Assessing news media influences on the formation of Whites' racial policy preferences

Communication Research

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 147-178

  Pan, Zhongdang ^a   Kosicki, Gerald M ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030558923     PISSN: 00936502     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/009365096023002001     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
2. Ball-Rokeach, S. J., & DeFleur, M. L. (1976). A dependency model of mass-media effects. Communication Research, 3, 3-21.
3. Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
4. Brady, H. E., & Sniderman, P. M. (1985). Attitude attribution: A group basis for political reasoning. American Political Science Review, 79, 1061-1078.
5. Chaffee, S. H., & Choe, S. Y. (1981). Newspaper reading in longitudinal perspective: Beyond structural constraints. Journalism Quarterly, 58, 201-211.
6. Conover, P. J., & Feldman, S. (1981). The origins and meaning of liberal/ conservative self-identifications. American Journal of Political Science, 25, 617-645.
7. Converse, P. E. (1964). The nature of belief systems in mass publics. In D. E. Apter (Ed.), Ideology and discontent. New York: Free Press.
8. Drummond, W. J. (1990). About face: Blacks and the news media. The American Enterprise, 1, 22-29.
9. Entman, R. M. (1992). Blacks in the news: Television, modern racism and cultural change. Journalism Quarterly, 69, 341-361.
10. Feldman, S. (1988). Structure and consistency in public opinion: The role of core beliefs and values. American Journal of Political Science, 32, 416-440.
11. Fine, T. S. (1992). The impact of issue framing on public opinion: Toward affirmative action programs. The Social Science Journal, 29, 323-334.
12. Gamson, W. A. (1988). A constructionist approach to mass media and public opinion. Symbolic Interaction, 11, 161-174.
13. Gamson, W. A. (1992). Talking politics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
14. Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1987). The changing culture of affirmative action. In R. G. Braungart & M. M. Braungart (Eds.), Research in political sociology (Vol. 3, pp. 137-177). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
15. Greeley, A. M., & Sheatsley, P. B. (1971). Attitudes toward racial integration. Scientific American, 225, 13-19.
16. Hall, S. (1980). Encoding/decoding. In S. Hall, D. Hobson, A. Lowe, & P. Willis (Eds.), Culture, media, language: Working papers in cultural studies, 1972-1979 (pp. 128-138). London: Huchinson.
17. Harris, L. (1992, January/February). Unequal terms. Columbia Journalism Review, 20.
18. Isen, A. M. (1984). Toward understanding the role of affect in cognition. In R. S. Wyer, Jr., & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (Vol. 3, pp. 179-236). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
19. Iyengar, S. (1990). Shortcuts to political knowledge: The role of selective attention and accessibility. In J. Ferejohn & J. H. Kuklinski (Eds.), Information and democratic processes (pp. 160-185). Urbana, IL: University of Chicago Press.
20. Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
21. Jackman, M. R. (1978). General and applied tolerance: Does education increase commitment to racial integration. American Journal of Political Science, 22, 302-324.
22. Jamieson, K. H. (1992). Dirty Politics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
23. Jennings, M. K. (1992). Ideology among mass publics and political elites. Public Opinion Quarterly, 56, 419-441.
24. Jennings, M. K., & Niemi, R. D. (1981). Generations and politics: A panel study of young adults and their parents. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
25. Kinder, D. R. (1986). The continuing American Dilemma: White resistance to racial change 40 years after Myrdal. Journal of Social Issues, 42, 151-172.
26. Kinder, D. R., & Sanders, L. M. (1990). Mimicking political debate with survey questions: The case of white opinion on affirmative action for blacks. Social Cognition, 8, 73-103.
27. Krosnick, J. A. (1991). The stability of political preferences: Comparisons of symbolic and non-symbolic attitudes. American Journal of Political Science, 35, 547-576.
28. Kuklinski, J. H., & Parent, W. (1981). Race and big government: Contamination in measuring racial attitudes. Political Methodology, 7, 131-159.
29. Kuklinski, J. H., Rieggle, E., Ottati, V., Schwarz, N., & Wyer, R. S., Jr. (1991). The affective and cognitive basis of political tolerance. American Journal of Political Science, 35, 1-27.
30. Lester, P., & Smith, R. (1990). African-American photo coverage in Life, Newsweek and Time, 1937-1988. Journalism Quarterly, 67, 128-136.
31. Leventhal, H., & Scherer, K. (1987). The relationship of emotion to cognition: A functional approach to a semantic controversy. Cognition and Emotion, 1, 3-28.
32. Margolis, M., & Haque, K. E. (1981). Applied tolerance or fear of government? An alternative interpretation of Jackman's findings. American Journal of Political Science, 25, 241-255.
33. McConahay, J. B., & Hough, J. C. (1976). Symbolic racism. Journal of Social Issues, 32, 563-579.
34. McGuire, W. J. (1960). A syllogistic analysis of cognitive relationships. In C. I. Hovland & M. J. Rosenberg (Eds.), Attitude organization and change (pp. 175-257). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
