Pedagogy, power, and discourse: Transformation of Islamic education

Comparative Education Review

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 66-82

  Talbani, Aziz ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030548989     PISSN: 00104086     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/447356     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Clifford Geertz, Islam Observed: Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971), p. 14.
2. Michel Foucault, Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-1977, ed. and trans. Colin Gordon (Sussex: Harvester, 1980), p. 131.
3. Michel Foucault, "The Subject and Power," in Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics, ed. H. L. Dreyfus and P. Rainbow (Brighton: Harvester, 1982), p. 101.
4. Foucault, Power/Knowledge, p. 131.
5. Ibid., p. 132.
6. Ibid., p. 33.
7. Stephen J. Ball, ed., Foucault and Education: Disciplines and Knowledge (London and New York: Routledge, 1990), p. 3.
8. Michel Foucault, L'ordre du discours (Paris: Gallimard, 1971), p. 46.
9. Basil Bernstein, "On the Classification and Framing of Educational Knowledge," in Knowledge and Control, ed. Michael Young (London: Collier Macmillan, 1987), p. 47.
10. S. H. Nasr, Islamic Life and Thought (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1981), p. 49.
11. Jean Jolivet, "The Development of Philosophical Thought in Islam: Its Relationship with Islam up to Avicenna," in Islam, Philosophy and Science (Paris: Unesco, 1981), p. 40.
12. George Makdisi, The Rise of Colleges: Institutions of Learning in Islam (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1981).
13. A. S. Tritton, Materials on Muslim Education in the Middle Ages (London: Luzac, 1957).
14. J. Pedersen and G. Makdisi, "Madrasa," in Encyclopaedia of Islam, new ed. (Leiden: Brill, 1960-[94]), 5:1123-27.
15. Makdisi, Rise of Colleges, pp. 281-82.
16. Pedersen and Makdisi, pp. 1123-24.
17. Ibid.
18. G. E. Von Grunebaum, Islam: Essays in the Nature and Growth of a Cultural Tradition (Menasha: American Anthropological Association, 1955), p. 114.
19. Ibid., p. 118.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. J. Pedersen, "Some Aspects of the History of the Madrasah," Islamic Culture 3, no. 4 (1929): 525-37, at 528.
23. M. H. Al-Afendi and N. A. Baloch, Curriculum and Teacher Education (Jeddah: Hodder & Stoughton, 1980), p. 16.
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25. H. Nashabi, "Educational Institutions," in The Islamic City, ed. R. B. Serjeant (Paris: Unesco, 1980), p. 85.
26. Ibid., p. 87.
27. George Makdisi, "Muslim Institutions of Learning in Eleventh Century Baghdad," Bulletin of Oriental and African Studies 24, no. 2 (1961): 1-56, at 55.
28. Marshal Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, vol. 1 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974).
29. S. N. Eisenstadt, Tradition, Change and Modernity (New York: Wiley, 1973), p. 25.
30. A. L. Tibawi, Islamic Education: Its Traditions and Modernization into the Arab National Systems (London: Luzac, 1972), p. 192.
31. W. C. Smith, Modern Islam in India: A Social Analysis (New York: AMS, 1974).
32. Wafaq El-Madaris, Wafaq al Madaris al-Arabiyya Pakistan: Introduction, Constitution and Its Courses of Study (Multan: al-Maktab al-Raisil Wafaq al-Madaris al-Arabiyya, n.d.), pp. 1-2.
33. M. Y. Benori, Dalil Jamia al-Ulum al-Islamiyya (in Arabic) (Karach:. Jamia al-Ulum al-lslamiyya, 1984), p. 4.
34. E. I. J. Rosenthal, Islam in the Modern National State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965), p. 349. See also Anita M. Weiss, ed., Islamic Reassertion in Pakistan: The Application of Islamic Laws in a Modern State (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1986).
35. E. I. J. Rosenthal, Islam in the Modern National State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965), p. 349. See also Anita M. Weiss, ed., Islamic Reassertion in Pakistan: The Application of Islamic Laws in a Modern State (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1986).
36. Parveen Shahid, Implementation of National Education Policies (Islamabad: Academy of Educational Planning and Management, 1985), p. 10.
37. U.S. Government, Area Handbook for Pakistan (Washington, D.C.: Foreign Areas Studies Division, 1965), p. 203.
38. Government of Pakistan, Report of the Commission on Education (Karachi: Government of Pakistan, 1960).
39. M. Geijbels, "Pakistan, Islamisation and the Christian Minority in the Islamic State of Pakistan," Al-Mushir (The Counsellor) 21, no. 2 (1979): 31-51, at 41.
40. Ibid., p. 46.
41. Ahmad Hasan Dani, "Educational Progress in Pakistan: Challenge and Response (1947-1985)," in Bulletin of Unesco Regional Office for Education in Asia and Pacific no. 27 (Hong Kong: Unesco, 1986), p. 64.
