Television violence: Implications for violence prevention

School Psychology Review

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 134-151

  Hughes, Jan N ^a   Hasbrouck, Jan E ^a  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030553585     PISSN: 02796015     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. American Psychological Association. (1993). Report of the APA Commission on Violence and Youth (Vol. 1). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
2. Ammerman, R. T., & Hersen, M. (1990). Children at risk: An evaluation of factors contributing to child abuse and neglect. New York: Plenum.
3. Andreasen, M. S. (1990). Evolution in the family's use of television. Normative data from industry and academe. In J. Bryant (Ed.), Television and the American family (pp. 3-55). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
4. Arbuthnot, J., & Gordon, D. A. (1986). Behavioral and cognitive effects of a moral reasoning development intervention for high-risk behavior-disordered adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 208-216.
5. Atkin, C. K., Greenberg, B. S., Korzenny, F., & McDermott, S. (1979). Selective exposure to televised violence. Journal of Broadcasting, 23(1), 5-13.
6. Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1963). Imitation of film-mediated aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 3-11.
7. Bandura, A., & Walters, R. (1963). Social learning and personality development. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
8. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1173-1182.
9. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (1992, January). National update (Vol. 1). Washington, DC: Author.
10. Center for Media Literacy. (1995). Beyond blame - Challenging violence in the media. Los Angeles, CA: Author.
11. Coie, J. D., & Jacobs, M. R. (1993). The role of social context in the prevention of conduct disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 263-275.
12. Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 74-101.
13. Dishion, T. J., & Andrews, D. W. (1995). Preventing escalation in problem behaviors with high-risk young adolescents: Immediate and 1-year outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 538-548.
14. Dishion, T. J., Capaldi, D., Spracklen, K. M., & Li, F. (1995). Peer ecology of male adolescent drug use. Development and Psychology, 7, 803-824.
15. Dodge, K. A., & Frame, C. L. (1982). Social cognitive biases and deficits in aggressive boys. Child Development, 53, 620-635.
16. Dodge, K. A., Murphy, R. R., & Buchsbaum, K. C. (1984). The assessment of intention-cue detection skills in children: Implications for developmental psychology. Child Development, 55, 163-173.
17. Dodge, K. A., & Newman, J. P. (1981). Biased decisionmaking processes in aggressive boys. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 375-379.
18. Donnerstein, E., Slaby, R. G., & Eron, L. D. (1994). The mass media and youth aggression. In L. Eron, J. H. Gentry, & P. Schlegel (Eds.), Reason to hope: A psychosocial perspective on violence and youth (pp. 219-250). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
19. Elliott, D. S., Huizinga, D., & Ageton, S. S. (1985). Explaining delinquency and drug use. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
20. Eron, L. D. (1993). Testimony on behalf of the American Psychological Association before the joint hearings of the Subcommittee on the Constitution and the Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, concerning the implementation of the Television Program Improvement Act of 1990, May 21 and June 8, 1993.
21. Eron, L. D., Gentry, J. H., & Schlegel, P. (1994). (Eds.). Reason to hope: A psychosocial perspective on violence and youth. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
22. Eron, L. D., Huesmann, L. R., Lefkowitz, M. M., & Walder, L. O. (1972). Does television violence cause aggression? American Psychologist, 27, 253-620.
23. Fingerhut, L. A., & Kleinman, J. C. (1990). International and interstate comparisons of homicide among young males, Journal of the American Medical Association, 263(24), 3292-3295.
24. Fowler, M., & Brenner, D. (1982). A marketplace approach to broadcast regulation. Texas Law Review, 60, 207-257.
25. Freedman, J. L. (1984). Effect of television violence on aggressiveness. Psychological Bulletin, 96(2), 227-246.
26. Friedrich, L. K., & Stein, A. H. (1973). Aggressive and prosocial television programs and the natural behavior of preschool children. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 38(4, Serial No. 151).
27. Friedrich-Cofer, L., & Huston, A. C. (1986). Television violence and aggression: The debate continues. Psychological Bulletin, 25, 145-150.
28. Gerbner, G., & Signorielli, N. (1990). Violence profile, 1967 through 1988-89: Enduring patterns. Unpublished manuscript, University of Pennsylvania, Annenberg School of Communication.
29. Gouze, K. R. (1987). Attention and social problem solving as correlates of aggression in preschool males. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15, 181-197.
30. Guerra, N. J., & Slaby, R. G. (1989). Evaluative factors in social problem solving by aggressive boys. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17, 277-289.
31. Haddad, J. D., Barocas, R., & Hollenbeck, A. R. (1991). Family organization and parent attitudes of children with conduct disorder. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 20, 152-161.
