Food riots revisited

Journal of Social History

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 483-496

  Taylor, Lynne ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030529171     PISSN: 00224529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jsh/30.2.483     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Charles Tilly, From Mobilisation to Revolution (Reading, MA, 1978), p.184.
2. Charles Tilly and Louise Tilly (eds.), Class Conflict and Collective Action (Beverly Hills, 1981), p.20.
3. Paul Hanson, "The Vie Chère Riots of 1911: Traditional Protests in Modern Garb," Journal of Social History (Spring, 1988): 463-481; A.J. Cole, "The Moral Economy of the Crowd: Some Twentieth-Century Food Riots," Journal of British Studies 17/1 (Fall 1978): 157-176; Dana Frank, "Housewives, Socialists, and the Politics of Food: the 1917 New York Cost-of-Living Protests," Feminist Studies 11/2 (Summer 1985): 255-285; William Freiburger, "War Prosperity and Hunger: the New York Food Riots of 1917," Labor History 25/2 (Spring 1984): 217-239; Ruth A. Frager, "Politicized Housewives in the Jewish Communist Movement of Toronto, 1923-1933," in Linda Kealey and Joan Sangster eds., Beyond the Vote: Canadian Women and Politics (Toronto, 1989), pp. 258-275; Lester Golden "The Women in Command: the Barcelona Women's Consumer War of 1918," UCLA Historical Journal 6 (1985): 5-22; Temma Kaplan, "Female Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of Barcelona, 1910-1918," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 7/3 (1982):545-566; Donna F. Ryan, "Ordinary Acts and Resistance: Women in Street Demonstrations and Food Riots in Vichy France," Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History 16 (1989); Lynne Taylor, "Between Resistance and Collaboration: Popular Protest in Northern France, 1940-1944," unpublished manuscript.
4. Paul Hanson, "The Vie Chère Riots of 1911: Traditional Protests in Modern Garb," Journal of Social History (Spring, 1988): 463-481; A.J. Cole, "The Moral Economy of the Crowd: Some Twentieth-Century Food Riots," Journal of British Studies 17/1 (Fall 1978): 157-176; Dana Frank, "Housewives, Socialists, and the Politics of Food: the 1917 New York Cost-of-Living Protests," Feminist Studies 11/2 (Summer 1985): 255-285; William Freiburger, "War Prosperity and Hunger: the New York Food Riots of 1917," Labor History 25/2 (Spring 1984): 217-239; Ruth A. Frager, "Politicized Housewives in the Jewish Communist Movement of Toronto, 1923-1933," in Linda Kealey and Joan Sangster eds., Beyond the Vote: Canadian Women and Politics (Toronto, 1989), pp. 258-275; Lester Golden "The Women in Command: the Barcelona Women's Consumer War of 1918," UCLA Historical Journal 6 (1985): 5-22; Temma Kaplan, "Female Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of Barcelona, 1910-1918," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 7/3 (1982):545-566; Donna F. Ryan, "Ordinary Acts and Resistance: Women in Street Demonstrations and Food Riots in Vichy France," Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History 16 (1989); Lynne Taylor, "Between Resistance and Collaboration: Popular Protest in Northern France, 1940-1944," unpublished manuscript.
5. Paul Hanson, "The Vie Chère Riots of 1911: Traditional Protests in Modern Garb," Journal of Social History (Spring, 1988): 463-481; A.J. Cole, "The Moral Economy of the Crowd: Some Twentieth-Century Food Riots," Journal of British Studies 17/1 (Fall 1978): 157-176; Dana Frank, "Housewives, Socialists, and the Politics of Food: the 1917 New York Cost-of-Living Protests," Feminist Studies 11/2 (Summer 1985): 255-285; William Freiburger, "War Prosperity and Hunger: the New York Food Riots of 1917," Labor History 25/2 (Spring 1984): 217-239; Ruth A. Frager, "Politicized Housewives in the Jewish Communist Movement of Toronto, 1923-1933," in Linda Kealey and Joan Sangster eds., Beyond the Vote: Canadian Women and Politics (Toronto, 1989), pp. 258-275; Lester Golden "The Women in Command: the Barcelona Women's Consumer War of 1918," UCLA Historical Journal 6 (1985): 5-22; Temma Kaplan, "Female Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of Barcelona, 1910-1918," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 7/3 (1982):545-566; Donna F. Ryan, "Ordinary Acts and Resistance: Women in Street Demonstrations and Food Riots in Vichy France," Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History 16 (1989); Lynne Taylor, "Between Resistance and Collaboration: Popular Protest in Northern France, 1940-1944," unpublished manuscript.