35. McGuire, W. J. (1986). The myth of massive media impact: Savagings and salvagings. In G. Comstock (Ed.), Public communication and behavior (Vol. 1, pp. 175-259). New York: Academic Press.
36. McLeod, J. M., Kosicki, G. M., & Pan, Z. (1991). On understanding and misunderstanding media effects. In J. Curran & M. Gurevitch (Eds.), Mass media and society (pp. 235-266). London: Edward Arnold.
37. Meyrowitz, J. (1990). Experiencing the news: Television's reconstruction of reality. In J. J. Stuhr & R. M. Cochran (Eds.), Morals and the media: Information, entertainment, and manipulation (pp. 35-60). Eugene: University of Oregon Humanities Center.
38. Miller, W. E., Kinder, D. R., Rosenstone, S. J., & the National Election Studies (1991). American National Election Study, 1990: Post-Election Survey. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Center for Political Studies (producer); Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research (distributor).
39. Neuman, W. R. (1989). Parallel content analysis: Old paradigms and new proposals. In G. Comstock (Ed.), Public communication and behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 205-289). New York: Academic Press.
40. Neuman, W. R., Just, M. R., & Crigler, A. A. (1992). Common knowledge: News and the construction of political meaning. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
41. Page, B. I., & Shapiro, R. Y. (1992). The rational public: Fifty years of trends in Americans' policy preference. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
42. Pan, Z., & Kosicki, G. M. (1993). Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse. Political Communication, 10, 59-79.
43. Pan, Z., & Kosicki, G. M. (1994). Voters' reasoning processes and media influences during the Persian Gulf War. Political Behavior, 16, 117-156.
44. Peffley, M. A., & Hurwitz, J. (1985). A hierarchical model of attitude constraint. American Journal of Political Science, 29, 871-890.
45. Pettigrew, T. (1979). Racial change and social policy. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 441, 114-131.
46. Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1984). Attitude change: Central and peripheral routes to persuasion. New York: Springer-Verlag.
47. Robinson, J. P., & Levy, M. R. (1986). The main source: Learning from television news. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
48. Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: Free Press.
49. Rokeach, M. (1985). Inducing changes and stability in belief systems and personality structures. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 153-171.
50. Rokeach, M., & Ball-Rokeach, S. (1989). Stability and change in value priorities, 1968-1981. The American Psychologist, 44, 775-784.
51. Schudson, M. S. (1990). Visual culture and American politics: Do the eyes have it? In J. J. Stuhr & R. M. Cochran (Eds.), Morals and the media: Information, entertainment, and manipulation (pp. 15-33). Eugene: University of Oregon Humanities Center.
52. Schuman, H., Steeh, C., & Bobo, L. (1985). Racial attitudes in America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
53. Sears, D. O. (1988). Symbolic racism. In P. A. Katz and D. A. Taylor (Eds.), Eliminating racism (pp. 53-84). New York: Plenum.
54. Sears, D. O., Huddy, L., Schaffer, L. G. (1986). Aschematic variant of symbolic politics theory, as applied to racial and gender equality. In R. R. Lau & D. O. Sears (Eds.), Political cognition: The 19th Annual Carnegie Symposium on Cognition (pp. 159-202). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
55. Sheatsley, P. B. (1966). White attitudes toward the Negro. Daedalus, 95, 217-237.
56. Sigelman, L., & Yough, S. N. (1978). Some "trivial" matters that sometimes matter: Index construction techniques and research findings. Political Methodology, 5, 369-384.
57. Smith, K. W., & Sasaki, M. S. (1979). Decreasing multicolinearity: A method for models with multiplicative functions. Sociological Methods & Research, 8, 35-56.
58. Smith, T. W., & Sheatsley, P. B. (1984). American attitudes toward race relations. Public Opinion, 7, 14-15, 50-53.
59. Sniderman, P. M., Brody, R. A., & Tetlock, P. E. (1991). Reasoning and choice: Explorations in political psychology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
60. Sniderman, P. M., & Hagen, M. G. (1985). Race and inequality: A study in American values. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House.
61. Sniderman, P. M., & Piazza, T. (1993). The scar of race. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
62. Stevens, G., & Cho, J. H. (1985). Socioeconomic indexes and the new 1980 census occupational classification scheme. Social Science Research, 14, 142-168.
63. Tate, R. L. (1984). Limitations of centering for interactive models. Sociological Methods and Research, 13, 251-271.
64. Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. New York: Free Press.
65. van Dijk, T. A. (1991). Racism and the press. London: Routledge.
66. Weaver, D. H., & Wilhoit, G. C. (1986). A portrait of U.S. news people and their work. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
67. Wheaton, B. (1987). Assessment of fit in overidentified models with latent variables. Sociological Methods and Research, 16, 118-154.
68. Zajonc, R. B. (1980). Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist, 35, 151-175.
69. Zaller, J. R. (1992). The nature and origins of mass opinion. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.