Competitor analysis and interfirm rivalry: Toward a theoretical integration

Academy of Management Review

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 100-134

  Chen, Ming Jer ^a,b  

^a Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030528762     PISSN: 03637425     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5465/AMR.1996.9602161567     Document Type: Article

References (122)

1. Abell, D. F. 1980. Defining the business: Starting point of strategic planning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
2. Abrahamson, E., & Fombrun, C. J. 1994. Macrocultures: Determinants and consequences. Academy of Management Review, 19: 728-755.
3. Allison, G. T. 1971. Essence of decision: Explaining the Cuban missile crisis. Boston: Little, Brown.
4. Amit, R., Domowitz, I., & Fershtman, C. 1988. Thinking one step ahead: The use of conjectures in competitor analysis. Strategic Management Journal, 9: 431-442.
5. Amit, R., & Schoemaker, P. J. H. 1993. Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal, 14: 33-46.
6. Anderson, P., & Lawless, M. 1993. Configurations and niches: A new perspective on intraindustry groups and performance. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Atlanta, GA.
7. Barnett, W. P. 1993. Strategic deterrence among multiple point competitors. Industrial and Corporate Change, 2: 249-278.
8. Barney, J. B. 1986. Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck, and business strategy. Management Science. 32: 1231-1241.
9. Barney, J. B. 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17: 99-120.
10. Barney, J. B., & Hoskisson, R. E. 1990. Strategic groups: Untested assertion and research proposals. Managerial and Decision Economics, 11: 187-198.
11. Bass, B. M. 1983. Organizational decision mating. Homewood, IL: Irwin.
12. Baum, J. A. C., & Korn, H. J. In press. Competitive dynamics of interfirm rivalry: Linking structural conditions of competition to patterns of market entry and exit. Academy of Management Journal.
13. Baum, J. A., & Singh, J. V. 1992. Organizational niches and the dynamics of organizational mortality. Working paper, New York University.
14. Beath, J., & Katsoulacos, Y. 1991. The economic theory of product differentiation. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
15. Bernheim, D., & Whinston, M. D. 1990. Multimarket contact and collusive behavior. Rand Journal of Economics, 21: 1-26.
16. Bettis, R. A., & Weeks, D. 1987. Financial returns and strategic interaction: The case of instant photograph. Strategic Management Journal, 8: 549-563.
17. Boeker, W., Goodstein, J., Stephan, J., & Murmann, P. 1994. The dynamics of market entry: The role of multipoint competition. Working paper, Graduate School of Business, Columbia University.
18. Bowley, A. L. 1924. The mathematical groundwork of economics. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
19. Burt, R. 1987. Social contagion and innovation: Cohesion versus structural equivalence. American Journal of Sociology, 92: 1287-1335.
20. Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. 1959. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56: 81-105.
21. Carpenter, G. S., Cooper, L. G., Hanssens, D. M., & Midgley, D. F. 1988. Modeling asymmetric competition. Marketing Science, 7: 393-411.
22. Caves, R. E. 1984. Economic analysis and the quest for competitive advantage. Papers and Proceedings the 96th Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, 74(2): 127-132.
23. Caves, R. E., & Porter, M. E. 1977. From entry barriers to mobility barriers. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 91: 241-261.
24. Chen, M.-J., & Hambrick, D. C. 1995. Speed, stealth, and selective attack: How small firms differ from large firms in competitive behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 38: 453-482.
25. Chen, M.-J., & MacMillan, I. C. 1992. Nonresponse and delayed response to competitive moves: The roles of competitor dependence and action irreversibility. Academy of Management Journal, 35: 539-570.
26. Chen, M.-J., & Miller, D. 1994. Competitive attack, retaliation and performance: An expectancy-valence framework. Strategic Management Journal, 15: 85-102.
27. Chen, M.-J., Smith, K. G., & Grimm, C. M. 1992. Action characteristics as predictors of competitive responses. Management Science, 38: 439-455.
28. Coleman, J. S. 1987. Microfoundations and macrosocial behavior. In J. C. Alexander et al. (Eds.), The micro-macro link: 153-173. Berkeley: University of California Press.
29. Collis, D. J. 1991. A resource-based analysis of global competition: The case of the bearings industry. Strategic Management Journal, 12: 49-68.