6. Paul Hanson, "The Vie Chère Riots of 1911: Traditional Protests in Modern Garb," Journal of Social History (Spring, 1988): 463-481; A.J. Cole, "The Moral Economy of the Crowd: Some Twentieth-Century Food Riots," Journal of British Studies 17/1 (Fall 1978): 157-176; Dana Frank, "Housewives, Socialists, and the Politics of Food: the 1917 New York Cost-of-Living Protests," Feminist Studies 11/2 (Summer 1985): 255-285; William Freiburger, "War Prosperity and Hunger: the New York Food Riots of 1917," Labor History 25/2 (Spring 1984): 217-239; Ruth A. Frager, "Politicized Housewives in the Jewish Communist Movement of Toronto, 1923-1933," in Linda Kealey and Joan Sangster eds., Beyond the Vote: Canadian Women and Politics (Toronto, 1989), pp. 258-275; Lester Golden "The Women in Command: the Barcelona Women's Consumer War of 1918," UCLA Historical Journal 6 (1985): 5-22; Temma Kaplan, "Female Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of Barcelona, 1910-1918," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 7/3 (1982):545-566; Donna F. Ryan, "Ordinary Acts and Resistance: Women in Street Demonstrations and Food Riots in Vichy France," Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History 16 (1989); Lynne Taylor, "Between Resistance and Collaboration: Popular Protest in Northern France, 1940-1944," unpublished manuscript.
7. Paul Hanson, "The Vie Chère Riots of 1911: Traditional Protests in Modern Garb," Journal of Social History (Spring, 1988): 463-481; A.J. Cole, "The Moral Economy of the Crowd: Some Twentieth-Century Food Riots," Journal of British Studies 17/1 (Fall 1978): 157-176; Dana Frank, "Housewives, Socialists, and the Politics of Food: the 1917 New York Cost-of-Living Protests," Feminist Studies 11/2 (Summer 1985): 255-285; William Freiburger, "War Prosperity and Hunger: the New York Food Riots of 1917," Labor History 25/2 (Spring 1984): 217-239; Ruth A. Frager, "Politicized Housewives in the Jewish Communist Movement of Toronto, 1923-1933," in Linda Kealey and Joan Sangster eds., Beyond the Vote: Canadian Women and Politics (Toronto, 1989), pp. 258-275; Lester Golden "The Women in Command: the Barcelona Women's Consumer War of 1918," UCLA Historical Journal 6 (1985): 5-22; Temma Kaplan, "Female Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of Barcelona, 1910-1918," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 7/3 (1982):545-566; Donna F. Ryan, "Ordinary Acts and Resistance: Women in Street Demonstrations and Food Riots in Vichy France," Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History 16 (1989); Lynne Taylor, "Between Resistance and Collaboration: Popular Protest in Northern France, 1940-1944," unpublished manuscript.
8. Paul Hanson, "The Vie Chère Riots of 1911: Traditional Protests in Modern Garb," Journal of Social History (Spring, 1988): 463-481; A.J. Cole, "The Moral Economy of the Crowd: Some Twentieth-Century Food Riots," Journal of British Studies 17/1 (Fall 1978): 157-176; Dana Frank, "Housewives, Socialists, and the Politics of Food: the 1917 New York Cost-of-Living Protests," Feminist Studies 11/2 (Summer 1985): 255-285; William Freiburger, "War Prosperity and Hunger: the New York Food Riots of 1917," Labor History 25/2 (Spring 1984): 217-239; Ruth A. Frager, "Politicized Housewives in the Jewish Communist Movement of Toronto, 1923-1933," in Linda Kealey and Joan Sangster eds., Beyond the Vote: Canadian Women and Politics (Toronto, 1989), pp. 258-275; Lester Golden "The Women in Command: the Barcelona Women's Consumer War of 1918," UCLA Historical Journal 6 (1985): 5-22; Temma Kaplan, "Female Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of Barcelona, 1910-1918," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 7/3 (1982):545-566; Donna F. Ryan, "Ordinary Acts and Resistance: Women in Street Demonstrations and Food Riots in Vichy France," Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History 16 (1989); Lynne Taylor, "Between Resistance and Collaboration: Popular Protest in Northern France, 1940-1944," unpublished manuscript.
