Nuclear magnetic resonance of C60 and fulleride superconductors

Reviews of Modern Physics

Volumn 68, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 855-910

  Pennington, Charles H ^a   Stenger, Victor A ^a  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030494953     PISSN: 00346861     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.68.855     Document Type: Article

References (186)

1. Abragam, A., 1961, The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism (Clarendon, Oxford).
2. Akis, R., and J. P. Carbotte, 1991a, "Damping Effects on NMR in Superconductors," Solid State Commun. 78, 393.
3. Akis, R., C. Jiang, and J. P. Carbotte, 1991b, "Quasiparticle Damping, Anisotropy, and Fermi Liquid Corrections to NMR in Superconductors," Physica C 176, 485.
4. Akitt, J. W., 1987, "The Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals," in Multinuclear NMR, edited by Joan Mason (Plenum, New York), p. 189.
5. 60 Determined by Powder Neutron Diffraction," Chem. Mater. 7, 764.
6. Allen, P. B., and R. C. Dynes, 1975, "Transition Temperature of Strong-Coupled Superconductors Reanalyzed," Phys. Rev. B 12, 905.
7. Allen, Phillip B., and Dierk Rainer, 1991, "Phonon Suppression of Coherence Peak in Nuclear Spin Relaxation Rate of Superconductors," Nature 349, 396.
8. Antropov, V. P., I. I. Mazin, O. K. Andersen, A. I. Liechtenstein, and O. Jepsen, 1993, "Dominance of the Spin-Dipolar NMR Relaxation Mechanism in Fullerene Superconductors," Phys. Rev. B 47, 12 373.
9. Asayama, K., Y. Kitaoka, and Y. Kohori, 1988, "NMR Study of Heavy Fermion Materials," J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 76,77, 449.
10. Ashcroft, N. W., and N. D. Mermin, 1976, Solid State Physics (Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York).
11. 60," in Solid State Properties of Fullerenes and Fullerene-Based Materials, Solid State Physics Vol. 48, edited by H. Ehrenreich and Frans Spaepen (Academic, Boston), pp. 149-224.
12. Bardeen, J., L. N. Cooper, and J. R. Schrieffer, 1957, "Theory of Superconductivity," Phys. Rev. 108, 1175.
13. c=90 K)," Phys. Rev. B 41, 6283.
14. 60 Probed by Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance," Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3754.
15. 41K," Z. Phys. 270, 173.
16. 60 (111): Photoemission and Electron Correlation," Phys. Rev. B 47, 13 843.
17. 60-Based Compounds," in Electronic Properties of Fullerenes, edited by H. Kuzmany, J. Fink, M. Mehring, and S. Roth (Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg), pp. 348-353.
18. Bloembergen, N., and P. P. Sorokin, 1958, "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in the Cesium Halides," Phys. Rev. 110, 865.
19. 13C NMR Spectroscopy: A Working Manual With Exercises (Harwood Academic, London).
20. 7," Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 706.
21. Carbotte, J. P., 1990, "Properties of Boson-Exchange Superconductors," Rev. Mod. Phys. 62, 1027.
22. Carver, G. P., 1970, "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Cesium-Graphite Intercalation Compounds," Phys. Rev. B 2, 2284.
23. Chakravarty, Sudip, Martin P. Gelfand, and Steven Kivelson, 1991, "Electronic Correlation Effects and Superconductivity in Doped Fullerenes," Science 254, 970.
24. 60 Solid'," Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 212.
25. Clem, John R., 1966, "Effects of Energy Gap Anisotropy in Pure Superconductors," Ann. Physics (N.Y.) 40, 268.
26. Clementi, E., and D. L. Raimondi, 1963, "Atomic Screening Constants and SCF Functions," J. Chem. Phys. 38, 2686.
27. Cooper, Leon, 1973, "Microscopic Quantum Interference in the Theory of Superconductivity," Phys. Today 26(8), 31.
28. 13C NMR Studies," Physica B 99, 521.
29. Cyrot, Michel, 1966, "Relaxation Spin-Reseau dans les Alliages Suprconducteurs Sales en Champ Fort," J. Phys. (Paris) 27, 283.
30. de Gennes, P. G., 1989, Superconductivity of Metals and Alloys (Addison Wesley, Reading, MA).
31. 60," Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 2987.
32. Deverell, C., 1968, "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Electrolyte Solutions," in Progress in NMR Spectroscopy, Vol. 4, edited by J. W. Emsley, J. Feeney, and L. H. Sutcliffe (Pergamon, Oxford), p. 235.
33. DiSalvo, F. J., S. A. Safran, R. C. Haddon, J. V. Waszczak, J. E. Fischer, 1979, "Large Anisotropy and Stage Dependence of the Magnetic Susceptibility of Alkali-Graphite Intercalation Compounds," Phys. Rev. B 20, 4883.
