How much energy do sick neonatal foals require compared with healthy foals?

Pferdeheilkunde

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 231-237

  Ousey, Jennifer C ^a   Holdstock, N ^a   Rossdale, P D ^a   McArthur, A J ^b  

^a BEAUFORT COTTAGE STABLES   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC   (Fiji)

Author keywords

Energy balance; Metabolic rate; Neonatal foals; Sick foals

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030554415     PISSN: 01777726     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.21836/pem19960313     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Bartlet, R. H., Dechert, R. E., Mault, J. R., Ferguson, S. K., Kaiser, A. M., and Erlandson, E. E. (1982): Measurement of metabolism in multiple organ failure. Surgery 92, 771-778.
2. Bhakoo, O. N. and Scopes, J. W. (1974): Minimal rates of oxygen consumption in small-for-dates babies during the first week of life. Arch. Dis. Childh. 49, 583-585.
3. Biesel, W. R. (1975): Metabolic responses to infection. Ann. Rev. Med. 26, 9-20.
4. Billeaud, C., Piedboeuf, B. and Chessex, P. (1992): Energy expenditure and severity of respiratory disease in very low birth weight infants receiving long-term ventilatory support. J. Pediatr. 120, 461-464.
5. Blaxter, K. L. (1952): The nutrition of the young Ayrshire calf. 6. The utilisation of the energy of whole milk. Br. J. Nutr. 6, 12-19.
6. Blaxter, K. L. (1989): Energy Metabolism in Animals and Man. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
7. Brewer, B. D. (1990): Renal diseases. In Equine Clinical Neonatology. Eds. A.M. Koterba, W.H. Drummond, P.C. Kosch. pp. 446-458.
8. Brooke, O. G. (1982): Energy requirements and utilization of the low birthweight infant. Acta Paediatr. Scand. suppl. 296, 67-70.
9. Brooke, O. G., Onugogu, O., Heath, R. and Carter, N. D. (1987): Human milk and preterm formula compared for effects on growth and metabolism. Arch. Dis. Childh. 62, 917-923.
10. Broughton Pipkin, F., Ousey, J. C. and Rossdale, P. D. (1991): Observations of changing renal function in the newborn pony foal. J. Reprod. Fert. suppl. 44, 736-737.
11. Brück, K. (1961): Temperature regulation in the newborn infant. Biol. Neonate 3, 65-119.
12. Chessex, P., Reichman, B. L., Verellen, G. J. E., Putet, G., Smith, J. M., Heim, T. and Swyer, P. R. (1981): Influence of postnatal age, energy intake, and weight gain on energy metabolism in the very low-birth-weight infant. J. Pediatr. 99, 761-766.
13. Chessex, P., Reichman, B. L., Verellen, G. J. E., Putet, G., Smith, J. M., Heim, T. and Swyer, P. R. (1984): Metabolic consequences of intrauterine growth retardation in very low birthweight infants. Pediatr. Res. 18, 709-713.
14. Chwals, W. J. (1994): Overfeeding the critically ill child: fact or fantasy? New Horiz. 2, 147-155.
15. Cudd, T. A. (1993): Parenteral nutrition support in foals. Comp. Cont. Educ. Pract. Vet. 15 (11), 1547-1550.
16. Cymbaluk, N. F. (1990): Cold housing effects on growth and nutrient demand of young horses. J. Anim. Sci. 68, 3152-3162.
17. Cymbaluk, N. F., Smart, M. E., Bristol, F. M. and Ponteaux, V. A. (1993): Importance of milk replacer intake and composition in rearing orphan foals. Can. vet. J. 34, 479-486.
18. Doreau, M. and Dussap, G. (1980): Estimation de la production laitiere de la jument allaitante par marquage de l'eau corporelle du poulain. Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop. 20, 1883-1892.
19. Doreau, M., Boulot, S., Martin-Rosset, W. and Robelin, J. (1986): Relationship between nutrient intake, growth and body composition of the nursing foal. Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop. 26 (2B), 683-690.
