Cytokinin metabolites and gradients in wild type and transgenic tobacco with moderate cytokinin over-production

Physiologia Plantarum

Volumn 98, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 333-344

  Eklöf, Staffan ^a   Åstot, Crister ^a   Moritz, Thomas ^a   Blackwell, John ^a   Olsson, Olof ^b   Sandberg, Göran ^a  

^a SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Cytokinin oxidase; Cytokinins; Gradients; ipt gene; Nicotiana tabacum; Promoterless; Ribotides; Tobacco; Zeatin; Zeatin conjugation; Zeatin 7 glucoside

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030499690     PISSN: 00319317     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.980215.x     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Ainley, W. M., McNeil, K. J., Hill, J. W., Lingle, W. L., Simpson, R. B., Brenner, M. L., Nagao, R. T. & Key, J. L. 1993. Regulatable endogenous production of cytokinins up to toxic levels in transgenic plants and plant tissues. - Plant Mol. Biol. 22: 13-23.
2. Akiyoshi, D. E., Klee, H., Amasino, R. M., Nester, E. W. & Gordon, M. P. 1984. T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens encodes an enzyme of cytokinin biosynthesis. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 5994-5998.
3. Beinsberger, S. E. I., Valcke, R. L. M., Deblaere, R. Y., Clijsters, H. M. M., de Greef, J. A. & van Onckelen, H. I. 1991. Effects of the introduction of Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA ipi gene in Nicotiania tabacum L. cv. Petit Havana SR1 plant cells. - Plant Cell Physiol. 32: 489-496.
4. Brown, P. T. H. 1989. DNA methylation in plants and its role in tissue culture. - Genome 31: 717-729.
5. Chatfield, J. M. & Armstrong, D. J. 1986. Regulation of cytokinin oxidase activity in callus tissues of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Great Northern. - Plant Physiol. 80: 493-499.
6. Devlin, R. M. 1983. Cytokinins, ethylene and abscisic acid. - In Plant Physiology (F. H. Witham, ed.), 4th Ed., pp. 410-446. Willard Grant Press, Boston, MA. ISBN 0-87150-765-X.
7. Doyle, J. J. & Doyle, J. L. 1990. Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. - Focus 12: 13-15.
8. 2-isopentenyl)adenine in Actinidia: Sites and seasonal changes in activity. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 7751-7754.
9. 2-isopentenyl)adenine to zeatin: Relative activities of organ systems from Actinidia argula. - Plant Physiol. 84: 208-209.
10. Estruch, J. J., Prinsen, E., van Onckelen, H., Schell, J. & Spena, A. 1991. Viviparous leaves produced by somatic activation of an inactive cytokinin-synthesizing gene. - Science 254: 1364-1367.
11. Finnegan, E. J., Brettell, R. I. S. & Dennis, E. S. 1993. The role of DNA methylation in the regulation of plant gene expression. - In DNA Methylation: Molecular Biology and Biological Significance (J. P. Jost and H. P. Saluz, eds), pp. 218-261. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel. ISBN 3-7643-2778-2.
12. Fox, J. E., Cornette, J., Deleuze, G., Dyson, W., Giersak, C., Niu, P , Zapata, J. & McChesney, J. 1973. The formation, isolation and biological activity of a cytokinin 7-glucoside. -Plant Physiol. 52: 627-632.
13. Gawer, M., Laloue, M., Terrine, C. & Guern, J. 1977. Metabolism and biological significance of benzyladenine-7-glucoside. - Plant Sci. Lett. 8: 267-274.
14. Gheysen, G., Villarroel, R. & van Montagu, M. 1991. Illegitimate recombination in plants: A model for T-DNA integration. - Gene Dev. 5: 287-297.
15. Hanahan, D. 1983. Studies on the transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmids. - J. Mol. Biol. 166: 557-580.
16. Hansen, C. E., Wenzler, H. & Meins, F. J. 1984. Concentration gradients of trans-zeatin riboside and trans-zeatin in the maize stem. - Plant Physiol. 75: 959-963.
17. Hare, P. D. & van Staden, J. 1994. Cytokinin oxidase: Biochemical features and physiological significance. - Physiol. Plant. 91: 128-136.
