Passing the Baton: Transformational political leadership from Gorbachev to Yeltsin; from de Klerk to Mandela

Political Psychology

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 1-28

  Glad, Betty ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030544341     PISSN: 0162895X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3791941     Document Type: Article

References (157)

1. The ANC on the Road to Power, (1994). The Economist, 19 Aug., 50.
2. Arbatov, G.A. (1992), The system: An insider's life in Soviet politics, 1st ed. New York: Times Books.
3. Arendt, H. (1986). The totalitarian leader. In B. Kellerman (Ed.), Political leadership: A source book. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
4. Associated Press, (1990). Gorbachev, Rival Form Committee to Speed Up Economic Reforms, The State, 2 Aug.
5. Bailer, S. & Mandelbaum, R. (Eds.) (1988). Gorbachev's Russia and American foreign policy. Boulder: Westview Press.
6. Barringer, F. (1988). Soviet Ousts Yeltsin From Ruling Body, New York Times, 19 Feb., 4.
7. Bass, B.M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectation. New York: Free Press.
8. Bauman, Z. (1994). A revolution in the theory of revolutions. International Political Science Review, 15.
9. Benson, M. (1986). Nelson Mandela: The man and the movement. New York: Norton & Company.
10. Bogardus, E. (1934). Leaders and leadership. New York: D. Appleton-Century Co.
11. Bogert, C. (1990). Yeltsin on the Record. Newsweek, 23 July.
12. Bohlen, C. (1991). The Union is Buried. What's Being Born. New York Times, 9 Dec., A1.
13. Bohlen, C. (1992a). Gorbachev Assails Yeltsin's Rule In Sharpest Attack Since Quitting, New York Times, 31 May.
14. Bohlen, C. (1992b). In Bout with Yeltsin, Gorbachev Loses Office Space. New York Times, 9 Oct.
15. Bohlen, C. (1993a). For Moscow, a Sigh of Relief Replaces Feelings of Outrage. New York Times, 5 Oct.
16. Bohlen, C. (1993b). Two Survivors Describe Euphoria and the Fear. New York Times, 6 Oct.
17. Bohlen, C. (1993c). Russia in Mourning for Moscow Dead. New York Times, 8 Oct.
18. Bonet, P. (1993). Figures in a red landscape. Translated by Norman Thomas di Giovanni and S. Ashe, Baltimore: Woodrow Wilson Center Press/Johns Hopkins University Press.
19. Boris Yeltsin slept...where? (1994). The State, 30 Oct.
20. Boudreaux, R. (1993). Russia: The Ultranationalist Movement Vies For First Place With the President's Supporters in a Light Turnout. Los Angeles Times, 13 Dec.
21. Brumberg, A. (1990). The turning point. New York Review of Books, 28 June, 52-59.
22. Burns, J.M. (1978). Leadership, New York: Harper & Row.
23. Charney, C. (1987). The National Party,1982-1985. In W. James (Ed.) The state of apartheid. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
24. Chiesa, G. (1990). Transition to democracy in the USSR: Ending the monopoly of power and the evolution of new political forces, Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.
25. Clines, F. (1990a). Challengers New and Old Nip at Gorbachev's Heels. New York Times, 19 June.
26. Clines, F. (1990b). Russian Party Elects Hard-Liner; Gorbachev to Keep Political Post. New York Times, 24 June.
27. Clines, F. (1990c). The Politics of Organization and Ennui: A Soviet Study in Red and Gray. New York Times, 3 July.
28. Clines, F. (1991). Yeltsin, Criticizing Failures, Insists that Gorbachev Quit. New York Times, 20 Feb.: A9.
29. Clines, F. (1992). Ex-Backer of Yeltsin Now Attacks Him. New York Times, 14 Jan.: A3.
30. Conger, J. (1988). Charismatic leadership: The elusive factor in organizational effectiveness. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
