메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 77, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 495-506

Abiotic controls of trophic cascades in a simple grassland food chain

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FOOD CHAIN; GRASSHOPPER; GRASSLAND; TROPHIC CASCADE; WOLF SPIDER;

EID: 0030512858     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3545939     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (104)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0027954761 scopus 로고
    • The fallacies of "ratio-dependent" predation
    • Abrams, P. A. 1994. The fallacies of "ratio-dependent" predation. - Ecology 75: 1842-1850.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 1842-1850
    • Abrams, P.A.1
  • 2
    • 0028974970 scopus 로고
    • Ratio-dependent predation: An abstraction that works
    • Akçakaya, H. R, Arditi, R. and Ginzburg, L. R. 1995. Ratio-dependent predation: an abstraction that works. -Ecology 995-1004.
    • (1995) Ecology , pp. 995-1004
    • Akçakaya, H.R.1    Arditi, R.2    Ginzburg, L.R.3
  • 3
    • 4944258042 scopus 로고
    • Coupling in predatorprey dynamics: Ratio-dependence
    • Arditi, R. and Ginzburg, L. R. 1989. Coupling in predatorprey dynamics: ratio-dependence. - J. Theor. Biol. 139: 311-326.
    • (1989) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.139 , pp. 311-326
    • Arditi, R.1    Ginzburg, L.R.2
  • 4
    • 0022854805 scopus 로고
    • Generalist herbivore foraging and its role in competitive interactions
    • Belovsky, G. E. 1986. Generalist herbivore foraging and its role in competitive interactions. - Am. Zool. 26: 51-69.
    • (1986) Am. Zool. , vol.26 , pp. 51-69
    • Belovsky, G.E.1
  • 5
    • 0022831225 scopus 로고
    • Time budgets of grassland herbivores: Body size similarities
    • _ and Slade, J. B. 1986. Time budgets of grassland herbivores: body size similarities. - Oecologia 70: 53-62.
    • (1986) Oecologia , vol.70 , pp. 53-62
    • Slade, J.B.1
  • 6
    • 0027331234 scopus 로고
    • The role of vertebrate and invertebrate predators on a grasshopper community
    • _ and Slade, J. B. 1993. The role of vertebrate and invertebrate predators on a grasshopper community. - Oikos 68: 193-201.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.68 , pp. 193-201
    • Slade, J.B.1
  • 7
    • 0001225818 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of rangeland grasshoppers: Differing dominant mechanisms in space and time
    • Cappucino, N. and Price, P. (eds), Academic Press, New York
    • _ and Joern, A. 1995. Regulation of rangeland grasshoppers: differing dominant mechanisms in space and time. - In: Cappucino, N. and Price, P. (eds), Population dynamics, new approaches and synthesis. Academic Press, New York, pp. 359-386.
    • (1995) Population Dynamics, New Approaches and Synthesis , pp. 359-386
    • Joern, A.1
  • 8
    • 0028974629 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of some Montana grasshopper populations: Relationships among weather, food and intraspecific competition
    • _ and Slade, J. B. 1995 Dynamics of some Montana grasshopper populations: relationships among weather, food and intraspecific competition. - Oecologia 101: 383-396.
    • (1995) Oecologia , vol.101 , pp. 383-396
    • Slade, J.B.1
  • 9
    • 0025235921 scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility to predation for different grasshoppers: An experimental study
    • _ , Slade, J. B. and Stockoff, B. A. 1990. Susceptibility to predation for different grasshoppers: an experimental study. - Ecology 71: 624-634.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 624-634
    • Slade, J.B.1    Stockoff, B.A.2
  • 10
    • 0027036320 scopus 로고
    • Effects of bird predation on grasshopper densities in an Arizona grassland
    • Bock, C. E., Bock, J. H. and Grant, M. C. 1992. Effects of bird predation on grasshopper densities in an Arizona grassland. - Ecology 73: 1706-1717.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 1706-1717
    • Bock, C.E.1    Bock, J.H.2    Grant, M.C.3
  • 11
    • 0001488965 scopus 로고
    • Cascading trophic interactions and lake productivity
    • Carpenter, S R., Kitchell, J. F. and Hodgson, J. R. 1985. Cascading trophic interactions and lake productivity. -BioScience 35: 634-639.
