A review of long-term studies evaluating the efficacy of weight loss in ameliorating disorders associated with obesity

Clinical Therapeutics

Volumn 18, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 1006-1035

  Pi Sunyer, F Xavier ^a  

^a ST LUKE S ROOSEVELT HOSPITAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ATENOLOL; CHLORTALIDONE; DIURETIC AGENT; FENFLURAMINE; GUANETHIDINE; HYDRALAZINE;

BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIET; DISEASE SEVERITY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; FOLLOW UP; GALLBLADDER DISEASE; GOUT; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LIPID METABOLISM; LONG TERM CARE; META ANALYSIS; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; OSTEOARTHRITIS; RESPIRATORY DISTRESS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SYMPTOM; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 0030512284     PISSN: 01492918     EISSN: 1879114X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0149-2918(96)80057-9     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Pi-Sunyer FX. Health implications of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53:1595S-1603S.
2. Pi-Sunyer FX. Medical hazards of obesity. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:655-660.
3. Kanders BS, Blackburn GL. Reducing primary risk factors by therapeutic weight loss. In: Wadden TA, Van Itallie TB, eds. Treatment of the Seriously Obese Patient. New York: Guilford Press; 1992:213-230.
4. Pi-Sunyer FX. Short-term medical benefits and adverse effects of weight loss. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:722-726.
5. Goldstein DJ. Beneficial health effects of modest weight loss. Int J Obes. 1992;16: 397-415.
6. Atkinson RL. Proposed standards for judging the success of the treatment of obesity. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:677-680.
7. Goldstein DJ, Potvin JH. Long-term weight loss: The effect of pharmacologie agents. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;60:647-657.
8. Hirsch J. Comments on "Long-term weight loss: The effect of pharmacologic agents," by DJ Goldstein and JH Potvin. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;60:658-659.
9. Reisin E, Abel R, Modan M, et al. Effect of weight loss without salt restriction on the reduction of blood pressure in overweight hypertensive patients. NEJM. 1978;298:1-6.
10. Fletcher AP. The effect of weight reduction upon the blood-pressure of obese hypertensive women. Q J Med. 1954;23:331-345.
11. Krzesinski J-M, Janssens M, Vanderspeeten F, Rorive G. Importance of weight loss and sodium restriction in the treatment of mild and moderate essential hypertension. Acta Clin Belg. 1993;48:234-245.
12. Tuck ML, Sowers J, Dornfeld L, et al. The effect of plasma reduction on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone levels in obese patients. NEJM. 1981;304:930-933.
13. Wassertheil-Smoller S, Blaufox MD, Oberman AS, et al. The Trial of Antihypertensive Interventions and Management (TAIM) study. Arch Intern Med. 1992; 152:131-136.
14. Oberman A, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Langford HG, et al. Pharmacologic and nutritional treatment of mild hypertension: Changes in cardiovascular risk status. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:89-95.
15. Davis BR, Oberman A, Blaufox MD, et al. Effect of antihypertensive therapy on weight loss. Hypertension. 1992;19:393-399.
16. Heyden S. The workingman's diet, II: Effects of weight reduction in obese patients with hypertension, diabetes, hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia. Nutr Metab. 1978;22:141-159.
17. MacMahon SW, MacDonald GJ, Bernstein L, et al. Comparison of weight reduction with metoprolol in treatment of hypertension in young overweight patients. Lancet. 1985;8440:1233-1236.
18. Corrigan SA, Raczynski JM, Swencionis C, Jenigs SG. Weight reduction in the prevention and treatment of hypertension: A review of representative clinical trials. Am J Health Promot. 1991;5:208-214.
19. Vertes V. Weight reduction for control of systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 1987;60:48G-54G.
20. Eliahou HE, Iaina A, Gaon T, et al. Body weight reduction necessary to attain normotension in the overweight hypertensive patient. Int J Obes. 1981;5(Suppl 1): 157-163.
21. Joint National Committee. The 1988 report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1988;148:1023-1038.
22. Schotte DE, Stunkard AJ. The effect of weight reduction on blood pressure in 301 obese patients. Arch Intern Med. 1990; 150:1701-1704.
23. Kanders BS, Blackburn GL, Lavin P, Norton D. Weight loss outcome and health benefits associated with the Optifast program in the treatment of obesity. Int J Obes. 1989;13(Suppl 2):131-134.