31. Congress of the Dead. (1990). Newsweek, 23 July.
32. Contreras, J. (1993). Keeper of the conscience. Newsweek, 8 Feb., 41.
33. Dahlburg, J. (1989). Soviet Congress Gives Party Critic Seat with Gorbachev's Approval. The State, 30 May.
34. Dahlburg, J. (1992). Gorbachev's Travel Limited Until He Testifies. Los Angeles Times, 3 Oct.
35. Davis, S. (1987). Apartheid's rebels: Inside South Africa's hidden war. New Haven: Yale University Press.
36. De Klerk, F.W. (1990). Johannesburg City Press, 23 Sept., 8. In FBIS, 27 Sept., 6.
37. De Klerk, F.W. (1990). Johannesburg City Press, 23 Sept., 8. In FBIS, 27 Sept., 6.
38. Dobbs, M. (1990a). Yeltsin Quits Communist Party. Washington Post, 13 July, A15.
39. Dobbs, M. (1990b). Soviets Weaken Party Politburo. Washington Post, 15 July, A1.
40. Dobbs, M. (1990c). Gorbachev Buys Time to Reload. Washington Post, 15 July, A1.
41. Doder, D. & Branson, L. (1990). Gorbachev: heretic in the kremlin, New York: Viking.
42. Dunlop, J. (1993). The rise of Russia and the fall of the Soviet empire. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
43. Efron, S. (1993). Constitution Vulnerable After Tepid Turnout. Los Angeles Times, 13 Dec.
44. Erlanger, S. (1992a). Yeltsin's Gamble: Force the Issue. New York Times, 21 Sept.
45. Erlanger, S. (1992b). Yeltsin Transfers Gorbachev Foundation Property. New York Times, 8 Oct.
46. Erlanger, S. (1994). Leading Reformer Resigns as Yeltsin Picks New Cabinet. New York Times, 21 Jan., A1.
47. Etzioni, A. (1964). Modern organizations. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
48. FBIS. (Foreign Broadcast Information Service). (1985). Excerpts, Summaries from Soviet Press "Candidate Gorbachev Addresses Kiyevskiy Voters," 21 Feb.
49. FBIS. (Foreign Broadcast Information Service). (1986): "Gorbachev Tours Kuybyshev, Meets with People," 8 April. "Further on Kuybshev Meetings," 10 April.
50. FBIS. (Foreign Broadcast Information Service). (1986): "Gorbachev Tours Kuybyshev, Meets with People," 8 April. "Further on Kuybshev Meetings," 10 April.
51. FBIS. (Foreign Broadcast Information Service). (1987). Excerpts, Summaries from Soviet Press: "Gorbachev Begins Tour of Baltic Republics," 19 Feb; "Gorbachev's Activities in Latvia 18 February," 24 Feb.; "Local Elections Held as Scheduled June 21, " 22 June; "Gorbachev Talks with Zelenograd Citizens," 30 July; "Pravada Reports Gorbachev Ramenskiy Rayon Visit" 10 Aug.; "Further Reportage on Gorbachev Visit," 1 Oct.; "Further Report on Gorbachev in Leningrad," 14 Oct. "Press Reports Shipyard Visit," 16 Oct.
52. FBIS. (Foreign Broadcast Information Service). (1987). Excerpts, Summaries from Soviet Press: "Gorbachev Begins Tour of Baltic Republics," 19 Feb; "Gorbachev's Activities in Latvia 18 February," 24 Feb.; "Local Elections Held as Scheduled June 21, " 22 June; "Gorbachev Talks with Zelenograd Citizens," 30 July; "Pravada Reports Gorbachev Ramenskiy Rayon Visit" 10 Aug.; "Further Reportage on Gorbachev Visit," 1 Oct.; "Further Report on Gorbachev in Leningrad," 14 Oct. "Press Reports Shipyard Visit," 16 Oct.