30. Conner, K. R. 1991. A historical comparison of resource-based theory and five schools of thought within industrial organization economics: Do we have a new theory of the firm? Journal of Management, 17: 121-154.
31. Conner, K. R. 1994. The resource-based challenge to the industry-structure perspective. Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings: 17-21.
32. Cool, K., & Dierickx, I. 1993. Rivalry, strategic group and firm profitability. Strategic Management Journal, 14: 47-59.
33. Cool, K., & Schendel, D. 1987. Strategic group formation and performance: The case of the U.S. pharmaceutical industry, 1963-1982. Management Science, 33: 1102-1124.
34. D'Aveni, R. 1994. Hypercompetition: Managing the dynamics of strategic maneuvering. New York: Free Press.
35. Day, G. S. 1981. Strategic market analysis and definition: An integrated approach. Strategic Management Journal, 2: 281-299.
36. Dess, G. G., & Robinson, R. B., Jr. 1984. Measuring organizational performance in the absence of objective measures: The case of the privately-held firm and conglomerate business unit. Strategic Management Journal, 5: 265-273.
37. Dierickx, I., & Cool, K. 1989. Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Science, 35: 1504-1511.
38. Dutton, J. E., & Jackson, S. B. 1987. Categorizing strategic issues: Links to organizational action. Academy of Management Review, 12: 76-90.
39. Edwards, C. D. 1955. Conglomerate bigness as a source of power. Business concentration and price policy: 331-352. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
40. Eisenhardt, K. M. 1989. Making fast strategic decisions in high velocity environments. Academy of Management Journal, 32: 533-576.
41. Eliashberg, J., & Chatterjee, R. 1985. Analytical models of competition with implications for marketing: Issues, findings and outlook. Journal of Marketing Research, 22: 237-261.
42. Evans, W. N., & Kessides, I. N. 1994. Living by the "golden rule": Multimarket contact in the U.S. airline industry. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109: 341-366.
43. Fiegenbaum, A., & Thomas, H. 1990. Strategic groups and performance: The U.S. insurance industry. Strategic Management Journal, 11: 197-215.
44. Fombrun, C. J., & Zajac, E. J. 1987. Structural and perceptual influences on intraindustry stratification. Academy of Management Journal, 30: 33-50.
45. Franko, L. G. 1989. Global corporate competition: Who's winning, who's losing, and the R&D factor as one reason why. Strategic Management Journal, 10: 449-474.
46. Gatignon, H. 1984. Competition as a moderator of the effect of advertising on sales. Journal of Marketing Research, 21: 387-398.
47. Ghemawat, P. 1991. Commitment: The dynamics of strategy. New York: Wiley.
48. Ghoshal, S., & Westney, D. E. 1991. Organizing competitor analysis system. Strategic Management Journal, 12: 17-31.
49. Gimeno, J. 1994. Multipoint competition, market rivalry and firm performance: A test of the mutual forbearance hypothesis in the U.S. airline industry, 1984-1988. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
50. Gimeno, J., & Woo, C. Y. In press. Hypercompetition in a multimarket environment. The role of strategic similarity and multimarket contact on competitive de-escalation. Organization Science.
51. Glemet, F., & Mira, R. 1993. The brand leader's dilemma. The McKinsey Quarterly, Summer: 3-16.
52. Hamel, G., & Prahalad, C. K. 1990. Strategic intent. The McKinsey Quarterly, Spring: 36-61.
53. Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. 1989. Organizational ecology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
54. Harrigan, K. R. 1979. Strategies for declining businesses. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
55. Harrigan, K. R. 1985. An application of clustering for strategic group analysis. Strategic Management Journal, 6: 55-73.
56. Hatten, K. J., & Hatten, M. L. 1987. Strategic groups, asymmetrical mobility barriers and contestability. Strategic Management Journal, 8: 329-342.
57. Hatten, K. J., Schendel, D. E., & Cooper, A. C. 1978. A strategic model of the U.S. brewing industry: 1952-1971. Academy of Management Journal, 21: 592-610.
58. Heil, O., & Robertson, T. S. 1991. Toward a theory of competitive market signaling: A research agenda. Strategic Management Journal, 12: 403-418.