    • (1985) BioScience , vol.35 , pp. 634-639
    • Carpenter, S.R.1    Kitchell, J.F.2    Hodgson, J.R.3
  • 12
    • 0000592582 scopus 로고
    • Grasshopper thermoregulation
    • Chapman, R. F. and Joern, A. (eds), Wiley, New York
    • Chapell, M. A. and Whitman, D. W. 1990. Grasshopper thermoregulation. - In: Chapman, R. F. and Joern, A. (eds), Biology of grasshoppers. Wiley, New York, pp. 143-172.
    • (1990) Biology of Grasshoppers , pp. 143-172
    • Chapell, M.A.1    Whitman, D.W.2
  • 13
    • 0030303811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential competitive interactions and the included niche: An experimental analysis with grasshoppers
    • Chase, J. M. 1996a. Differential competitive interactions and the included niche: an experimental analysis with grasshoppers. - Oikos 76: 103-112.
    • (1996) Oikos , vol.76 , pp. 103-112
    • Chase, J.M.1
  • 14
    • 0029728998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Varying resource abundances and competitive dynamics
    • _ 1996b. Varying resource abundances and competitive dynamics. - Am. Nat. 147: 649-654.
    • (1996) Am. Nat. , vol.147 , pp. 649-654
  • 15
    • 0028178697 scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence for the included niche
    • _ and Belovsky, G. E. 1994. Experimental evidence for the included niche. - Am. Nat. 143: 514-527.
    • (1994) Am. Nat. , vol.143 , pp. 514-527
    • Belovsky, G.E.1
  • 16
    • 0001730706 scopus 로고
    • Stability and connectance in food web models
    • DeAngelis, D. 1975. Stability and connectance in food web models. - Ecology 56: 238-243.
    • (1975) Ecology , vol.56 , pp. 238-243
    • DeAngelis, D.1
  • 17
    • 0001303449 scopus 로고
    • Factors limiting higher vertebrate populations
    • Errington, P. 1956. Factors limiting higher vertebrate populations. - Science 124: 304-307.
    • (1956) Science , vol.124 , pp. 304-307
    • Errington, P.1
  • 18
    • 0000867817 scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects of generalist predators on a terrestrial arthropod community
    • Fagan, W. F. and Hurd, L. E. 1991. Direct and indirect effects of generalist predators on a terrestrial arthropod community. - Am. Midl. Nat. 126: 380-384.
    • (1991) Am. Midl. Nat. , vol.126 , pp. 380-384
    • Fagan, W.F.1    Hurd, L.E.2
  • 19
    • 0026268582 scopus 로고
    • Effects of avian predation on grasshopper populations in North Dakota grasslands
    • Fowler, A C., Knight, R. L., George, T. L. and McEwan, L. 1991. Effects of avian predation on grasshopper populations in North Dakota grasslands. - Ecology 72: 1775-1781.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 1775-1781
    • Fowler, A.C.1    Knight, R.L.2    George, T.L.3    McEwan, L.4
  • 20
    • 0001274937 scopus 로고
    • The regulation of plant communities by food chains exploiting them
    • Fretwell, S. D. 1977. The regulation of plant communities by food chains exploiting them. - Persp. Biol. Med. 20: 169-185.
    • (1977) Persp. Biol. Med. , vol.20 , pp. 169-185
    • Fretwell, S.D.1
  • 21
    • 0023501823 scopus 로고
    • Food chain dynamics: The central theory of ecology?
    • _ 1987. Food chain dynamics: the central theory of ecology? - Oikos 50: 291-301.
    • (1987) Oikos , vol.50 , pp. 291-301
  • 22
    • 0027806495 scopus 로고
    • Cause-effect relationships in energy flow, trophic structure, and interspecific interactions
    • Hairston, N. G., Jr. and Hairston, N. G., Sr. 1993. Cause-effect relationships in energy flow, trophic structure, and interspecific interactions. - Am. Nat. 142: 379-411.