53. FBIS. (Foreign Broadcast Information Service). (1987). Excerpts, Summaries from Soviet Press: "Gorbachev Begins Tour of Baltic Republics," 19 Feb; "Gorbachev's Activities in Latvia 18 February," 24 Feb.; "Local Elections Held as Scheduled June 21, " 22 June; "Gorbachev Talks with Zelenograd Citizens," 30 July; "Pravada Reports Gorbachev Ramenskiy Rayon Visit" 10 Aug.; "Further Reportage on Gorbachev Visit," 1 Oct.; "Further Report on Gorbachev in Leningrad," 14 Oct. "Press Reports Shipyard Visit," 16 Oct.
54. FBIS. (Foreign Broadcast Information Service). (1987). Excerpts, Summaries from Soviet Press: "Gorbachev Begins Tour of Baltic Republics," 19 Feb; "Gorbachev's Activities in Latvia 18 February," 24 Feb.; "Local Elections Held as Scheduled June 21, " 22 June; "Gorbachev Talks with Zelenograd Citizens," 30 July; "Pravada Reports Gorbachev Ramenskiy Rayon Visit" 10 Aug.; "Further Reportage on Gorbachev Visit," 1 Oct.; "Further Report on Gorbachev in Leningrad," 14 Oct. "Press Reports Shipyard Visit," 16 Oct.
55. FBIS. (Foreign Broadcast Information Service). (1987). Excerpts, Summaries from Soviet Press: "Gorbachev Begins Tour of Baltic Republics," 19 Feb; "Gorbachev's Activities in Latvia 18 February," 24 Feb.; "Local Elections Held as Scheduled June 21, " 22 June; "Gorbachev Talks with Zelenograd Citizens," 30 July; "Pravada Reports Gorbachev Ramenskiy Rayon Visit" 10 Aug.; "Further Reportage on Gorbachev Visit," 1 Oct.; "Further Report on Gorbachev in Leningrad," 14 Oct. "Press Reports Shipyard Visit," 16 Oct.
56. FBIS. (Foreign Broadcast Information Service). (1987). Excerpts, Summaries from Soviet Press: "Gorbachev Begins Tour of Baltic Republics," 19 Feb; "Gorbachev's Activities in Latvia 18 February," 24 Feb.; "Local Elections Held as Scheduled June 21, " 22 June; "Gorbachev Talks with Zelenograd Citizens," 30 July; "Pravada Reports Gorbachev Ramenskiy Rayon Visit" 10 Aug.; "Further Reportage on Gorbachev Visit," 1 Oct.; "Further Report on Gorbachev in Leningrad," 14 Oct. "Press Reports Shipyard Visit," 16 Oct.
57. FBIS. (Foreign Broadcast Information Service). (1987). Excerpts, Summaries from Soviet Press: "Gorbachev Begins Tour of Baltic Republics," 19 Feb; "Gorbachev's Activities in Latvia 18 February," 24 Feb.; "Local Elections Held as Scheduled June 21, " 22 June; "Gorbachev Talks with Zelenograd Citizens," 30 July; "Pravada Reports Gorbachev Ramenskiy Rayon Visit" 10 Aug.; "Further Reportage on Gorbachev Visit," 1 Oct.; "Further Report on Gorbachev in Leningrad," 14 Oct. "Press Reports Shipyard Visit," 16 Oct.
58. FBIS. (Foreign Broadcast Information Service). (1987). Excerpts, Summaries from Soviet Press: "Gorbachev Begins Tour of Baltic Republics," 19 Feb; "Gorbachev's Activities in Latvia 18 February," 24 Feb.; "Local Elections Held as Scheduled June 21, " 22 June; "Gorbachev Talks with Zelenograd Citizens," 30 July; "Pravada Reports Gorbachev Ramenskiy Rayon Visit" 10 Aug.; "Further Reportage on Gorbachev Visit," 1 Oct.; "Further Report on Gorbachev in Leningrad," 14 Oct. "Press Reports Shipyard Visit," 16 Oct.
59. Felshman, N. (1992). Gorbachev, Yeltsin and the last days of the Soviet empire. New York: St. Martin's.
60. Finifter, A. & Mickiewicz, E. (1992) Redefining the political system of the USSR: Mass support for political change. American Political Science Review, 86, 857-874.