20. Doreau, M., Martin-Rosset, W. and Boulot, S. (1988): Energy requirements and the feeding of mares during lactation: a review. Livestock Prod. Sci. 20, 53-68.
21. Fowden, A. L., Mundy, L., Ousey, J. C., McGladdery, A. J. and Silver, M. (1991): Tissue glycogen and glucose-6-phosphatase levels in fetal and newborn foals. J. Reprod. Fert. Suppl. 44, 537-542.
22. Freymond, D., Schutz, Y., Decombaz, J., Micheli, J-L, and Jéquier, E. (1986): Energy balance, physical activity and thermogenic effects of feeding in premature infants. Pediatr. Res. 20, 638-645.
23. Gibbs, P. G., Potter, G. D., Blake, R. W. and McMullan, W. C. (1982): Milk production of Quarter horse mares during the first 150 days of lactation. J. Anim. Sci. 54, 496-499.
24. Grosdidier, S. (1993): Critical care nutrition. Vet. Tech. 14, 59-69.
25. Hack, M., Horbar, J. D., Malloy, M. H., Tyson, J. E., Wright, E. and Wright, L. (1991): Very low-birth-weight outcomes of the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Network. Paediatrics 87, 587-597.
26. Hansen, T. O. (1986): Parenteral nutrition in foals. Am Ass. Equine Pract. 33, 153-156.
27. Hey, E. N. (1969): The relation between environmental temperature and oxygen consumption in the new-born baby. J. Physiol. 200, 589-603.
28. Heird, W. C., Jensen, C. L. and Gomez, M. R. (1992): Practical aspects of achieving positive energy balance in low birth weight infants. J. Pediatr. 120, 120-128.
29. Hill, J. R. and Rahimtulla, K. A. (1965): Heat balance and the metabolic rate of new-born babies in relation to environmental temperature; and the effect of age and weight on basal metabolic rate. J. Physiol. 180, 239-265.
30. Hintz, H. F., Hintz, R. L. and Van Vleck, L. D. (1979): Growth rate of Thoroughbreds. Effect of age of dam, year and month of birth, and sex of foal. J. Anim. Sci. 48, 480-487.
31. Holdstock, N. B. (1995): Electrolyte and Water Homeostasis in the Perinatal Foal. PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.
32. Jéquier, E. (1987): Measurement of energy expenditure in clinical nutritional assessment. J. Parent. Ent. Nutr. 11, 86S-89S.
33. King, S.S. and Nequin, L.G. (1989): An artificial rearing method to produce optimum growth in orphaned foals. J. Equine Vet Sci. 9, 319-322
34. Koterba, A.M. (1990): Nutritional support: enteral feeding. In Equine Clinical Neonatology. Eds. A.M. Koterba, W.H. Drummond, P.C. Kosch. pp. 728-746.
35. Koterba, A. M. (1991): Intravenous fluid therapy and nutritional support in the sick neonate. Equine vet. Educ. 3, 33-39.
36. Koterba, A. M. and Drummond, W. H. (1985): Nutritional support of the foal during intensive care. Vet. Clin. N. Am. 1 (1), 35-40.
37. Le Dividich, J., Herpin., P. and Rosario-Ludovino, R. M. (1994): Utilization of colostral energy by the newborn pig. J. Anim. Sci. 72, 2082-2089.
38. Long, C. L. (1977): Energy balance and carbohydrate metabolism in infection and sepsis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 30, 1301-1310.
39. Long, C. L., Schaffel, N., Geiger, J. W., Schiller, W. R. and Blakemore, W. S. (1979): Metabolic response to injury and illness: estimation of energy and protein needs from indirect calorimetry and nitrogen balance. J. Parent. Ent. Nutr. 3, 452-456.
40. Martin, R. G., McMeniman, N. P. and Dowsett, K. F. (1992): Milk and water intakes of foals sucking grazing mares. Equine vet. J. 24, 295-299.
41. Mestyán, J. (1978): Energy metabolism and substrate utilization in the newborn. In Temperature Regulation and Energy Metabolism in the Newborn. Ed. J.C. Sinclair. pp.39-74.
42. Mount, L. E. (1979): Adaptation to the Thermal Environment. Man and his Productive Animals. Edward Arnold, London.