9. Paul Hanson, "The Vie Chère Riots of 1911: Traditional Protests in Modern Garb," Journal of Social History (Spring, 1988): 463-481; A.J. Cole, "The Moral Economy of the Crowd: Some Twentieth-Century Food Riots," Journal of British Studies 17/1 (Fall 1978): 157-176; Dana Frank, "Housewives, Socialists, and the Politics of Food: the 1917 New York Cost-of-Living Protests," Feminist Studies 11/2 (Summer 1985): 255-285; William Freiburger, "War Prosperity and Hunger: the New York Food Riots of 1917," Labor History 25/2 (Spring 1984): 217-239; Ruth A. Frager, "Politicized Housewives in the Jewish Communist Movement of Toronto, 1923-1933," in Linda Kealey and Joan Sangster eds., Beyond the Vote: Canadian Women and Politics (Toronto, 1989), pp. 258-275; Lester Golden "The Women in Command: the Barcelona Women's Consumer War of 1918," UCLA Historical Journal 6 (1985): 5-22; Temma Kaplan, "Female Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of Barcelona, 1910-1918," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 7/3 (1982):545-566; Donna F. Ryan, "Ordinary Acts and Resistance: Women in Street Demonstrations and Food Riots in Vichy France," Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History 16 (1989); Lynne Taylor, "Between Resistance and Collaboration: Popular Protest in Northern France, 1940-1944," unpublished manuscript.
10. Paul Hanson, "The Vie Chère Riots of 1911: Traditional Protests in Modern Garb," Journal of Social History (Spring, 1988): 463-481; A.J. Cole, "The Moral Economy of the Crowd: Some Twentieth-Century Food Riots," Journal of British Studies 17/1 (Fall 1978): 157-176; Dana Frank, "Housewives, Socialists, and the Politics of Food: the 1917 New York Cost-of-Living Protests," Feminist Studies 11/2 (Summer 1985): 255-285; William Freiburger, "War Prosperity and Hunger: the New York Food Riots of 1917," Labor History 25/2 (Spring 1984): 217-239; Ruth A. Frager, "Politicized Housewives in the Jewish Communist Movement of Toronto, 1923-1933," in Linda Kealey and Joan Sangster eds., Beyond the Vote: Canadian Women and Politics (Toronto, 1989), pp. 258-275; Lester Golden "The Women in Command: the Barcelona Women's Consumer War of 1918," UCLA Historical Journal 6 (1985): 5-22; Temma Kaplan, "Female Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of Barcelona, 1910-1918," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 7/3 (1982):545-566; Donna F. Ryan, "Ordinary Acts and Resistance: Women in Street Demonstrations and Food Riots in Vichy France," Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History 16 (1989); Lynne Taylor, "Between Resistance and Collaboration: Popular Protest in Northern France, 1940-1944," unpublished manuscript.