    • (1993) Am. Nat. , vol.142 , pp. 379-411
    • Hairston Jr., N.G.1    Hairston Sr., N.G.2
  • 23
    • 0001030091 scopus 로고
    • Community structure, population control, and competition
    • Hairston, N. G., Smith, F. E. and Slobodkin, L. B. 1960. Community structure, population control, and competition. - Am. Nat. 44: 421-425.
    • (1960) Am. Nat. , vol.44 , pp. 421-425
    • Hairston, N.G.1    Smith, F.E.2    Slobodkin, L.B.3
  • 24
    • 0026579951 scopus 로고
    • Playing chutes and ladders: Heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities
    • Hunter, M. D. and Price, P. W. 1992. Playing chutes and ladders: heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities. - Ecology 73: 724-732.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 724-732
    • Hunter, M.D.1    Price, P.W.2
  • 25
    • 0025603943 scopus 로고
    • Arthropod community responses to manipulation of a bitrophic predator guild
    • Hurd, L. E. and Eisenburg, R. M. 1990. Arthropod community responses to manipulation of a bitrophic predator guild. - Ecology 71: 2107-2114.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 2107-2114
    • Hurd, L.E.1    Eisenburg, R.M.2
  • 26
    • 0022920055 scopus 로고
    • Experimental study of avian predation on coexisting grasshopper populations (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in a sandhills grassland
    • Joern, A. 1986. Experimental study of avian predation on coexisting grasshopper populations (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in a sandhills grassland. - Oikos 46: 243-249.
    • (1986) Oikos , vol.46 , pp. 243-249
    • Joern, A.1
  • 27
    • 0024234176 scopus 로고
    • Foraging behavior and switching by the grasshopper sparrow Ammodramus savannarum
    • _ 1988. Foraging behavior and switching by the grasshopper sparrow Ammodramus savannarum. - Am. Midl. Nat. 119: 225-234.
    • (1988) Am. Midl. Nat. , vol.119 , pp. 225-234
  • 28
    • 0026499440 scopus 로고
    • Variable impact of avian predation on grasshopper assemblies in sandhills grassland
    • _ 1992. Variable impact of avian predation on grasshopper assemblies in sandhills grassland. - Oikos 64: 458-463.
    • (1992) Oikos , vol.64 , pp. 458-463
  • 29
    • 0020375228 scopus 로고
    • Impact of predation by the robber fly Proctacanthus milbertii (Diptera: Asilidae) on grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) populations
    • _ and Rudd, N. T. 1982. Impact of predation by the robber fly Proctacanthus milbertii (Diptera: Asilidae) on grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) populations. - Oecologia 55: 42-46.
    • (1982) Oecologia , vol.55 , pp. 42-46
    • Rudd, N.T.1
  • 30
    • 0002322580 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics and regulation in grasshoppers
    • Chapman, R. F. and Joern, A. (eds), Wiley, New York
    • _ and Gaines, S. B. 1990. Population dynamics and regulation in grasshoppers. - In: Chapman, R. F. and Joern, A. (eds), Biology of grasshoppers. Wiley, New York, pp. 415-482.
    • (1990) Biology of Grasshoppers , pp. 415-482
    • Gaines, S.B.1
  • 31
    • 0004474757 scopus 로고
    • The role of spiders in the decrease of damages caused by Acridoidea on meadows-experimental investigations
    • Kajak, A., Andrzejewka, L. and Wojik, Z. 1968. The role of spiders in the decrease of damages caused by Acridoidea on meadows-experimental investigations. - Ekol. Pol. (A) 16: 755-764.
    • (1968) Ekol. Pol. (A) , vol.16 , pp. 755-764
    • Kajak, A.1    Andrzejewka, L.2    Wojik, Z.3
  • 33
    • 0024878191 scopus 로고
    • Resource edibility and the effects of predators and productivity on the outcome of trophic interactions
    • Leibold, M. A. 1989. Resource edibility and the effects of predators and productivity on the outcome of trophic interactions - Am. Nat. 134: 922-949.
