Personality, attitudes, and affect as predictors of second language communication

Journal of Language and Social Psychology

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 3-26

  Macintyre, Peter D ^a   Charos, Catherine ^b  

^a CAPE BRETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030522496     PISSN: 0261927X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0261927X960151001     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Beatty, M. J. (1987). Communication apprehension as a determinant of avoidance, withdrawal and performance anxiety. Communication Quarterly, 35, 202-217.
2. Beatty, M. J. (1988). Situational and predispositional correlates of public speaking anxiety. Communication Education, 37, 28-39.
3. Bem, D. J. (1972). Self-perception theory. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 6, pp. 1-62). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
4. Burgoon, J. K. (1976). The unwillingness to communicate scale: Development and validation. Communication Monographs, 43, 60-69.
5. Chastain, K. (1975). Affective and ability factors in second language acquisition. Language Learning, 25, 153-161.
6. Clément, R. (1980). Ethnicity, contact and communicative competence in a second language. In H. Giles, W. P. Robinson, & P. M. Smith (Eds.), Language: Social psychological perspectives (pp. 147-154). Oxford, UK: Pergamon.
7. Clément, R. (1986). Second language proficiency and acculturation: An investigation of the effects of language status and individual characteristics. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 5, 271-290.
8. Clément, R., Gardner, R. C., & Smythe, P. C. (1977). Motivational variables in second language acquisition: A study of Francophones learning English. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 9, 123-133.
9. Clément, R., Gardner, R. C., & Smythe, P. C. (1980). Social and individual factors in second language acquisition. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 12, 293-302.
10. Clément, R., & Kruidenier, B. G. (1986). The effect of context on the composition and role of orientations in second language acquisition. Ottawa, Canada: International Centre for Research on Bilingualism.
11. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1985). The NEO Personality Inventory Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
12. Daly, J. (1991). Understanding communication apprehension: An introduction for , language educators. In E. K. Horwitz & D. J. Young (Eds.), Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications (pp. 3-13). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
13. Digman, J. M. (1980). Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417-440.
14. Fazio, R. H. (1987). Self-perception theory: A current perspective. In M. P. Zanna, J. M. Olson, & C. P. Herman (Eds.), Social influence: The Ontario Symposium (Vol. 5, pp. 129-150). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
15. Funder, D. (1991). Global traits: A Neo-Allportian approach to personality. Psychological Science, 2, 31-39.
16. Gardner, R. C. (1980). On the validity of affective variables in second language acquisition: Conceptual, contextual and statistical considerations. Language Learning, 32, 255-269.
17. Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. London: Edward Arnold.
18. Gardner, R. C. (1988). The socio-educational model of second language learning: Assumptions, findings and issues. Language Learning, 38, 101-126.
19. Gardner, R. C. (1991). Second language learning in adults: Correlates of proficiency. Applied Language Learning, 2, 1-28.
20. Gardner, R. C., Lalonde, R., & Pierson, R. (1983). The socio-educational model of second language acquisition: An investigation using LISREL causal modelling. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 2, 51-65.
21. Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, W. E. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second language learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
22. Gardner, R. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1992). A student's contributions to second language learning: Part I. Cognitive variables. Language Teaching, 25, 211-220.
23. Gardner, R. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1993a). On the measurement of affective variables in second language learning. Language Learning, 43, 157-194.
24. Gardner, R. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1993b). A student's contributions to second language learning: Part II. Affective variables. Language Teaching, 26, 1-11.
25. Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the big-five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4, 26-42.
26. Goldberg, L. R. (1993). The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist, 48, 26-34.
27. Horwitz, E. K. (1986). Preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of a foreign language anxiety scale. TESOL Quarterly, 22, 559-562.
28. Horwitz, E. K, Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. Modern Language Journal, 70, 125-132.
29. Horwitz, E. K., & Young, D. J. (1991). Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
30. Jöreskog, K., & Sörbom, D. (1989). Lisrel 7 user's reference guide. Mooresville, IN: Scientific Software.
31. Koch, A. S., & Terrell, T. D. (1991). Affective reactions of foreign language students to natural approach activities and teaching techniques. In E. K Horwitz & D. J. Young (Eds.), Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications (pp. 109-126). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