11. Paul Hanson, "The Vie Chère Riots of 1911: Traditional Protests in Modern Garb," Journal of Social History (Spring, 1988): 463-481; A.J. Cole, "The Moral Economy of the Crowd: Some Twentieth-Century Food Riots," Journal of British Studies 17/1 (Fall 1978): 157-176; Dana Frank, "Housewives, Socialists, and the Politics of Food: the 1917 New York Cost-of-Living Protests," Feminist Studies 11/2 (Summer 1985): 255-285; William Freiburger, "War Prosperity and Hunger: the New York Food Riots of 1917," Labor History 25/2 (Spring 1984): 217-239; Ruth A. Frager, "Politicized Housewives in the Jewish Communist Movement of Toronto, 1923-1933," in Linda Kealey and Joan Sangster eds., Beyond the Vote: Canadian Women and Politics (Toronto, 1989), pp. 258-275; Lester Golden "The Women in Command: the Barcelona Women's Consumer War of 1918," UCLA Historical Journal 6 (1985): 5-22; Temma Kaplan, "Female Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of Barcelona, 1910-1918," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 7/3 (1982):545-566; Donna F. Ryan, "Ordinary Acts and Resistance: Women in Street Demonstrations and Food Riots in Vichy France," Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Western Society for French History 16 (1989); Lynne Taylor, "Between Resistance and Collaboration: Popular Protest in Northern France, 1940-1944," unpublished manuscript.
12. Hanson, "The 'Vie Chère' Riots," pp.463,471.
13. Cole, "The Moral Economy of the Crowd," pp.157-176.
14. Cole, "The Moral Economy of the Crowd," p. 163.
15. Cole, "The Moral Economy of the Crowd," pp.160-163.
16. Cole, "The Moral Economy of the Crowd," p.167.
17. Frank, "Housewives, Socialists, and the Politics of Food," pp.255-285 and Freiburger, "War, Prosperity and Hunger," pp. 217-239.
18. Frank, "Housewives, Socialists, and the Politics of Food," pp.255-285 and Freiburger, "War, Prosperity and Hunger," pp. 217-239.
19. Frank, "Housewives, Socialists, and the Politics of Food," p.255.
20. Frank, "Housewives, Socialists, and the Politics of Food," p.255.
21. Frank, "Housewives, Socialists, and the Politics of Food," pp.259-60.
22. Frager, "Politicized Housewives in the Jewish Communist Movement of Toronto, 1923-1933," pp.260.
23. Frager, "Politicized Housewives in the Jewish Communist Movement of Toronto, 1923-1933," pp.264-265.
24. Frager, "Politicized Housewives in the Jewish Communist Movement of Toronto, 1923-1933," p.265.
25. Golden, "The Women in Command," pp.5-22 and Kaplan, "Female Consciousness and Collective Action," pp.545-566.
26. Golden, "The Women in Command," pp.5-22 and Kaplan, "Female Consciousness and Collective Action," pp.545-566.
27. Golden, "The Women in Command," pp.21-22.
28. Upon occupation by the Germans in 1940, France was divided into a number of occupation zones, the two largest of which were the Occupied Zone, comprising most of the north and west of France, and Vichy or the Free Zone, which consisted of the southeastern two-fifths of the country. The demarcation line was the boundary between the two and travel and communication across it were difficult, posing numerous problems for the French.
29. One of the numerous Nazi impositions on France was "voluntary" labor service in German factories and on German farms. The purpose was to free German men for the fronts. The service was ostensibly voluntary, but recruitment was often coercive.
30. The Milice were the French Fascist police established in Vichy France.
31. Ryan, "Ordinary Acts and Resistance," p.401.
32. Taylor, "Between Resistance and Collaboration," pp.173-183.
33. Hanson, "The 'Vie Chère' Riots," pp.471-473.
34. Cole, "The Moral Economy of the Crowd," p. 167.
35. Frank, "Housewives, Socialists, and the Politics of Food," p.255; Freiburger "War Prosperity and Hunger," pp. 229-236, and passim.
36. Frank, "Housewives, Socialists, and the Politics of Food," p.255; Freiburger "War Prosperity and Hunger," pp. 229-236, and passim.
37. Taylor, "Between Resistance and Collaboration," pp.173-183.
38. See respectively: Golden, "The Women in Command," pp.21-28; Frager "Politicized Housewives," pp.260-261; Ryan, "Ordinary Acts and Resistance," pp.401-403.
39. See respectively: Golden, "The Women in Command," pp.21-28; Frager "Politicized Housewives," pp.260-261; Ryan, "Ordinary Acts and Resistance," pp.401-403.