59. Helfat, C. 1994. Firm-specificity in corporate applied R&D. Organization Science, 5: 173-184.
60. Henderson, R., & Cockburn, I. 1994. Measuring competence? Exploring firm effects in pharmaceutical research. Strategic Management Journal, 15: 63-84.
61. Hotelling, H. 1929. Stability of competition. Economic Journal, 39: 41-57.
62. Jacobson, R. 1992. The "Austrian" school of strategy. Academy of Management Review, 17: 782-807.
63. Karnani, A., & Wernerfelt, B. 1985. Multiple point competition. Strategic Management Journal, 6: 87-96.
64. Kiesler, S., & Sproull, L. 1982. Managerial response to changing environments: Perspectives on problem sensing from social cognition. Administrative Science Quarterly. 27: 548-570.
65. Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. 1989. Principles of marketing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
66. Lant, T. K., Milliken, F. J., & Batra, B. 1992. The role of managerial learning and interpretation in strategic persistence and reorientation. Strategic Management Journal, 13: 585-608.
67. Lehmann, D. R., & Winer, R. W. 1990. Analysis for marketing planning. Homewood, IL: Irwin.
68. Lieberman, M. B., & Montgomery, D. B. 1988. First-mover advantages. Strategic Management Journal, 9: 41-58.
69. Ma, H., & Jemison, D. 1994. Effects of spheres of influence and differentials in firm resources and capabilities on the intensity of rivalry in multiple market competition. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Dallas, TX.
70. MacMillan, I. C. 1982. Seizing competitive initiative. Journal of Business Strategy, 2(4): 43-57.
71. MacMillan, I. C., McCaffery, M. L., & van Wijk, G. 1985. Competitor's responses to easily imitated new products: Exploring commercial banking product introductions. Strategic Management Journal, 6: 75-86.
72. Mahoney, J., & Pandian, J. 1992. The resource-based view within the conversation of strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 13: 363-380.
73. McGee, J., & Thomas, H. 1986. Strategic groups: Theory, research, and taxonomy. Strategic Management Journal, 7: 141-160.
74. McGrath, R., MacMillan, I. C., & Venkataraman, S. 1995. Defining and developing competence: A strategy process paradigm. Strategic Management Journal, 16: 251-275.
75. Miller, D., & Chen, M.-J. 1994. Sources and consequences of competitive inertia: A study of the U.S. airline industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39: 1-23.
76. Mondey, J., Cook, J., Hooks, M. J., & Chant, C. 1987. The encyclopedia of the world's commercial and private aircraft. New York: Crescent Books.
77. Montgomery, C. A. 1985. Product diversification and market power. Academy of Management Journal, 28: 789-798.
78. Nayyar, P. 1993. One the measurement of competitive strategy: Evidence from a large multiproduct U.S. firm. Academy of Management Journal, 36: 1652-1669.
79. Penrose, E. T. 1959. The theory of the growth of the firm. New York: Wiley.
80. Peteraf, M. A. 1993a. The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, 14: 179-191.
81. Peteraf, M. A. 1993b. Intraindustry structure and response toward rivals. Journal of Managerial and Decision Economics, 14: 519-528.
82. Pfeffer, J. 1982. Organizations and organization theory. Cambridge, MA: Harper & Row.
83. Pfeffer, J. 1987. A resource dependence perspective on intercorporate relations. In M. S. Mizruchi & M. Schwartz (Eds.), Intercorporate relations: The structure analysis of business: 25-55. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
84. Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. 1978. The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. New York: Harper & Row.
85. Porac, J. F., & Thomas, H. 1990. Taxonomic mental models in competitor definition. Academy of Management Review, 15: 224-240.
86. Porac, J. F., & Thomas, H. 1994. Cognitive categorization and subjective rivalry among retailers in a small city. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79: 54-66.
87. Porter, M. E. 1979. The structure within industries and companies' performance. Review of Economics and Statistics, 61: 214-227.
