Effect of confinement area on production, physiological parameters and behaviour of Friesian cows during winter in a temperate climate

South African Journal of Animal Science

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 1-5

  Muller, C J C ^a   Botha, J A ^a   Smith, W A ^b,c  

^a Elsenburg Agricultural Development Institute   (South Africa)

^b STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^c Voermol   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Camp size; Dairy cows; Dry lots; Earthen mound; Feed intake; Temperate climate

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030516351     PISSN: 03751589     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. ALBRIGHT, J.L., 1987. Dairy animal welfare: current and needed research. J. Dairy Sci. 70, 2711.
2. BABSON BROS. CO. ORGANIZATION, 1976. Open air corral systems. In: The way cows will be milked on your dairy tomorrow. Oak Brook. Illinois, USA.
3. BATH, D.L., DICKINSON, F.N., TUCKER, H.A. & APPLEMAN, R.D., 1978. Facilities, equipment, and technological developments. In: Dairy cattle: principles, practices, problems, profits. Lea & Febiger. Philadelphia, USA.
4. CHRISTISON, G.I. & JOHNSON, H.D., 1972. Cortisol turnover in heat-stressed cows. J. Anim. Sci. 35, 1005.
5. ERASMUS, J.A., 1978. Influence of stress on adrenal cortex and thyroid activity of Bos indicus and Bos taurus heifers under kraal and veld conditions. M.Sc. thesis, University of Orange Free State, Bloemfontein.
6. FAYE, B. & BARNOUIN, J., 1985. Objectivation de la propreté des vaches laitières et des stabulation - L'indice de propreté. Bull. Tech. C.R.Z.V. Theix, I.N.R.A. 59, 61.
7. HOFFMAN, M.P. & SELF, H.L., 1970. Shelter and feedlot surface effects on performance of yearling steers. J. Anim. Sci. 31, 967.
8. JARRETT, J.A., 1986. Maintain corrals during the dry season. Hoards Dairyman 131, 10.
9. LARSON, S.A., 1974. An overview of dairy housing in the U.S. In: Ch. 35 Large Dairy Herd Management. Ed. by C.J. Wilcox & H.H. van Horn. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
10. MASSIE, L.R. & BREVIK, T.J., 1982. Earthen mounds can keep your herd high and dry. Hoards Dairyman 127, 740.
11. METZ, J.H.M., 1981. Social reactions of cows when crowded [Abstr.] Appl. Anim. Ethol. 7, 384.
12. METZ, J.H.M., 1985. The reaction of cows to short-term deprivation of lying. Appl. Anim. Behav. 13, 301.
13. MULLER, C.J.C., BOTHA, J.A., COETZER, W.A. & SMITH, W.A., 1994. The effect of shade on various parameters of Friesian cows in a Mediterranean climate in South Africa. 2. Physiological responses. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 24, 56.
14. PETERSEN, P.H., KONGGAARD, S.P., MOLLER-MADSEN, A. & JENSEN, H., 1988. Influence of three housing systems on the environment and udder health of the dairy cow and on the bacteriological quality of the milk. [Abstr.] Dairy Sci. Abstr. 50, 185.
15. SNEDECOR, G.W. & COCHRAN, W.G., 1980. Statistical methods (7th ed.) Iowa State University Press, Ames.
16. SNOEK, H., 1991. Effects of overcrowding in dairy cattle. [Abstr.] Dairy Sci. Abstr. 53, 434.
17. WHITE, T.W., HEMBRY, F.G. & SAXTON, A.M., 1989. Influence of shade and pen surface on performance of steers fed forage diets. [Abstr.] J. Anim. Sci. 67 (Suppl. 1), 443.
18. WIERENGA, H.K., 1981. Consequences of space restriction on the behaviour of loose-housed dairy cows. [Abstr.] Appl. Anim. Ethol. 7, 385.
19. WIERSMA, F., ARMSTRONG, D.V., WELCHERT, W.T. & LOUGH, O.G., 1984. Housing systems for dairy production under warm weather conditions. Wo. Anim. Rev. 50, 16.