61. Friedman, T. (1990). US Shows Doubts About Gorbachev and Future Pacts. New York Times, 13 May, A1.
62. Gastrow, S. (Ed.) (1990) Frederick Willem de Klerk. In Who's Who in South African Politics, 3rd ed.
63. Geldenhuys, D. and Kotze, H. (1991). F.W. de Klerk: A study in political leadership. Politikon, 19.
64. Geldenhuys D. and Kotze, H. (1992) Frederik Willem de Klerk. In H. Glickman (Ed.) Political leaders of contemporary Africa South of the Sahara. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
65. Glad B. (1991a). The psychological roots of Gorbachev's performance as leader of the Soviet Union. Paper delivered at the meeting of the International Society for Political Psychology, Helsinki, Finland.
66. Glad, B. (1991b). Video Tape of Cable News Network (CNN) broadcast of the 23 Aug. session of the Russian Parliament.
67. Glad, B., Berthusen-Gottlick, J., & Moore, R. (1991). Beyond GRIT: Gorbachev's Approach to Arms Limitation: 1985-1988. Paper delivered at the International Political Science Association meetings in Buenos Aires.
68. Glad, B. & Blanton, R. (1994). "Cooperative Transformational Leadership in South Africa: The Policies, Strategies and Personal Characteristics of F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela." Paper presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association.
69. Glad, B. and Garrison, J. (forthcoming). Ronald Reagan and the Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty: Whatever Happened to the Evil Empire? In N. Datlof & A. Urinsky, Alexei (Eds.) Ronald W. Reagan, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
70. Gorbachev Appeals for Unity, (1990). The State, 3 July.
71. Gorbachev, M. (1985a). Interview with the editors of Pravda in Pravda, 8 April, 1st ed., 1.
72. Gorbachev, M. (1985b). Interview with Time Magazine, printed in Pravda, 1 Sept., 1st ed., 1-2.
73. Gorbachev, M. (1987a). Excerpts from . . . Talk at Party Plenum. New York Times, 28 Jan., A8.
74. Gorbachev, M. (1987b). Perestroika: New thinking for our country and the world. New York: Harper & Rowe.
75. Gorbachev, M. (1987c). Gorbachev: Mandate for peace. New York: Paper Jacks Publishing.
76. Gorbachev, M. (1988). Ideology of Renewal In Perestroika. New York Times, 9 Feb.
77. Hazan, B. (1990). Gorbachev and his enemies: the struggle for perestroika. Boulder: Westview Press.
78. Hiatt, Fred, (1994). Cabinet Conflict Sends Ruble Tumbling. Washington Post, 20 Jan., A18.
79. Hitchings, T.E. (Ed.) (1990). Facts on File, New York: Facts on File, Inc.
80. Hitchings, T.E. (Ed.) (1993). Facts on File. New York: Facts on File, Inc.
81. Hitchings, T.E. (Ed.) (1994). Facts on File. New York: Facts on File, Inc.
82. Immelman, A. (1994). A millon-based study of political personality: Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk: Part two - further results and implications. Unpublished manuscript.
83. James, W. (1986). Great men and their environment. In B. Kellerman, Political Leadership. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