    • (1989) Am. Nat. , vol.134 , pp. 922-949
    • Leibold, M.A.1
  • 34
    • 0030472659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A graphical model of keystone predators in food webs: Trophic regulation of abundance, incidence and diversity patterns in communities
    • _ 1996. A graphical model of keystone predators in food webs: trophic regulation of abundance, incidence and diversity patterns in communities - Am. Nat. 147: 784-812.
    • (1996) Am. Nat. , vol.147 , pp. 784-812
  • 36
    • 0022842294 scopus 로고
    • Trophic relationships in freshwater pelagic ecosystems
    • McQueen, D. J., Post, J. R. and Mills, E. 1986. Trophic relationships in freshwater pelagic ecosystems. - Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43: 1571-1581.
    • (1986) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 1571-1581
    • McQueen, D.J.1    Post, J.R.2    Mills, E.3
  • 37
    • 0024915450 scopus 로고
    • Bottom-up and top-down impacts on freshwater pelagic community structure
    • _ , Johannes, M. R. S , Post, J. R., Stewart, T. J. and Lean, D. R. S. 1989. Bottom-up and top-down impacts on fresh-water pelagic community structure. - Ecol. Monogr. 59: 289-309.
    • (1989) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.59 , pp. 289-309
    • Johannes, M.R.S.1    Post, J.R.2    Stewart, T.J.3    Lean, D.R.S.4
  • 38
    • 0026498760 scopus 로고
    • Community regulation: Under what conditions are bottom-up factors important on rocky shores?
    • Menge, B. A. 1992. Community regulation: under what conditions are bottom-up factors important on rocky shores? -Ecology 73: 755-765.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 755-765
    • Menge, B.A.1
  • 39
    • 0001544867 scopus 로고
    • The keystone species concept in ecology and conservation
    • Mills, L. S., Soule, M. E. and Doak, D. F. 1993. The keystone species concept in ecology and conservation. - Biosicience 43: 219-224.
    • (1993) Biosicience , vol.43 , pp. 219-224
    • Mills, L.S.1    Soule, M.E.2    Doak, D.F.3
  • 40
    • 0000591949 scopus 로고
    • Trophic relations and ontogenetic niche shifts in aquatic ecosystems
    • Ebenman, B. and Persson, L (eds), Springer, Berlin
    • Mittelbach, G. G., Osenberg, C. and Leibold, M. A. 1988. Trophic relations and ontogenetic niche shifts in aquatic ecosystems. - In: Ebenman, B. and Persson, L (eds), Size structured populations: ecology and evolution. Springer, Berlin, pp. 217-235.
    • (1988) Size Structured Populations: Ecology and Evolution , pp. 217-235
    • Mittelbach, G.G.1    Osenberg, C.2    Leibold, M.A.3
  • 41
    • 0024194633 scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem organization: Mutualism and cybernetics or plain Darwinian struggle for existence?
    • Oksanen, L. 1988. Ecosystem organization: mutualism and cybernetics or plain Darwinian struggle for existence? -Am. Nat. 131: 424-444.
    • (1988) Am. Nat. , vol.131 , pp. 424-444
    • Oksanen, L.1
  • 42
    • 0000376685 scopus 로고
    • Exploitation ecosystems along gradients of primary productivity
    • _ , Fretwell, S. D., Arrüda, J. and Niemela, P. 1981. Exploitation ecosystems along gradients of primary productivity. -Am. Nat. 118: 240-261.
    • (1981) Am. Nat. , vol.118 , pp. 240-261
    • Fretwell, S.D.1    Arrüda, J.2    Niemela, P.3
  • 43
    • 0027085184 scopus 로고
    • The time-scale problem in exploiter-victim models: Does the solution lie in ratio-dependent exploitation?
    • _ , Moen, J. and Lundberg, P. A. 1992. The time-scale problem in exploiter-victim models: does the solution lie in ratio-dependent exploitation? - Am. Nat. 140: 938-960.
