Weaning and weaning management of foals: A review and some recommendations

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

Volumn 16, Issue 10, 1996, Pages 428-435

  Apter, R C ^a   Householder, D D ^b  

^a TRUMAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030523433     PISSN: 07370806     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0737-0806(96)80208-5     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Houpt KA, Wolski TR: Equine maternal behavior and its abberations. Equine Pract 1979;1:7.
2. Houpt KA: Horse behavior: Its relevancy to the equine practitioner. J Equine Med Surg 1977;1:87.
3. Crowell-Davis SL, Houpt KA: Maternal behavior. Vet Clin N Amer: Equine Prac 1986;2:557.
4. Crowell-Davis SL: Developmental behavior. Vet Clin N Amer: Equine Pract 1986;2:573.
5. Houpt KA: Ingestive behavior Vet Clin N Amer: Equine Pract 1990;6:319.
6. Wolski TR, Houpt KA, Aronson R: The role of the senses in mare-foal recognition. Appl Anim Ethol 1980;6:121.
7. Waring GH, Wierzbowski S, Hafez ESE: The behavior of horses. In: Hafez ESE (Ed.) The Behaviour of Domestic Animals (3rd ed). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1975;p330.
8. Crowell-Davis SL: Nursing behavior and maternal aggression among Welsh ponies (Equus caballus). Appl Anim Behav Sci 1985;14:11.
9. Carson K, Wood-Gush DGM: Behaviour of Thoroughbred foals during nursing. Equine Vet J 1983;15:257.
10. Tyler SJ: The behaviour and social organization of the New Forest ponies. Anim Behav Monogr 1972;5:87.
11. Waring GH: Horse behavior. Noyes, Park Ridge, NJ, 1983.
12. Fraser D, Ritchie JSD, Fraser AF: The term "stress" in a veterinary context. Br Vet J 1975;131:653.
13. Hoffman RM, Kronfeld DS, Holland JL, Greiwe-Crandell K: Preweaning diet and stall weaning method influences on stress response in foals. J Anim Sci 1995;73:2922.
14. Kilby E: Stress blues. Equus 1981;43:23.
15. Malinowski K, Hallquist NA, Helyar L, Sherman AR, Scanes CG: Effect of different separation protocols between mares and foals on plasma cortisol and cell-mediated immune response. J Equine Vet Sci 1990;10:363.
16. Hoffman RM, Kronfeld DS, Holland JL, Greiwe-Crandell K, Cooper WL: Stall weaning and stress response in foals. Proc 14th Equine Nutr Physiol Soc Symp 1995;p216.
17. Dantzer R, Mormede P: Stress in farm animals: A need for reevaluation. J Anim Sci 1983;57:6.
18. Mench JA, van Tienhoven A: Farm animal welfare. Amer Scientist 1986;74:598.
19. Lewis LD: Equine Clinical Nutrition: Feeding and Care. Baltimore: Lea & Febiger, 1995;341.
20. Houpt KA, HF Hintz: Some effects of maternal deprivation on maintenance behavior, spatial relationships and responses to environmental novelty in foals. Appl Anim Ethol 1983;9:221.
21. Wood-Gush DGM, Duncan IJH, Fraser D: Social stress and welfare problems in agricultural animals. In: The Behaviour of Domestic Animals (3rd ed). Hafez ESE (Ed.) Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins 1975;182.
22. McCall CA, Potter GD, Kreider JL, Jenkins WL: Physiological responses in foals weaned by abrupt or gradual methods. J Equine Vet Sci 1987;7:368.
23. Gibbs PG, Potter GD: Feeding young horses for sound development. Texas Agricultural Extension Service, College Station, TX, Publication B-5043, 1993.
24. Houpt KA: Foal rejection and other behavioral problems in the postpartum period. Comp Contin Ed Pract Vet 1984;6:S144.
25. Turner AF: Managing mares and neonatal foals: The advantages of early weaning. Vet Med 1988;May;p502.
26. Kilby E: Taking the fireworks out of independence day. Equus 1981;45:22.
27. Houpt KA, Hintz HF, Pagan JD: Maternal-offspring bond of ponies fed different amounts of energy. Nutr Behav 1983;1:157.
28. Naylor JM, Bell R: Raising the orphan foal. Vet Clin N Amer: Equine Pract 1985;1:169.
29. Pugh DG, Williams MA: Feeding foals from birth to weaning. Comp Cont Ed Pract Vet 1992;14:526.
30. Glendinning SA: A system of rearing foals on an automatic calf feeding machine. Equine Vet J 1974;6:12.
31. Williams M: The effect of artificial rearing on the social behavior of foals. Equine Vet J 1974;6:17.
32. Crowell-Davis SL, Houpt KA, Carnevale J: Feeding and drinking behavior of mares and foals with free access to pasture and water. J Anim Sci 1985;60:883.
33. Pagan JD, Jackson SG, DeGregorio RM: The effect of early weaning on growth and development in Thoroughbred foals. Proc 13th Equine Nutr Physiol Soc Symp 1993;p76.
34. Knight DA, Tyznik WJ: The effect of artificial rearing on the growth of foals. J Anim Sci 1985;60:1.
35. Gibbs PG: Design and use of creep feeders. In: Texas Horse Owners Reference Guide. Texas Agricultural Extension Service in cooperation with the Department of Animai Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 1994.
36. Houpt KA, Law K, Martinisi V: Dominance hierarchies in domestic horses. Appl Anim Ethol 1978;4:273.
37. Houpt KA, Wolski TR: Stability of equine hierarchies and the prevention of dominance related aggression. Equine Vet J 1980;12:15.
38. Houpt KA, Parsons MS, Hintz HF: Learning ability of orphan foals, of normal foals and of their mothers. J Anim Sci 1982;55:1027.
39. McCall L: Hierarchy. Thoroughbred Rec 1979;210(10): 950.
40. Kruzel MK: Teach your children well. Equus 1980;27:58.
41. McCall CA, Potter GD, Kreider JL: Locomotor, vocal and other behavioral responses to varying methods of weaning foals. Appl Anim Behav Sci 1985;14:27.
42. Gibbs PG, Davison KE: Nutritional management of pregnant and lactating mares. Texas Agricultural Extension Service, College Station, TX Publication B-5025, 1992.
43. Burns D, Gibbs PG, Potter GD: Milk energy production by lactating mares. J Equine Vet Sci 1992;12:114.
44. Schryver HF, Oftedal OT, Williams J, Soderholm LV, Hintz HF: Lactation in the horse: The mineral composition of mare milk. J Nutr 1986;116:2142.
45. Houpt KA, Hintz HF, Butler WR: A preliminary study of two methods of weaning foals. Appl Anim Behav Sci 1984;12:177.
46. McCall J: Reduce the stress of weaning. Paint Horse J 1991;25(3)30.
47. Hintz HF: Some nutritional aspects of colic in horses. Mod Vet Pract 1984;65:A9.
48. Mader DR, Price EO: Discrimination learning in horses: Effects of breed, age and social dominance. J Anim Sci 1980;50:962.
49. Miller R: Imprint Training of the Newborn Foal. Western Horseman, Colorado Springs, CO, 1991.
50. Householder DD: Minimizing weaning stress in foals. In: Texas Horse Owner's Reference Guide, Texas Agricultural Extension Service in cooperation with the Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 1994.