84. Keller, B. (1989a). In Soviet, Party Officials Rage At Changes under Gorbachev. New York Times, 28 April, 1.
85. Keller, B. (1989b). Moscow Maverick in Shift, Is Seated in Supreme Soviet. New York Times, 30 May, A1.
86. Keller, B. (1989c). Soviet Poll Finds Deep Pessimism Over Gorbachev's Economic Plan. New York Times, 5 Nov.
87. Keller, B. (1990a). Soviet Economy: A Shattered Dream. New York Times, 13 May, A1.
88. Keller, B. (1990b). Gorbachev Urges A Fractious Party To Pull Together, New York Times, 3 July, A1.
89. Keller, B. (1990c). Soviet Plan in the Middle. New York Times, 18 Oct., A1.
90. Keller, B. (1991a). In Soviet Life, Thaw Becomes Chill. New York Times, 3 Feb., A1.
91. Keller, B. (1991b). The Two Faces of Gorbachev. The State, 10 Feb., D1.
92. Keller, B. (1992a). 39 in South Africa Die in Massacre, New York Times, 19 June, A7.
93. Keller, B. (1992b). De Klerk, Angry with Mandela, Still Offers Concession on Voting. New York Times, 3 July.
94. Keller, B. (1993) De Klerk's Gorbachev Problem. New York Times Magazine. 31 Jan., 34-42.
95. Keller, B. (1994a). Defiant Leader of Homeland Accedes to a Nonracial Vote. New York Times, 12 March, A1.
96. Keller, B. (1994b). Mixed Signals Fatal for South African Separatists. New York Times, 12 March, A3.
97. Keller, B. (1994c). South Africans Hail President Mandela, New York Times, 11 May.
98. Kellerman, B. (1986). Political leadership. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
99. Khasbulatov, R.I. (1993). The struggle for Russia: Power and change in the democratic revolution. London; New York: Routledge.
100. Kotze, H. & Geldenhuys, D. (1990). Damascus road. Leadership, 9.
101. Kull, S. (1990). Dateline Moscow: Burying Lenin. Foreign Policy, 78, 172-91.
102. Lee, G. (1990). Leading Soviet Mayors Quit Communist Party. Washington Post, 14 July, A14.
103. Levinson, H. & Rosenthal, S. (1984). CEO: Corporate leadership in action. New York: Basic Books.
104. Ligachev, E. (1993). Inside Gorbachev's Kremlin. New York: Pantheon Books.
105. Mandelbaum, M. and Bailer, S. (1988). Gorbachev's Russia and American foreign policy. Boulder: Westview.
106. Mandela, N. (1990a). Struggle is my life: His speeches and writing, 2nd. ed. New York: Pathfinder Press.
107. Mandela, N. (1990b). Transcript of Speech at Cape Town City Hall: 'Africa is Ours!', New York Times, 12 Feb., A14-15.
108. Mandela, N. (1990c). Mandela Interviewed. Johannesburg Television Sevice, 18 July in FBIS, 19 July, 24-25.
109. Mandela, N. (1990c). Mandela Interviewed. Johannesburg Television Sevice, 18 July in FBIS, 19 July, 24-25.
110. Mandela, N. (1992). Speech in Johannesburg in FBIS, 22 June, 9.
111. Mandela, N. (1994a). Mandela's Inauguration Speech at Pretoria. New York Times, 11 May, A8.
112. Mandela, N. (1994b). Mandela's Address: 'Glory and Hope'. New York Times. 11 May, A8.
113. Mandela, W. (1985). Part of my soul went with him. New York: Norton.
114. Martin, O. (1990a). Group psychology in the totalitarian system: A psychoanalytic view. Group, 14, 44-58.
115. Miller, A., Hesli, V. & Reisinger, W. (1994). Reassessing Mass Support for Political and Economic Change in the Former USSR. American Political Science Review, 88, 399-410.
116. Morrison, Donald (Ed.) (1988). Mikhail S. Gorbachev: An intimate biography. New York: Time Books.
117. Morrison, J. (1991). Boris Yeltsin. New York: Dutton.
118. Muravchik, J. (1990). Mandela in America. Commentary, Oct., 12-18.
119. Ottaway, D. (1993). Chained together. New York: New York Times Press.
120. Ottaway, M. (1993). South Africa: The struggle for a new order. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution.