18. Hedden, P. 1993. Modem methods for the quantitative analysis of plant hormones. - Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 44: 107-129.
19. Herman, L., Jacobs, A., van Montagu, M. & Depicker, A. 1990. Plant chromosome/marker gene fusion assay for study of normal and truncated T-DNA integration events. - Mol. Gen. Genet. 224: 248-256.
20. Hewelt, A., Prinsen, E., Schell, J., Van Onckelen, H. & Schmülling, T. 1994. Promoter tagging with a promoterless ipt gene leads to cytokinin induced phenotypic variability in transgenic tobacco plants: Implications of gene dosage effects. - Plant J. 6: 879-891.
21. Horgan, R. 1984. Cytokinins. - In Advanced Plant Physiology (M. B. Wilkins, ed.), pp. 53-75. Pitman, London. ISBN 0-273-01853-1.
22. Horsch, R. B., Fry, J. E., Hoffman, N., Wallroth, M., Eichholtz, D., Rogers, S & Fraley, R. T. 1985. A simple and general method for transferring genes into plants. - Science 227: 1129-1132.
23. Imbault, N., Moritz, T , Nilsson, O., Chen, H. J., Bollmark, M. & Sandberg, G. 1993. Separation and identification of cytokinins using combined capillary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. - Biol. Mass Spectrom. 22: 201-210.
24. Jones, R. J., Schreiber, B. M., McNeil, K., Brenner, M. L. & Foxon, G. 1992. Cytokinin levels and oxidase activity during maize kernel development. - In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Physiology and Biochemistry of Cytokinins in Plants, Liblice, Chechoslovakia, September 10-14, 1990 (M. Kamínek, D. W. S. Mok and E. Zazímalová, eds), pp. 235-239. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague. ISBN 90-5103-066-5.
25. Kao, K. N., Constabel, F., Michayluk, M. R. & Gamborg, O. L. 1974. Plant protoplast fusion and growth of intergeneric hybrid cells. - Planta 120: 215-227.
26. Kertbundit, S., DeGreve, H., Deboeck, F., Van Montague, M. & Hernalsteens, J.-P. 1991. In vivo random β-glucuronidase gene fusions in Arabidopsis thaliana. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 5212-5216.
27. Koncz, C. & Schell, J. 1986. The promoter of TL-DNA gene 5 controls the tissue-specific expression of chimeric genes carried by a new type of Agrobacterium binary vector. - Mol. Gen. Genet. 204: 383-396.
28. - , Martini, N., Mayerhofer, R., Koncz-Kalman, Z., Körber, H., Redei, G. P. & Schell, J. 1989. High-frequency T-DNA-mediated gene tagging in plants. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 8467-8471.
29. Laloue, M. 1977. Cytokinins: 7-glucosylation is not a prerequisite of the expression of their biological activity. - Planta 134: 273-275.
30. Letham, D. S. & Palni, L. M. S. 1983. The biosynthesis and metabolism of cytokinins. - Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 34: 163-197.
31. Marsh, J., Erfle, M. & Wykes, E. 1984. The pIC plasmid and phage vectors with versatile cloning sites for recombinant selection by insertional inactivation. - Gene 32: 481-485.
32. Mayerhofer, R., Koncz-Kalman, Z., Nawrath, C., Bakkeren, G., Crameri, A., Angelis, K., Redei, G. P., Schell, J., Hohn, B. & Koncz, C. 1991. T-DNA integration: A mode of illegitimate recombination in plants. - EMBO J. 10: 697-704.
33. McGaw, B. A. 1988. Cytokinin biosynthesis and metabolism. - In Plant Hormones and their Role in Plant Growth and Development (P. J. Davies, ed.), pp. 76-93. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. ISBN 90-247-3498-3.
34. - & Burch, L. R. 1995. Cytokinin biosynthesis and metabolism. - In Plant Hormones: Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (P. J. Davies, ed.), 2nd Ed., pp. 98-117. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. ISBN 0-7923-2985-6.
35. Medford, J. I., Horgan, R., El-Sawi, Z. & Klee, H. J. 1989. Alterations of endogenous cytokinins in transgenic plants using a chimeric isopentenyl transferase gene. - Plant Cell 1: 403-413.