24. Mancini M, Di Biase G, Contaldo F, et al. Medical complications of severe obesity: Importance of treatment by very-low-calorie diets: Intermediate and long-term effects. Int J Obes. 1981;5:341-352.
25. Foley EF, Benotti PN, Borlase BC, et al. Impact of gastric restrictive surgery on hypertension in the morbidly obese. Am J Surg. 1992;163:294-297.
26. Carson JL, Ruddy ME, Duff AE, et al. The effect of gastric bypass surgery on hypertension in morbidly obese patients. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:193-200.
27. Higgins M, D'Agostino R, Kannel W, Cobb J. Benefits and adverse effects of weight loss: Observations from the Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:758-763.
28. Langford HG, Blaufox MD, Oberman A, et al. Dietary therapy slows the return of hypertension after stopping prolonged medication. JAMA. 1985;253:657-664.
29. Stamler R, Stamler J, Grimm R, et al. Nutritional therapy for high blood pressure: Final report of a four-year randomized clinical trial - the Hypertension Control Program. JAMA. 1987;257:1484-1491.
30. Stevens VJ, Corrigan SA, Obarzanek E, et al, for the TOHP Collaborative Research Group. Weight loss intervention in Phase 1 of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:849-858.
31. Ramsay LE, Ramsay MH, Hettiarachchi J, et al. Weight reduction in a blood pressure clinic. BMJ. 1978;2:244-245.
32. Heyden S, Borhani NO, Tyroler HA, et al. The relationship of weight change to changes in blood pressure, serum uric acid, cholesterol and glucose in the treatment of hypertension. J Chron Dis. 1985; 38:281-288.
33. Davis BR, Blaufox MD, Oberman A, et al. Reduction in long-term antihypertensive medication requirements: Effects of weight reduction by dietary intervention in overweight persons with mild hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:1773-1782.
34. Follick MJ, Abrams DB, Smith TW, et al. Contrasting short- and long-term effects of weight loss on lipoprotein levels. Arch Intern Med. 1984;144:1571-1574.
35. Carmena R, Ascaso JF, Tebar J, Soriano J. Changes in plasma high-density lipoproteins after body weight reduction in obese women. Im J Obes. 1984;8:135-140.
36. Fachnie JD, Foreback CC. Effects of weight reduction, exercise, and diet modification on lipids and apolipoproteins A-1 and B in severely obese persons. Henry Ford Hosp Med J. 1987;35:216-220.
37. Schieffer B, Moore D, Funke E, et al. Reduction of atherogenic risk factors by short-term weight reduction. Klin Wochenschr. 1991;69:163-167.
38. Wylie-Rosett J, Swencionis C, Peters MH, et al. A weight reduction intervention that optimizes use of practitioner's time, lowers glucose level, and raises HDL cholesterol level in older adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 1994;94:37-42.
39. Hall Y, Stamler J, Cohen DB, et al. Effectiveness of a low saturated fat, low cholesterol, weight-reducing diet for the control of hypertriglyceridemia. Atherosclerosis. 1972;16:389-403.
40. Wood PD, Stefanick ML, Dreon DM, et al. Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight men during weight loss through dieting as compared with exercise. NEJM. 1988;319:1173-1179.
41. Brolin RE, Kenler HA, Wilson AC, et al. Serum lipids after gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity. Int J Obes. 1990;14: 939-950.
42. Weintraub M, Sundaresan PR, Schuster B. Long-term weight control study VII (weeks 0 to 210). Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1992;51:634-641.
43. National Cholesterol Education Program. Second Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health, 1993.
44. Hubert HB, Feinleib M, McNamara PM, Castelli WP. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: A 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1983;67:968-977.
45. MacMahon SW, Wilkens DE, MacDonald GJ. The effect of weight reduction on left ventricular mass: A randomized controlled trial in young overweight hypertensives. NEJM. 1986;314:334-339.
46. Alpert MA, Terry BE, Kelly DL. Effect of weight loss on cardiac chamber size, wall thickness and left ventricular function in morbid obesity. Am J Cardiol. 1985;55: 783-786.
47. Alaud-din A, Meterissan S, Lisboa R. Assessment of cardiac function in patients who were morbidly obese. Surgery. 1990; 108:809-820.
48. Hughes TA, Gwynne JT, Switzer BR, et al. Effects of caloric restriction and weight loss on glycemic control, insulin release and resistance, and atherosclerotic risk in obese patients with Type II diabetes mellitus. Am J Med. 1984;77:7-17.
49. Bitzén P-O, Melander A, Scherstén B, Svensson M. Efficacy of dietary regulation in primary health care patients with hyperglycaemia detected by screening. Diabetic Med. 1988;5:640-647.