121. Passell, P. (1990). Gorbachev Counsels a Prudent Revolution. New York Times, 21 Oct.
122. Remnick, D. (1993). Lenin's Tomb: The Last days of the Soviet empire. New York: Random House.
123. Reuters, (1991). Transcript of August 23rd, 1991 Russian Parliament. New York Times, 24 Aug.
124. Reuters, (1994). Zulu-Based Group Sees a 'Dirty Trick', In Report by Judge. New York Times, 21 March, A9.
125. Schiffer, I. (1973). Charisma: A psychoanalytic look at mass society. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
126. Schmemann, S. (1991a). Gorbachev Now: Vilified but Still a Force. New York Times, 27 Aug.
127. Schmemann, S. (1991b). Declaring Death of Soviet Union, Russia and 2 Republics Form New Commonwealth. New York Times, 9 Dec., A1.
128. Schmemann, S. (1992). Yeltsin Takes to Now-Restive Streets. New York Times, 6 Nov., A3.
129. Schmemann, S. (1993a). Yeltsin and Legislature Act to Oust Each Other... New York Times, 22 Sept.
130. Schmemann, S. (1993b). Ban on Opposition. New York Times, 5 Oct.
131. Schrire, R. (1991). Adapt or die: The end of white politics in South Africa. New York: Ford Foundation; Foreign Policy Association.
132. Schweitzer, A. (1984). The age of charisma. Chicago: Nelson Hall.
133. Shapiro, M. (1992). Russia, a New Loss of Control: The Yeltsin-Gorbachev 'Brawl'. Washington Post, 16 Oct., A45.
134. Sheehy, G. (1990). The man who changed the world: The lives of Mikhail S. Gorbachev. New York: HarperCollins.
135. Shillington, K. (1987). A history of Southern Africa. Essex: Longman Group.
136. Smith, H. (1990). The new Russians. New York: Random House.
137. Sobchak, A. (1992). For a new Russia: the mayor of St. Petersburg's own story of the struggle for justice and democracy. New York: Free Press.
138. Solov'ev, V., & Klepikova, E. (1992). Yeltsin: A political biography. New York: G.P. Putnam & Sons.
139. Szamuley, G. (1990). It's black or white in South Africa. Orbis, 34, 3.
140. Taubman, P. (1988). Soviet Panel Clears Bukharin, 50 Years After His Execution. New York Times, 6 Feb.: 1.
141. Tatu, M. (1987). Gorbachev: L'U.R.S.S. va-t-elle changer? Paris: Centurion.
142. Tolstaya, T. (1994). Boris the First. Review of The Struggle for Russia. In The New York Review of Books, 23 June.
143. Trice, H.M. & J.M. Beyer. (1984). Cultural leadership in organizations. In A. Schweitzer (Ed.), The age of charisma. Chicago: Nelson Hall.
144. Whitney, C. (1989). Soviet Forces Were Orderd to Stay in Barracks, East Germans Say. New York Times, 3 Dec.
145. Willner, A. (1984). The spellbinders: charismatic political leadership. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
146. Wren, C. (1989). How Far Will De Klerk go? New York Times Magazine. 19 Nov.
147. Wren, C. (1991). Odd Couple in South Africa: Mutual Needs. New York Times, 27 Dec., A8.
148. Wren, C. (1992a). Rivals Are Faulted in South Africa Strife. New York Times, 29 May, A3.
149. Wren, C. (1992b). Practical, Not a Gambler, De Klerk Tells His Story. New York Times, 26 May, A6.
150. Wriggins, H. (1969). The ruler's imperative. New York: Columbia University Press.
151. Yeltsin Quits Communist Party (1990). Washington Post, 13 July, A15.
152. Yeltsin, B. (1990). Against the grain: an autobiography. New York: Summit Books.
153. Yeltsin, B. (1994). The struggle for Russia, 1st American ed. Translated by C. Fitzpatrick. New York: Belka Publications Corp.
154. Yukl, G. (1989). Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
155. Zemtsov, I., & Farrar, J. (1989). Gorbachev: The man and the system. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
156. Zulu Based Group Sees a 'Dirty Trick' in Report by Judge. (1994). New York Times, 21.
157. Zviglyanich, V. The morphology of Russian mentality: A philosophical inquiry into conservatism and pragmatism. CITY: Edwin Mellen Press.