The left's advance in Italy

New Left Review

Volumn , Issue 217, 1996, Pages 123-130

  Abse, Tobias ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0030548927     PISSN: 00286060     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. The voting figures for the Westminster-style constituency section of the Camera dei Deputati are worth noting: Ulivo 15,729,124, Polo 15,028,275. The Progressisti -Rifondazione candidates unchallenged by Ulivo as a result of the electoral pact - got a further 1,000,244 votes. Il Manifesto, 24 April 1996, p. 9.
2. International Herald Tribune, 29 April 1996.
3. 'Italy's Baby Blair: Interview with Walter Veltroni', Prospect, April 1996, pp. 64-7. Furthermore, in an interview with La Repubblica on 23 April, he explicitly stated that his reference points were Clinton and Blair.
4. La Repubblica, 23 April 1996.
5. La Repubblica, 3 May 1996.
6. Lucio Magri, 'The Resistible Rise of the Italian Right', NLR 214, pp. 125-33.
7. 'Belle notizie per l'Europa!' (interview with Henri Weber), Il Manifesto, 24 April 1996. For a lively discussion about the seriousness or otherwise of these dangers, see Rosanna Rossanda, 'Penombra', Il Manifesto, 27 October 1995; Perry Anderson, 'Fantasmi', Il Manifesto, 1 November 1995; Rosanna Rossanda, 'Caro Perry', Il Manifesto, 10 November 1995; and Perry Anderson, 'Il fantasma della destra eversiva', Il Manifesto, 30 November 1995.
8. 'Belle notizie per l'Europa!' (interview with Henri Weber), Il Manifesto, 24 April 1996. For a lively discussion about the seriousness or otherwise of these dangers, see Rosanna Rossanda, 'Penombra', Il Manifesto, 27 October 1995; Perry Anderson, 'Fantasmi', Il Manifesto, 1 November 1995; Rosanna Rossanda, 'Caro Perry', Il Manifesto, 10 November 1995; and Perry Anderson, 'Il fantasma della destra eversiva', Il Manifesto, 30 November 1995.
9. 'Belle notizie per l'Europa!' (interview with Henri Weber), Il Manifesto, 24 April 1996. For a lively discussion about the seriousness or otherwise of these dangers, see Rosanna Rossanda, 'Penombra', Il Manifesto, 27 October 1995; Perry Anderson, 'Fantasmi', Il Manifesto, 1 November 1995; Rosanna Rossanda, 'Caro Perry', Il Manifesto, 10 November 1995; and Perry Anderson, 'Il fantasma della destra eversiva', Il Manifesto, 30 November 1995.
10. 'Belle notizie per l'Europa!' (interview with Henri Weber), Il Manifesto, 24 April 1996. For a lively discussion about the seriousness or otherwise of these dangers, see Rosanna Rossanda, 'Penombra', Il Manifesto, 27 October 1995; Perry Anderson, 'Fantasmi', Il Manifesto, 1 November 1995; Rosanna Rossanda, 'Caro Perry', Il Manifesto, 10 November 1995; and Perry Anderson, 'Il fantasma della destra eversiva', Il Manifesto, 30 November 1995.
11. 'Belle notizie per l'Europa!' (interview with Henri Weber), Il Manifesto, 24 April 1996. For a lively discussion about the seriousness or otherwise of these dangers, see Rosanna Rossanda, 'Penombra', Il Manifesto, 27 October 1995; Perry Anderson, 'Fantasmi', Il Manifesto, 1 November 1995; Rosanna Rossanda, 'Caro Perry', Il Manifesto, 10 November 1995; and Perry Anderson, 'Il fantasma della destra eversiva', Il Manifesto, 30 November 1995.
12. The Guardian, 18 April 1996.
13. Patrick McCarthy, The Crisis of the Italian State: From the Origins of the Cold War to the Fall of Berlusconi, London 1995, pp. 181-283. For a more robust assessment of Berlusconi and Forza Italia, see Matt Frei, Italy: The Unfinished Revolution, London 1996, pp. 214-45. Joseph Farrell, 'Berlusconi and Forza Italia: New Force for Old?', Modern Italy, Autumn 1995, pp. 40-52, also argues that Forza Italia 'has an in-built democratic deficit'.
14. Patrick McCarthy, The Crisis of the Italian State: From the Origins of the Cold War to the Fall of Berlusconi, London 1995, pp. 181-283. For a more robust assessment of Berlusconi and Forza Italia, see Matt Frei, Italy: The Unfinished Revolution, London 1996, pp. 214-45. Joseph Farrell, 'Berlusconi and Forza Italia: New Force for Old?', Modern Italy, Autumn 1995, pp. 40-52, also argues that Forza Italia 'has an in-built democratic deficit'.