40. See respectively: Golden, "The Women in Command," pp.21-28; Frager "Politicized Housewives," pp.260-261; Ryan, "Ordinary Acts and Resistance," pp.401-403.
41. Golden, "The Women in Command," p.23.
42. Golden, "The Women in Command," p.23.
43. John Bohstedt, Riots and Community Politics in England and Wales 1790-1810 (Cambridge, MA 1983). Bohstedt's study was an examination of 617 riots of various kinds that occurred in England between 1790 and 1810. The focus of his attention, however, was on Devon food riots, political actions in Manchester and a broad sweep of rural disturbances, especially in Lincolnshire. His objective was to try and determine why riots happened in some places at certain times and not in and at others.
44. Interestingly, in his essay, "The Moral Economy Reviewed" E. P. Thompson finds Bohstedt's model of community politics attractive. In Customs in Common: Studies in Traditional Popular Culture (New York, 1991) pp. 259-351.
45. John Money (reviewer), "Constituencies and Communities: Voters, Rioters and Politics in Georgian England," Canadian Journal of History 19 (December 1984): 396. An integral part of Bohstedt's work challenges the notion that a moral economy governed the actions of food rioters in the eighteenth century. He argues that there is no evidence that the rioters of his study were protesting in defense of a moral economy and against the incursion of a market economy. Instead, he maintains that the rioters were outraged at the abuse of capitalist trade, not because capitalist trade was abusive. The riots were acts of "emergency collective self-defense" and very pragmatic in nature. Thus, the protesters justified their actions on the grounds that they were hungry, not on the basis of traditions or a "selective reconstruction of paternalism." What the rioters took from tradition was less a sense of legitimacy than conventions of effective action whose effectiveness rested upon the local political framework. He suggests that if one were to view the moral economy as a collection of pragmatic tactics rather than a corpus of anti-capitalist beliefs, then it would help to explain why some crowds chose to riot and others did not, when they shared common and real grievances. See Bohstedt, "The Moral Economy and the Discipline of Historical Context," Journal of Social History 26/2 (Winter 1992): 266-269.
46. John Money (reviewer), "Constituencies and Communities: Voters, Rioters and Politics in Georgian England," Canadian Journal of History 19 (December 1984): 396. An integral part of Bohstedt's work challenges the notion that a moral economy governed the actions of food rioters in the eighteenth century. He argues that there is no evidence that the rioters of his study were protesting in defense of a moral economy and against the incursion of a market economy. Instead, he maintains that the rioters were outraged at the abuse of capitalist trade, not because capitalist trade was abusive. The riots were acts of "emergency collective self-defense" and very pragmatic in nature. Thus, the protesters justified their actions on the grounds that they were hungry, not on the basis of traditions or a "selective reconstruction of paternalism." What the rioters took from tradition was less a sense of legitimacy than conventions of effective action whose effectiveness rested upon the local political framework. He suggests that if one were to view the moral economy as a collection of pragmatic tactics rather than a corpus of anti-capitalist beliefs, then it would help to explain why some crowds chose to riot and others did not, when they shared common and real grievances. See Bohstedt, "The Moral Economy and the Discipline of Historical Context," Journal of Social History 26/2 (Winter 1992): 266-269.
47. Money, "Constituencies and Communities," pp. 394-5.
48. Bohstedt, Riots and Community Politics, pp. 21-26 and passim.
49. Bohstedt, Riots and Community Politics, pp. 202-207 and passim.
50. Kaplan, "Female Consciousness and Collective Action," p. 545.
51. Golden, "The Women in Command," p. 24.
52. Archives Départementales du Nord, 43W 39561, record 301.
53. Thompson, "The Moral Economy Reviewed," pp. 303-336.
54. Thompson, "Moral Economy Reviewed," p. 335.
55. Cynthia Bouton, "Gendered Behavior in Subsistence Riots: The French Flour War of 1775," Journal of Social History 23 (Summer 1990): 743.
56. Thompson, "Moral Economy Reviewed," p. 335.
57. Bouton, "Gendered Behavior in Subsistence Riots," p. 745.
58. Bohstedt, "The Moral Economy and the Discipline of Historical Context," pp. 266-269.