. 477-482.
69. 69. Lee, S. C., and Tien, C. L., Eighteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1981, pp. 1159-1166.
70. 70. Graham, S. C., and Robinson, A., J. Aerosol Sci. 7:261-273 (1976).
71. 71. Sunderland, P. B., Köylü, Ü. Ö., and Faeth, G. M., Combust. Flame 100:310-322 (1995).
72. 72. Rapp, D. C., and Santoro, R. J., Western States Meeting of the Combustion Institute, Davis CA, March 1994, paper #52.