32. Hawkins, J. D., Von Cleve, E., & Catalano, R. F. (1991). Reducing early childhood aggression: Result of a primary prevention program. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 208-217.
33. Heath, L., Bresolin, L. B., & Rinaldi, R. C. (1989). Effects of media violence on children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 376-379.
34. Heath, L., Kruttschnitt, C., & Ward, D. (1986). Television and violent criminal behavior: Beyond the Bobo doll. Violence and Victims, 1, 177-190.
35. Hearold, S. (1986). A synthesis of 1043 effects of television on social behavior. In G. Constock (Ed.), Public communication and behavior (Vol. 1; pp. 65-133). New York: Academic Press.
36. Hinshaw, S. P., Lahey, B. B., & Hart, E. (1993). Issues of taxonomy and comorbidity in the development of conduct disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 31-49.
37. Huesmann, L. R. (1986). Psychological processes promoting the relation between exposure to media violence and aggressive behavior by the viewer Journal of Social Issues, 42, 125-139.
38. Huesmann, L. R., Eron, L. D., Klein, R., Brice, P., & Fischer, P (1983). Mitigating the imitation of aggressive behavior by changing children's attitudes about media violence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 899-910.
39. Huesmann, L. R., Eron, L. D., Lefkowitz, M. M., & Walder, L. O. (1984). Stability of aggression over time and generations. Developmental Psychology, 20, 1120-1134.
40. Huesmann, L. R., Lagerspetz, K., & Eron, L. D. (1984). Intervening variables in the TV violence-aggression relation: Evidence from two countries. Developmental Psychology, 20, 746-775.
41. Huesmann, L. R., & Miller, S. (1994). Long-term effects of repeated exposure to media violence in childhood. In L. R. Huesmann (Ed.), Aggressive behavior: Current perspectives (pp. 153-186). New York: Plenum Press.
42. Hughes, J. N., & Cavell, T. A. (1995). Cognitive-affective approaches to enhancing competence in aggressive children. In G. Cartledge & J. F. Milburn (Eds.), Teaching sodal skills to children and youth (3rd ed.; pp. 199-236). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
43. Huston, A. C., Watkins, B. A., & Kunkel, D. (1989). Public policy and children's television. American Psychologist, 44, 424-433.
44. Institute of Medicine. (1994). Reducing risks for mental disorders: Frontiers for preventive intervention research Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
45. Josephson, W. L. (1987). Television violence and children's aggression: Testing the priming, social script, and disinhibition predictions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 882-889.
46. Kazdin, A. E. (1994). Interventions for aggressive and antisocial children. In L. D. Eron, J. H. Gentry, & P. Schlegel (Eds.), Reason to hope: A psychosocial perspective on violence and youth (pp. 341-382). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
47. Kazdin, A. E., Bass, D., Siegel, T., & Thomas, C. (1989). Cognitive-behavioral therapy and relationship therapy in the treatment of children referred for antisocial behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 522-535.
48. Kazdin, A. E., Siegel, T. C., & Bass, D. (1990). Drawing upon clinical practice to inform research on child and adolescent psychotherapy: A survey of practitioners. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21, 189-198.
49. Kazdin, A. E., Siegel, T. C., & Bass, D. (1992). Cognitive-problem solving skills training and parent management training in the treatment of antisocial behavior in children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 733-747.
50. Kunkel, D., & Murray, J. P. (1991). Television, children, and social policy: Issues and resources for child advocates. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 20, 88-93.
51. Lefkowitz, J. M., Eron, L. D., Walder, L. O., & Huesmann, L. R. (1977). Growing up to be violent: A longitudinal study of the development of aggression. New York: Pergamon.
52. Liebert, R. M., & Sprafkin, J. N. (1988). The early window: Effects of television on children and youth (3rd ed.). New York: Pergamon Press.
53. Lochman, J. E. (1992). Cognitive-behavioral intervention with aggressive boys: Three-year follow-up and preventive effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 426-432.
54. Lochman, J. E., & Curry, J. F. (1986). Effects of social problem-solving training and self-instructional training with aggressive boys. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 15, 159-164.
55. Lochman, J. E., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). Social-cognitive processes of severely violent, moderately aggressive, and nonaggressive boys. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 366-374.
56. Loeber, R. (1990). Development and risk factors of juvenile antisocial behavior and delinquency. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 1-42.
57. McAfee, B. (1994, October 5). Testimony on behalf of the American Medical Association before the hearings of the Subcommittee on Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations, House of Representatives.
58. McLeod, J., Atkin, C., & Chaffee, S. (1972). Adolescents, parents, and television use: Adolescent self-report measures from the Maryland and Wisconsin samples. In G. A. Comstock & E. A. Rubinstein (Eds.), Television and social behavior. Vol. 3: Television and adolescent aggressiveness (pp. 173-238). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
59. Murray, J. P. (1994). Impact of televised violence. Hofstra Law Review, 21(2), 256-264.
60. Murray, J. P. (1995). Children and television violence. Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy, 4, 7-14.