15. Patrick McCarthy, The Crisis of the Italian State: From the Origins of the Cold War to the Fall of Berlusconi, London 1995, pp. 181-283. For a more robust assessment of Berlusconi and Forza Italia, see Matt Frei, Italy: The Unfinished Revolution, London 1996, pp. 214-45. Joseph Farrell, 'Berlusconi and Forza Italia: New Force for Old?', Modern Italy, Autumn 1995, pp. 40-52, also argues that Forza Italia 'has an in-built democratic deficit'.
16. AN only got 11 per cent in the north, as against 22.3 per cent in the centre, 19.2 per cent in the south and 13.5 per cent in the islands. Forza Italia got 22.3 per cent to AN's 19.2 per cent in the south; obviously there were regional variations in the parties' positions.
17. Massimo D'Alema, interview in La Repubblica, 23 AprilL 1996. This elliptical formulation confirmed his earlier, more explicit, statement in an interview with L'Unità, 13 April 1996: 'And the reforms will be made together. We have found a good agreement, the direct election of the Head of State that they wanted and the two-round voting system that we wanted. Unlike Berlusconi, I stick to my word.'
18. 'Italian Radicals', The Times, 18 April 1996; 'Left Over Italy', The Times, 23 April 1996. The editorials' slant differed markedly from that apparent in the informative articles written by both John Phillips and Richard Owen, the two successive Rome correspondents over the last few months, suggesting the involvement of Murdoch in Citizen Kane mode. As for Fini, he was fondly described as 'the talented young leader' and 'the coming man of Italian politics' in The Times for 18 April 1996. 'Neo, post, crypto, quasi ... the fact is that the party that was founded in 1948 to carry the torch of fascism into the future still clings to the man who inspired it.' Matt Frei, Italy, p. 202, is the crispest expression of the non-Murdochian consensus.
19. 'Italian Radicals', The Times, 18 April 1996; 'Left Over Italy', The Times, 23 April 1996. The editorials' slant differed markedly from that apparent in the informative articles written by both John Phillips and Richard Owen, the two successive Rome correspondents over the last few months, suggesting the involvement of Murdoch in Citizen Kane mode. As for Fini, he was fondly described as 'the talented young leader' and 'the coming man of Italian politics' in The Times for 18 April 1996. 'Neo, post, crypto, quasi ... the fact is that the party that was founded in 1948 to carry the torch of fascism into the future still clings to the man who inspired it.' Matt Frei, Italy, p. 202, is the crispest expression of the non-Murdochian consensus.
20. 'Italian Radicals', The Times, 18 April 1996; 'Left Over Italy', The Times, 23 April 1996. The editorials' slant differed markedly from that apparent in the informative articles written by both John Phillips and Richard Owen, the two successive Rome correspondents over the last few months, suggesting the involvement of Murdoch in Citizen Kane mode. As for Fini, he was fondly described as 'the talented young leader' and 'the coming man of Italian politics' in The Times for 18 April 1996. 'Neo, post, crypto, quasi ... the fact is that the party that was founded in 1948 to carry the torch of fascism into the future still clings to the man who inspired it.' Matt Frei, Italy, p. 202, is the crispest expression of the non-Murdochian consensus.
21. It was 13.7 per cent as against 6.2 per cent in 1994. Rifondazione's highest vote in an industrial city was the 14.7 per cent it achieved in Livorno whilst its highest votes in small towns were achieved in the Versilia-Viareggio, 17.1 per cent, Carrara, 17 per cent, Massa, 16.3 per cent. For the Communist campaign against FIAT's use of spies amongst the workforce of its Torinese factories, see Liberazione, 16, 17 and 19 April 1996, especially the 17 April issue.
22. Prodi was generally believed to be the winner in the 12 April television debate with Berlusconi; even La Stampa called it a draw, whilst the 19 April debate was universally regarded as a draw.
23. For an implicit agenda, see Michele Salvati's modernization programme outlined in 'The Crisis of Government in Italy', NLR 213, pp. 76-95.