50. Carpenter MA, Bodansky HJ. Drug treatment of obesity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Med. 1990;7:99-104.
51. Henry RR, Wiest-Kent TA, Scheaffer L, et al. Metabolic consequences of very-low-calorie diet therapy in obese non-insulin-dependent diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes. 1986;35:155-164.
52. Henry RR, Wallace P, Olefsky JM. Effects of weight loss on mechanisms of hyperglycemia in obese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 1986;35: 990-998.
53. Amatruda JM, Richeson JF, Welle SL, et al. The safety and efficacy of a controlled low-energy ("very-low-calorie") diet in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes and obesity. Arch Intern Med. 1988;148:873-877.
54. Henry RR, Gumbiner B. Benefits and limitations of very-low-calorie diet therapy in obese NIDDM. Diabetes Care. 1991; 14:802-823.
55. Fitz JD, Sperling EM, Fein HG. A hypocaloric high-protein diet as primary therapy for adults with obesity-related diabetes: Effective long-term use in a community hospital. Diabetes Care. 1983;6: 328-333.
56. Wing RR, Marcus MD, Blair EH, et al. Caloric restriction per se is a significant factor in improvements in glycemic control and insulin sensitivity during weight loss in obese NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care. 1994;17:30-36.
57. Wing RR, Koeske R, Epstein LH, et al. Long-term effects of modest weight loss in Type II diabetic patients. Arch Intern Med. 1987;147:1749-1753.
58. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. UK Prospective Diabetes Study 7: Response of fasting plasma glucose to diet therapy in newly presenting Type II diabetic patients. Metabolism. 1990;39: 905-912.
59. Watts NB, Spanheimer RG, DiGirolamo M, et al. Prediction of glucose response to weight loss in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 1990;150:803-806.
60. Wing RR, Shoemaker M, Marcus MD, et al. Variables associated with weight loss and improvements in glycemic control in Type II diabetic patients in behavioral weight control programs. Int J Obes. 1990;14:495-503.
61. Pories WJ, Macdonald KG Jr, Morgan EJ, et al. Surgical treatment of obesity and its effect on diabetes: 10 y follow-up. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55:582S-585S.
62. Schlierf G, Schellenberg B, Stiehl A, et al. Biliary cholesterol saturation and weight reduction - effects of fasting and low-calorie diet. Digestion. 1981;21:44-49.
63. Reuben A, Qureshi Y, Murphy GM, Dowling RH. Effect of obesity and weight reduction on biliary cholesterol saturation and the response to chenodeoxycholic acid. Eur J Clin Invest. 1985;16:133-142.
64. Mazzella G, Bazzoli F, Festi D, et al. Comparative evaluation of chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acids in obese patients: Effects of biliary lipid metabolism during weight maintenance and weight reduction. Gastroenterology. 1991;101: 490-496.
65. Maclure KM, Hayes KC, Colditz GA, et al. Weight, diet, and the risk of symptomatic gallstones in middle-aged women. NEJM. 1989;321:563-569.
66. Hofmann AF. Primary and secondary prevention of gallstone disease: Implications for patient management and research priorities. Am J Surg. 1993;165:541-548.
67. Peiser J, Lavie P, Ovnat A, Charuzi I. Sleep apnea syndrome in the morbidly obese as an indication for weight reduction surgery. Ann Surg. 1984;199:112-115.
68. Charuzi I, Ovnat A, Peiser J, et al. The effect of surgical weight reduction on sleep quality in obesity-related sleep apnea syndrome. Surgery. 1985;97:535-538.
69. Pons JP-B, Montanari AR. Eficacia de la pérdida de peso en el tratamiento del síndrome de apneas obstructivas durante el sueño. Experiencia en 135 pacientes. Med Clin (Barc). 1992;98:45-48.
70. Aubert G. Alternative therapeutic approaches in sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep. 1992;15:S69-S72.
71. Nahmias J, Kirschner M, Karetzky MS. Weight loss and OSA and pulmonary function in obesity. N Jersey Med. 1993;90: 48-53.
72. Star VL, Hochberg MC. Prevention and management of gout. Drugs. 1993;45: 212-222.
73. Nicholls A, Scott JT. Effects of weight loss on plasma and urinary levels of uric acid. Lancet. 1972;2:1223-1224.
74. Jones AC, Doherty M. The treatment of osteoarthritis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1992; 33:357-363.
75. Bradley MH, Golden EL. Powdered meal replacements - can they benefit overweight patients with concomitant conditions exacerbated by obesity? Curr Ther Res. 1990;47:429-436.
76. Anderson JJ, Felson DT. Factors associated with osteoarthritis of the knee in the first national Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES I). Evidence for an association with overweight, race, and physical demands of work. Am J Epidemiol. 1988;128:179-189.