    • (1992) Am. Nat. , vol.140 , pp. 938-960
    • Moen, J.1    Lundberg, P.A.2
  • 44
    • 0000149002 scopus 로고
    • Food webs: Linkage, interaction strength and community infrastructure
    • Paine, R. T. 1980. Food webs: linkage, interaction strength and community infrastructure. - J. Anim. Ecol. 49: 667-685.
    • (1980) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.49 , pp. 667-685
    • Paine, R.T.1
  • 45
    • 0026472030 scopus 로고
    • Food-web analysis through field measurement of per capita interaction strength
    • _ 1992. Food-web analysis through field measurement of per capita interaction strength. - Nature 355: 73-75.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.355 , pp. 73-75
  • 46
    • 0002517928 scopus 로고
    • Some effects of temperature and moisture upon Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus Saussure and Camnula pellucida Scudder (Orthoptera)
    • Parker, J. R. 1930. Some effects of temperature and moisture upon Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus Saussure and Camnula pellucida Scudder (Orthoptera). - Mont. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 223.
    • (1930) Mont. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. , vol.223
    • Parker, J.R.1
  • 47
    • 0004290829 scopus 로고
    • Chapman and Hall, London
    • Pimm, S. L. 1982. Food webs. - Chapman and Hall, London.
    • (1982) Food Webs
    • Pimm, S.L.1
  • 48
    • 0028165502 scopus 로고
    • Food webs, trophic cascades and community structure
    • Polis, G. A. 1994. Food webs, trophic cascades and community structure. - Aust. J. Ecol. 19: 121-136.
    • (1994) Aust. J. Ecol. , vol.19 , pp. 121-136
    • Polis, G.A.1
  • 50
    • 0025694323 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fish in river food webs
    • Power, M. E. 1990. Effects of fish in river food webs. - Science 250: 811-814.
    • (1990) Science , vol.250 , pp. 811-814
    • Power, M.E.1
  • 51
    • 0026592785 scopus 로고
    • Top-down and bottom-up forces in food webs: Do plants have primacy?
    • _ 1992. Top-down and bottom-up forces in food webs: do plants have primacy? - Ecology 73: 733-746.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 733-746
  • 52
    • 0027870944 scopus 로고
    • Predictions of specific interactions from consumer-resource theory: Experimental tests with grasshoppers and plants
    • Ritchie, M. E. and Tilman, D. 1993. Predictions of specific interactions from consumer-resource theory: experimental tests with grasshoppers and plants. - Oecologia 94: 516-527.
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.94 , pp. 516-527
    • Ritchie, M.E.1    Tilman, D.2
  • 53
    • 0002871331 scopus 로고
    • Why the prey curve has a hump
    • Rosenzweig, M. L. 1969. Why the prey curve has a hump. -Am. Nat. 103: 81-87.
    • (1969) Am. Nat. , vol.103 , pp. 81-87
    • Rosenzweig, M.L.1
  • 54
    • 0015243940 scopus 로고
    • Paradox of enrichment: Destabilization of exploitation ecosystems in ecological time
    • _ 1971. Paradox of enrichment: destabilization of exploitation ecosystems in ecological time. - Science 171: 385-387.
    • (1971) Science , vol.171 , pp. 385-387
  • 55
    • 0001524531 scopus 로고
    • Exploitation in three trophic levels
    • _ 1973a. Exploitation in three trophic levels. - Am. Nat. 107: 275-294.
    • (1973) Am. Nat. , vol.107 , pp. 275-294
  • 56
    • 0001944309 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the predator isocline
    • _ 1973b. Evolution of the predator isocline. - Evolution 27: 84-94.
    • (1973) Evolution , vol.27 , pp. 84-94
  • 57
    • 0001471715 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of biological exploitation
    • _ 1977. Aspects of biological exploitation. - Q. Rev. Biol. 52: 371-380.
    • (1977) Q. Rev. Biol. , vol.52 , pp. 371-380
  • 58
    • 0001524523 scopus 로고
    • Graphical representation and stability conditions of predator-prey interactions
    • _ and MacArthur, R. H. 1963. Graphical representation and stability conditions of predator-prey interactions. - Am. Nat. 97: 209-223.