36. Motyka, V. & Kamínek, M. 1992. Characterization of cytokinin oxidase from tobacco and poplar callus cultures. - In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Physiology and Biochemistry of Cytokinins in Plants, Liblice, Chechoslovakia, September 10-14, 1990 (M. Kamínek, D. W. S. Mok and E. Zazímalová, eds), pp. 33-39. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague. ISBN 90-5103-066-5.
37. Murashige, T. & Skoog, F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. - Physiol. Plant. 15: 473-497.
38. L-DNA. - Plant Physiol. 102: 363-371.
39. Parker, C. W. & Letham, D. S. 1973. Regulators of cell division in plant tissues. XVI. Metabolism of zeatin by radish cotyledons and hypocotyls. - Planta 114: 199-218.
40. - , Letham, D. S., Cowley, D. E. & MacLeod, J. K. 1972. Raphanatin, an unusal purine derivate and a metabolite of zeatin. - Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 49: 460-466.
41. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F. & Maniatis, T. 1989. Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed. - Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbour, NY. ISBN 0-87969-309-6.
42. Sanger, F., Nicklen, S & Coulson, A. R. 1977. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 5463-5467.
43. Schmulling, T., Beinsberger, S., de Greef, J., Schell, J., van Onckelen, H. & Spena, A. 1989. Construction of a heat-inducible chimaeric gene to increase the cytokinin content in transgenic plant tissue. - FEBS Lett. 249: 401-406.
44. Scott, R. A., McGaw, B. A., Horgan, R. & Williams, P. E. 1982. Biochemical studies on cytokinins in Vinca rosea crown gall tissue - In Plant Growth Substances (P. F. Wareing, ed.), pp. 165-174. Academic Press, London. ISBN 0-12-735380-1.
45. Singh, S., Letham, D. S. & Palni, L. M. S. 1992a. Cytokinin biochemistry in relation to leaf senescence. VII. Endogenous cytokinin levels and exogenous applications of cytokinins in relation to sequential leaf senescence of tobacco. - Physiol. Plant. 86: 388-397.
46. - , Palni, L. M. S. & Letham, D. S. 1992b. Cytokinin biochemistry in relation to leaf senescence. V. Endogenous cytokinin levels and metabolism of zearin riboside in leaf discs from green and senescent tobacco (Nicotiana rustica) leaves. - J. Plant Physiol. 139: 279-283.
47. Smart, C. M., Scofield, S. R., Bevan, M. W. & Dyer, T. A. 1991. Delayed leaf senescence in tobacco plants transformed with tmr, a gene for cytokinin production in Agrobacterium. - Plant Cell 3: 647-656.
48. Smigocki, A. C. & Owens, L. D. 1988. Cytokinin gene fused with a strong promoter enhances shoot organogenesis and zeatin levels in transformed plant cells. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 5131-5135.
49. - & Owens, L. D. 1991. Cytokinin content and tissue distribution in plants transformed by a reconstructed isopentenyl transferase gene. - Plant Mol. Biol. 16: 105-115.
50. Sossountzov, L., Maldiney, R., Sotta, B., Sabbagh, I., Habricot, Y., Bonnet, M. & Miginiac, E. 1988. Immunocytochemical localization of cytokinins in Craigella tomato and a side-shootless mutant. - Planta 175: 291-304.
51. 2-isopentenyl) adenosine degradation in tobacco cells: Evidence of a regulatory mechanism under the control of cytokinins. - Plant Physiol. 65: 1090-1095.
52. van Loven, K., Beinsberger, S. E. I., Valcke, R. L. M., van Onckelen, H. A. & Clijsters, H. M. M. 1993. Morphometric analysis of the growth of Phsp 70-ipt transgenic tobacco plants. - J. Exp. Bot. 44: 1671-1678.
53. Vieira, J. & Messing, J. 1982. The pUC plasmids, an M13mp7-derived system for insertion mutagenesis and sequencing with synthetic universal primers. - Gene 19: 259-268.
54. Zambryski, P. 1988. Basic processes underlying Agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer to plant cells. - Annu. Rev. Genet. 22: 1-30.
55. - , Tempe, J. & Schell, J. 1989. Transfer and function of T-DNA genes from Agrobacterium Ti and Ri plasmids in plants. - Cell 56: 193-201.
56. Zhang, R., Zhang, X., Wang, J., Letham, D., McKinney, S. A. & Higgins, T. J. V. 1995. The effect of auxin on cytokinin levels and metabolism in transgenic tobacco tissue expressing an ipt gene. - Planta 196: 84-94.