42. P. Hoodbhoy and A. Nayyar, "Rewriting the History of Pakistan," in Islam, Politics and the State, ed. Asghar Khan (London: Zed Books, 1985), p. 164.
43. A. A. Engineer, "Islam and Reformation," Islam and the Modern Age 9, no. 1 (1978): 86-95; W. M. Watt, "Cultural Clashes in a 'Perfect' World: The Challenge of Progressive Ideas to the Islamic World," Times Higher Education Supplement (June 13, 1986), p. 13A.
44. A. A. Engineer, "Islam and Reformation," Islam and the Modern Age 9, no. 1 (1978): 86-95; W. M. Watt, "Cultural Clashes in a 'Perfect' World: The Challenge of Progressive Ideas to the Islamic World," Times Higher Education Supplement (June 13, 1986), p. 13A.
45. Albert Hourani, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), p. 83.
46. Pervez Hoodbhoy, "Ideological Problems for Science in Pakistan," in Islam, Politics and the State, ed. Asghar Khan (London: Zed Books, 1985), p. 174.
47. Zial Haq, "Islamisation of Society in Pakistan," in Islam, Politics and the State, ed. Asghar Khan (London: Zed Books, 1985).
48. A. R. S. Abdullah, Educational Theory: A Qur'anic Outlook (Makkah: Umm ul-Qura University, n.d.), p. 83.
49. A. L. Tibawi, "Philosophy of Muslim Education," Islamic Quarterly 4, no. 2 (July 1957): 78-89.
50. Maryam Jameelah, Modern Technology and the Dehumanisation of Man (Lahore: El-Matbaat ul-Arabia, 1983), p. 8.
51. S. S. Hussain and A. A. Ashraf, Crisis in Muslim Education (Jeddah: King Abdul Aziz University/ Hodder & Stoughton, 1979).
52. Ibid.
53. Abdullah (n. 46 above), p. 35.
54. Engineer; Watt (both cited in n. 42 above).
55. Watt, p. 13.
56. Jameelah, Modern Technology and the Dehumanisation of Man, p. 8. See also, by the same author, Islam and Western Society: A Refutation of the Modern Way of Life (Lahore: Mohammed Yusuf Khan, 1976).
57. Jameelah, Modern Technology and the Dehumanisation of Man, p. 8. See also, by the same author, Islam and Western Society: A Refutation of the Modern Way of Life (Lahore: Mohammed Yusuf Khan, 1976).
58. G. N. Saqeb, "Modernisation of Muslim Society and Education: Need for a Practical Approach," in Education and Society in the Muslim World, ed. M. W. Khan (London and Jeddah: Hodder & Stoughton and King Abdul Aziz University, 1981), pp. 48-49. See also Hussain and Ashraf (n. 49 above), p. 59.
59. G. N. Saqeb, "Modernisation of Muslim Society and Education: Need for a Practical Approach," in Education and Society in the Muslim World, ed. M. W. Khan (London and Jeddah: Hodder & Stoughton and King Abdul Aziz University, 1981), pp. 48-49. See also Hussain and Ashraf (n. 49 above), p. 59.
60. A. Maudoodi, Talimat (Lahore: Islamic Publications, n.d.), p. 20.
61. Ibid.
62. Hoodbhoy, "Ideological Problems for Science in Pakistan" (n. 44 above), p. 183.
63. Maudoodi, p. 93.
64. Watt, p. 13.
65. Hoodbhoy, "Ideological Problems for Science in Pakistan," p. 190.
66. Paul Hurst, "Critical Education and Islamic Culture," in Cultural Identity and Educational Policy, ed. Colin Brock and Witold Tulasiewicz (London: Croom Helm, 1985), pp. 1-2.
67. K. R. Popper, "Normal Science and Its Dangers," in Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, ed. I. Lakatos and A. Musgraw (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), p. 281.
68. J. W. N. Watkins, "Against 'Normal Science,'" in Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, ed. I. Lakatos and A. Musgraw (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), p. 29.
69. Hoodbhoy and Nayyar (n. 41 above), p. 165.
70. Qutubuddin Khan, Social Studies, bk. 5 (Karachi: Rehber Publishers, n.d.), p. 1.
71. Hoodbhoy, "Ideological Problems for Science in Pakistan," p. 174.
72. Rafi Raza, "The Continuous Process of Rewriting the Constitution," in Pakistan in Its Fourth Decade, ed. Wolfgang-Peter Zungel and Stephanie Zingel-Ave Lallemant (Hamburg: Deutsches Orient-Institut, 1983), p. 9.
73. Abbas Rashid, "Pakistan: The Ideological Dimension," in Islam, Politics and the State, ed. Asghar Khan (London: Zed Books, 1985), p. 81.
74. M. D. Zafar, Pakistan Studies for Medical Students (Lahore: Aziz, 1982), p. 147.
75. Quoted in Hoodbhoy, "Ideological Problems for Science in Pakistan," p. 173.
76. Pervez Hoodbhoy, Muslims and Science: Religious Orthodoxy and the Struggle for Rationality (Lahore: Vanguard, 1991), p. 50.
77. Rafique Zakaria, The Struggle within Islam: The Conflict between Religion and Politics (New York: Penguin, 1989).
78. In 1948, Urdu was made the national language and the medium of instruction in public schools. For a further discussion on the increasing popularity of English-medium schools, see Hoodbhoy, Muslims and Science.