32. Krashen, S. (1981). Second language acquisition and second language learning. Toronto: Pergamon Press.
33. Lalonde, R. N., & Gardner, R. C. (1984). Investigating a causal model of second language acquisition: Where does personality fit? Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 16, 224-237.
34. MacCallum, R. C., Roznowski, M., & Necowitz, L. B. (1992). Model modifications in covariance structure analysis: The problem of capitalization on chance. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 490-504.
35. MacIntyre, P. D. (1992). Anxiety and language learning from a stages of processing perspective. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
36. MacIntyre, P. D. (1994). Variables underlying willingness to communicate: A causal analysis. Communication Research Reports, 11, 135-142.
37. MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1989). Anxiety and second language learning: Toward a theoretical clarification. Language Learning, 39, 251-275.
38. MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991a). Investigating language class anxiety using the focused essay technique. The Modern Language Journal, 75, 296-304.
39. MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991b). Language anxiety: Its relation to other anxieties and to processing in native and second languages. Language Learning, 41, 513-534.
40. MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1991c). Methods and results in the study of anxiety in language learning: A review of the literature. Language Learning, 41, 85-117.
41. MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994a). The effects of induced anxiety on cognitive processing in second language learning. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 16, 1-17.
42. MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994b). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning, 44, 283-305.
43. MacIntyre, P. D., & Noels, K. A. (June, 1994). Communication apprehension, perceived competence, and actual competence in a second language. Presented at the annual conference of the Canadian Psychological Association, Penticton B.C.
44. McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1989). More reasons to adopt the five-factor model. American Psychologist, 44, 451-452.
45. McCroskey, J. C. (1977). Oral communication apprehension: A summary of recent theory and research. Human Communication Research, 4, 78-96.
46. McCroskey, J. C. (1984). The communication apprehension perspective. In J. A. Daly & J. C. McCroskey (Eds.), Avoiding communication (pp. 13-38). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
47. McCroskey, J. C. (1992). Reliability and validity of the willingness to communicate scale. Communication Quarterly, 40, 16-25.
48. McCroskey, J. C., & Baer, J. E. (November, 1985). Willingness to communicate: The construct and its measurement. Paper presented at the annual convention of the Speech Communication Association, Denver.
49. McCroskey, J. C., & McCroskey, L. L. (1986). Predictors of willingness to communicate: Implications for screening and remediation. Paper presented at the annual convention of the International Communication Association, Chicago, IL.
50. McCroskey, J. C., & Richmond, V. P. (1987). Willingness to communicate. In J. C. McCroskey & J. A. Daly (Eds.), Personality and Interpersonal Communication (pp. 129-156). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
51. McCroskey, J. C., & Richmond, V. P. (1991). Willingness to communicate: A cognitive perspective. In M. Booth-Butterfield (Ed.), Communication, cognition, and anxiety (pp. 19-37). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
52. McCroskey, J. C., Richmond, V. P., & McCroskey, L. L. (1987). Correlates of self-perceived communication competence. Paper presented at the annual convention of the International Communication Association, Montreal.
53. Naiman, N., Frolich, M., Stern, H. H., & Todesco, A. (1978). The good language learner. Research in education series, 7. Toronto: OISE.
54. Norman, W. T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer nominated personality ratings. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 574-583.
55. Oxford, R. (1991). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. New York: Newbury House.
56. Pritchard, D. F. (1952). An investigation into the relationship between personality traits and ability in modern languages. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 22, 147-148.
57. Richmond, V. P., & McCroskey, J. C. (1985). Communication: Apprehension, avoidance and effectiveness. Scottsdale, AZ: Gorsuch Scarisbrick.
58. Segalowitz, N. (1976). Communicative incompetence and the non-fluent bilingual. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 8, 122-131.
59. Skehan, P. (1989). Individual differences in second language learning. London: Edward Arnold.
60. Smart, M., Elton, C. F., & Burnett, C. W. (1970). Underachievers and overachievers in intermediate French. Modern Language Journal, 54, 415-442.
61. Swain, M., & Burnaby, B. (1976). Personality characteristics and second language learning in young children: A pilot study. Working Papers on Bilingualism, 11, 115-128.
62. Zakahi, W. R., & McCroskey, J. C. (1989). Willingness to communicate: A potentially confounding variable in communication research. Communication Reports, 2, 96-104.