43. Oftedal, O. T., Hintz, H. F. and Schryver, H. F. (1983): Lactation in the horse: milk composition and intake by foals. J. Nutr. 113, 2096-2106.
44. Ousey, J. C. (1992): Thermoregulation and energy metabolism in the newborn foal. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham, UK.
45. Ousey, J. C., McArthur, A. J., Murgatroyd, P. R., Stewart, J. H. and Rossdale, P. D. (1992): Thermoregulation and total body insulation in the newborn foal. J. therm. Biol. 17, 1-10.
46. Ousey, J.C., McArthur, A.J. and Rossdale, P.D. (1991): Metabolic changes in Thoroughbred and pony foals during the first 24 h post partum. J. Reprod. Fert., suppl. 44, 561-570.
47. Ousey, J. C., McArthur, A. J. and Rossdale, P. D. (1996): Thermoregulation in sick foals age less than one week, (in press).
48. Pagan, J. D. and Hintz, H. F. (1986): Equine energetics. 1. Relationship between body weight and energy requirements in horses. J. Anim. Sci. 63, 815-821.
49. Palmer, J. E. (1985): Gastrointestinal diseases of foals. Vet. Clin. N. Am. 1, 151-168.
50. Peek, S. F., Byars, T. D. and Rueve, E. (1994): Neonatal hepatic failure in a Thoroughbred foal: successful treatment of a case of presumptive Tyzzer's disease. Equine vet. Educ. 6, 307-309.
51. Picaud, J-C., Putet, G., Rigo, J., Salle, B. L. and Senterre, J. (1994): Metabolic and energy balance in small- and appropriate-for-gestational-age, very low-birth-weight infants. Acta. Paediatr. Suppl. 405, 54-59.
52. Reichman, B. L., Chessex, P., Putet, G., Verellen, J. E., Smith, J. M., Heim, T. and Swyer, P. R. (1982): Partition of energy metabolism and energy cost of growth in the very low-birth-weight infant. Pediatrics 69, 446-451.
53. Sauer, P. J. J., Dane, H. J. and Visser, H. K. A. (1984): Longitudinal studies on metabolic rate, heat loss, and energy cost of growth in low birth weight infants. Pediatr. Res. 18, 254-259.
54. Scopes, J. W. and Ahmed, I. (1966): Minimal rates of oxygen consumption in sick and premature newborn infants. Arch. Dis. Childh. 41, 407-416.
55. Settle, C. S. and Vaala, W. E. (1991): Management of the critically ill foal: initial respiratory, fluid and nutritional support. Equine vet. Educ. 3, 49-54.
56. Sinclair, J. C. (1970): Heat production and thermoregulation in the small-for-date infant. Ped. Clin. N. Am. 17, 147-158.
57. Ullrey, D. E. Struthers, R. D., Hendricks, D. G. and Brent, B. E. (1966): Composition of mare's milk. J. Anim. Sci. 25, 217-222.
58. Van Aerde, J. E., Sauer, P. J., Pencharz, P. B., Smith, J. M., Heim, T. and Swyer, P. R. (1994): Metabolic consequences of increasing energy intake by adding lipid to parenteral nutrition in full-term infants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 59, 659-662.
59. Wahlig, T. M., Gatto, C. W., Boros, S. J., Mammel, M. C., Mills, M. M. and Georgieff, M. K. (1994): Metabolic response of preterm infants to variable degrees of respiratory illness. J. Pediatr. 124, 283-288.
60. Walker, D. M., Cook, L. J. and Jagusch, K. T. (1967): Nitrogen balance studies with the milk-fed lamb, Br. J. Nutr. 21, 275-287.
61. Whyte, R. K., Haslam, R., Vlainic, C., Shannon, S., Samulski, K., Campbell, D., Bayley, H. S. and Sinclair, J. C. (1983): Energy balance and nitrogen balance in growing low birthweight infants fed human milk or formula. Pediatr. Res. 17, 891-898.
62. Wilson, J. H. and Cudd, T. A. (1990): Common gastrointestinal diseases. In Equine Clinical Neonatology. Eds. A. M. Koterba, W. H. Drummond, P. C. Kosch. pp. 412-430.
63. Wilson, D. C. and McClure, G. (1994): Energy requirements in sick preterm babies. Acta Paediatr. Suppl. 405, 60-64.