    • (1963) Am. Nat. , vol.97 , pp. 209-223
    • MacArthur, R.H.1
  • 60
    • 0027101435 scopus 로고
    • Exploitation in model food chains with mechanistic consumer resource dynamics
    • Schmitz, O. J. 1992. Exploitation in model food chains with mechanistic consumer resource dynamics. - Theor. Popul. Biol. 41: 161-183.
    • (1992) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.41 , pp. 161-183
    • Schmitz, O.J.1
  • 61
    • 0027843899 scopus 로고
    • Trophic exploitation in grassland food chains: Simple models and a field experiment
    • _ 1993. Trophic exploitation in grassland food chains: simple models and a field experiment. - Oecologia 93: 327-335.
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.93 , pp. 327-335
  • 62
    • 0028332929 scopus 로고
    • Resource edibility and trophic exploitation in an old-field food web
    • _ 1994. Resource edibility and trophic exploitation in an old-field food web. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 5364-5367.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 5364-5367
  • 63
    • 0015593947 scopus 로고
    • Population growth regulated by intraspecific competition for energy or time
    • Schoener, T. W. 1973. Population growth regulated by intraspecific competition for energy or time. - Theor. Popul. Biol. 4: 56-84.
    • (1973) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 56-84
    • Schoener, T.W.1
  • 64
    • 0024875977 scopus 로고
    • Food webs from the small to the large
    • _ 1989. Food webs from the small to the large. - Ecology 70: 1559-1589.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 1559-1589
  • 65
    • 0022169684 scopus 로고
    • Predation, competition, and prey communities: A review of field experiments
    • Sih, A., Crowley, P., McPeek, M., Petranka, J. and Strohmeier, K. 1985. Predation, competition, and prey communities: a review of field experiments. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 16: 269-311.
    • (1985) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.16 , pp. 269-311
    • Sih, A.1    Crowley, P.2    McPeek, M.3    Petranka, J.4    Strohmeier, K.5
  • 66
    • 0001220095 scopus 로고
    • Regulation in terrestrial ecosystems, and the implied balance of nature
    • Slobodkin, L. B., Smith, F E. and Hairston, N. G. 1967. Regulation in terrestrial ecosystems, and the implied balance of nature. - Am. Nat. 101: 109-124.
    • (1967) Am. Nat. , vol.101 , pp. 109-124
    • Slobodkin, L.B.1    Smith, F.E.2    Hairston, N.G.3
  • 67
    • 0026549291 scopus 로고
    • Are trophic cascades all wet? The redundant differentiation in trophic architecture of high diversity ecosystems
    • Strong, D. R. 1992. Are trophic cascades all wet? The redundant differentiation in trophic architecture of high diversity ecosystems. - Ecology 73: 747-754.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 747-754
    • Strong, D.R.1
  • 68
    • 84981840382 scopus 로고
    • The digestibility of the leaves and stems of perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot, timothy, tall fescue, lucerne and sainfoin as measured by an in vitro procedure
    • Terry, R. A. and Tilley, J. M. A. 1964. The digestibility of the leaves and stems of perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot, timothy, tall fescue, lucerne and sainfoin as measured by an in vitro procedure. - J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 19: 363-370.
    • (1964) J. Br. Grassl. Soc. , vol.19 , pp. 363-370
    • Terry, R.A.1    Tilley, J.M.A.2
  • 69
    • 34250275624 scopus 로고
    • The importance of relative shortage of food in animal ecology
    • White, T. C. R. 1978. The importance of relative shortage of food in animal ecology. - Oecologia 33: 71-86.
    • (1978) Oecologia , vol.33 , pp. 71-86
    • White, T.C.R.1
  • 71
    • 0028165937 scopus 로고
    • The nature and consequences of indirect effects in ecological communities
    • Wootton, J. T. 1994. The nature and consequences of indirect effects in ecological communities. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 25: 443-466.
    • (1994) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.25 , pp. 443-466
    • Wootton, J.T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.