88. Porter, M. E. 1980. Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. New York: Free Press.
89. Porter, M. E. 1984. Strategic interaction: Some lessons from industry histories for theory and antitrust policy. In R. B. Lamb (Ed.), Competitive strategic management: 415-445. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
90. Porter, M. E. 1985. Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York: Free Press.
91. Porter, M. E. 1991. Towards a dynamic theory of strategy. Strategic Management Journal, [Special issue] 12: 95-118.
92. Porter, M. E. 1992. The competitive advantage of nations. New York: Free Press.
93. Prescott, J. E., & Smith, D. C. 1987. A project-based approach to competitive analysis. Strategic Management Journal, 8: 411-423.
94. Reed, R., & DeFillippi, R. 1990. Causal ambiguity, barriers to imitation, and sustainable competitive advantage. Academy of Management Review, 15: 88-102.
95. Reger, R. K., & Huff, A. S. 1993. Strategic groups: A cognitive perspective. Strategic Management Journal, 14: 103-124.
96. Rumelt, R. P. 1974. Strategy, structure and economic performance. Boston: Harvard University Press.
97. Rumelt, R. P. 1984. Toward a strategic theory of the firm. In R. Lamb (Ed.), Competitive strategic management: 556-570. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
98. Schelling, T. C. 1960. The strategy of conflict. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
99. Scherer, F. M., & Ross, D. 1990. Industrial market structure and economic performance. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
100. Schuler, R. S., & Jackson, S. E. 1987. Linking competitive strategies with human resource management practices. Academy of Management Executive, 1: 207-219.
101. Schwab, D. P. 1980. Construct validity in organizational behavior. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, vol. 2: 3-43. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
102. Scott, J. T. 1982. Multimarket contact and economic performance. Review of Economics and Statistics, 64: 368-375.
103. Smith, K. G., Grimm, C. M., & Gannon, M. J. 1992. Dynamics of competitive strategy. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
104. Smith, K. G., Grimm, C. M., Gannon, M. J., & Chen, M.-J. 1991. Organizational information processing, competitive responses and performance in the U.S. domestic airline industry. Academy of Management Journal, 34: 60-85.
105. Smith, F. L., & Wilson, R. L. 1995. The predictive validity of the Karnani and Wernerfelt model of multipoint competition. Strategic Management Journal, 16: 143-160.
106. Snow, C., & Hambrick, D. C. 1980. Measuring organizational strategies: Some theoretical and methodological problems. Academy of Management Review, 5: 527-538.
107. Strebel, P. J. 1983. The stock market and competitive analysis. Strategic Management Journal. 4:279-291.
108. Taneja, N. K. 1989. Introduction to civil aviation. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
109. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. 1991. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Working paper, University of California, Berkeley.
110. Teece, D. J., Rumelt, R., Dosi, G., & Winter, S. 1994. Understanding corporate coherence: Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 23: 1-30.
111. Tversky, A. 1977. Features of similarity. Psychological Review, 84: 327-352.
112. Venkatraman, N., & Grant, J. H. 1986. Construct measurement in organizational research: A critique and proposal. Academy of Management Review, 11: 71-87.
113. Weigelt, K., & MacMillan, I. C. 1988. An interactive strategic analysis framework. Strategic Management Journal, [Special issue] 9: 27-40.
114. Weitz, B. A. 1985. Introduction to special issue on competition in marketing. Journal of Marketing Research, 22: 229-236.
115. Wernerfelt, B. 1984. A resource based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5: 171-180.
116. Wernerfelt, B., & Karnani, A. 1987. Competitive strategy under uncertainty. Strategic Management Journal, 8: 187-194.
117. Wilke, J. R. 1990. Push into PCs: NCR is revamping its computer lines in wrenching change. Wall Street Journal. June 20: A1, A8.
118. Winter, S. G. 1987. Knowledge and competence as strategic assets. In D. J. Teece (Ed.), The competitive challenge: 159-184. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
119. Young, G., Smith, K. G., & Grimm, C. M. In press. Antecedents of firm-level competitive activity and performance: Austrian and industrial organization perspectives. Organization Science.
120. Young, M. A. 1987. Sources of competitive data for the management strategist. Strategic Management Journal, 10: 285-293.
121. Zahra, S. A., & Chaples, S. S. 1993. Blind spots in competitive analysis. Academy of Management Executive, 7(2): 7-28.
122. Zajac, E. J., & Bazerman, M. H. 1991. Blind spots in industry and competitor analysis: Implications of interfirm (mis)perception to strategic decisions. Academy of Management Review, 16: 37-46.