61. Murray, J. P., & Kippax, S. (1981). From the early window to the late night show: International trends in the study of television's impact on children and adults. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 4; pp. 253-320). New York: Academic Press.
62. National Institute of Mental Health. (1982). Television and behavior: Ten years of scientific progress and implications for the eighties (Vol. 1: Summary report). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
63. Olweus, D. (1979). The stability of aggressive reaction patterns in human males: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 852-875.
64. Olweus, D. (1991). Bully-victim problems among school children: Basic facts and effects of a school-based intervention program. In D. J Pepler & K. H. Rubin (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 411-448). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
65. Paik, H., & Comstock, G. (1994). The effects of television violence on antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis. Communication Research, 21(4), 516-546.
66. Patterson, G. K., Reid, J. B., & Dishion, T. J. (1992). Antisocial boys. Eugene, OR: Castalia Publishing Company.
67. Pearl, D., Bouthilet, L., & Lazar, J. B. (1982). Television and behavior: Ten years of scientific progress and implications for the eighties (Vol. 2: Technical reviews). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
68. Perry, P. G., Perry, L. C., & Rasmussen, P. (1986). Cognitive social learning mediators of aggression. Child Development, 57, 700-711.
69. Reid, J. B. (1993). Prevention of conduct disorder before and after school entry: Relating interventions to developmental findings. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 243-262.
70. Richters, J. E., & Cicchetti, D. (1993). Mark Twain meets DSM-III-R: Conduct disorder, development, and the concept of harmful dysfunction. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 5-29.
71. Ridley-Johnson, R., Surdy, T., & O'Laughlin, E. (1991). Parent survey on television violence viewing: Fear, aggression, and sex differences. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 12, 63-71.
72. Robins, L. N. (1966). Deviant children grown up. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
73. Robins, L. N. (1979). Follow-up studies. In H. C. Quay & J. S. Werry (Eds.), Psychopathological disorders of childhood (pp. 483-513). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
74. Sheehan, P. W. (1983). Age trends and the correlates of children's television viewing. Australian Journal of Psychology, 35, 417-431.
75. Singer, J. L., Singer, D. G., & Rapaczynski, W. (1984), Family patterns and television viewing as predictors of children's beliefs and aggression. Journal of Communication, 34, 73-89.
76. Singer, D. G., Singer, J., & Zuckerman, D. M. (1981). Getting the most out of TV Santa Monica, CA: Goodyear Publishing Co.
77. Slaby, R. G., & Guerra, N. G. (1988). Cognitive mediators of aggression in adolescent offenders. 1. Assessment. Developmental Psychology, 24, 580-588.
78. Stein, A. H., & Friedrich, L. K. (1975). Impact of television on children and youth. In E. M. Hetherington (Ed.), Review of child development research (Vol. 5; pp. 183-256). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
79. Steinberg, M. D., & Dodge, K. A. (1983). Attributional bias in aggressive adolescent boys and girls. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 1, 312-321.
80. Surgeon General's Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior. (1972). Television and growing-up: The impact of television violence. (Report to the Surgeon General, U.S. Public Health Service). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
81. Thomas, M. J., & Drabman, R. S. (1975). Toleration of real life aggression as a function of exposure to televised violence and age of subject. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 21, 227-232.
82. Tremblay, R. E., Kurtz, L. P., Masse, L. C., Vitaro, F., & Phil, R. O. (1995). A bimodal preventive intervention for disruptive kindergarten boys: Its impact through mid-adolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 560-568.
83. U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1994). Uniform Crime Reports. Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
84. Watkins, B. (1987). Improving educational and informational television for children: When the marketplace fails. Yale Law & Policy Review, 5, 345-381.
85. Wetzel, R. (1989, Winter). School crime: Annual statistical snapshot. School Safety, p. 8.
86. White, N. (1980). Inside television: A guide to critical viewing. Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books.
87. Widom, C. S. (1992, October). The cycle of violence. National Institute of Justice: Research in Brief, pp. 1-4.
88. Williams, T. M. (1986). The impact of television: A natural experiment in three communities. New York: Academic Press.
89. Wood, W., Wong, F. Y., & Chachere, J. G. (1991). Effects of media violence on viewers' aggression in unconstrained social interaction. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 371-383.
90. WNET. (1980). Critical television viewing: A language skills work-a-text. New York: Globe Book Co.
91. Zillmann, D., Bryant, J., & Huston, A. C. (Eds.). (1994). Media, children, and the family: Social scientific, psychodynamic, and clinical perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.