34. Dresselhaus, M. S., and G. Dresselhaus, 1981, "Intercalation Compounds of Graphite," Adv. Phys. 30, 139.
35. Dresselhaus, M. S., G. Dresselhaus, and R. Saito, 1994, "Superconducting Properties of Fullerenes," in Physical Properties of High Temperature Superconductors, Vol. IV, edited by D. M. Ginsberg (World Scientific, Singapore), pp. 471-564.
36. Ernst, R. R., G. Bodenhausen, and A. Wokaun, 1987, Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in One and Two Dimensions (Oxford, New York).
37. 60," Science 254, 842.
38. Fessenden, Richard W., 1967, "Electron Spin Resonance Spectra of Some Isotopically Substituted Hydrocarbon Radicals," J. Phys. Chem. 71, 74.
39. Fibich, M., 1965, "Phonon Effects on Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Superconductors," Phys. Rev. Lett. 14, 561.
40. Fine, H. L., M. Lipsicas, and M. Strongin, 1969, "Vanishing Knight Shift in Superconducting Aluminum Films," Phys. Lett. A 29, 366.
41. 60," Nature 352, 787.
42. 60," Phys. Rev. B 46, 14 150.
43. Geilikman, B. T., and V. Z. Kresin, 1972, "About the Connection Between the Transition Temperature and the Energy Gap for Superconductors with Strong Coupling," Phys. Lett. A 40, 123.
44. Gelfand, M. P., 1993
45. Gelfand, M. P., 1994, "Alkali Fullerides: Theoretical Perspectives, Progress, and Problems," Superconductivity Review 1, 103.
46. 60 where A is an Alkali Metal," Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1050.
47. Goldberg, I. B., and M. Weger, 1968, "Spin Lattice Relaxation Processes in Type II Superconductors," J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 24, 1279.
48. Haddon, R. C., 1988, "π-Electrons in Three Dimensions," Ace. Chem. Res. 21, 243.
49. 60," Acc. Chem. Res. 25, 127.
50. 60," Chem. Phys. Lett. 125, 459.
51. 70," Nature 350, 46.
52. 87Rb) for Free Cs and Rb Atoms," Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 13, 20.
53. 60," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 7770.
54. 60: Confirmation of the Soccer Ball Framework," Science 252, 312.
55. Hebard, Arthur F., 1992, "Superconductivity in Doped Fullerenes," Phys. Today 45 (11), 26.
56. Hebel, L. C. and C. P. Slichter, 1959, "Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Normal and Superconducting Aluminum," Phys. Rev. 113, 1504.
57. 60," Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2911.
58. 60 Superconductor," in Electronic Properties of Fullerenes, edited by H. Kuzmany, J. Fink, M. Mehring, and S. Roth (Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg), pp. 323-329.
59. 60 Superconductor," Europhys. Lett. 23, 63.
60. 60 Crystals," Phys. Rev. B 46, 6572.
61. Ikenberry, Dennis, and T. P. Das, 1965a, "Nuclear Magnetic Shielding in Alkali Halide Crystals," Phys. Rev. 138, 822A.
62. Ikenberry, Dennis, and T. P. Das, 1965b, "Nuclear Magnetic Shielding of Alkali Ions in Crystals and Dilute Aqueous Solutions," J. Chem. Phys. 43, 2199.
63. Ikenberry, Dennis, and T. P. Das, 1966, "Chemical Shift Calculations in Alkali Halides," J. Chem. Phys. 45, 1361.
64. 6.91," J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 57, 2280.
65. Ishiguro, T., and K. Yamaji, 1989, Organic Superconductors (Springer, New York).
66. 60," Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1091.
67. Johnson, Robert D., Donald S. Bethune, and Constantino S. Yannoni, 1992, "Fullerene Structure and Dynamics: A Magnetic Resonance Potpourri," Acc. Chem. Res. 25, 169.
68. 60 Rotation in the Solid State: Dynamics of a Faceted Spherical Top," Science 255, 1235.
69. 13C NMR study," Phys. Rev. B51, 16 471.
70. 13C MAS NMR," Z. Phys. B 97, 1.
71. Karplus, Martin, 1959, "Interpretation of Electron Spin Resonance Spectrum of the Methyl Radical," J. Chem. Phys. 30, 15.
72. Karplus, Martin, and George K. Fraenkel, 1961, "Theoretical Interpretation of Carbon-13 Hyperfine Interactions in Electron Spin Resonance Spectra," J. Chem. Phys. 35, 1312.
73. 60," Europhys. Lett. 25, 379.
74. 60 Observed by Muon Spin Relaxation," Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3987.
75. Knight, W. D., 1956, "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Metals," in Solid State Physics, Vol. II, edited by F. Seitz and D. Turnbull (Academic, New York), p. 93.
76. Kondo, J., and J. Yamashita, 1959, "Nuclear Quadrupolar Relaxation in Ionic Crystals," J. Phys. Chem. Solids 10, 245.
77. Korringa, J., 1950, "Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation and Resonance Line Shift in Metals," Physica 16, 601.
78. 60: Buckminsterfullerene," Nature 318, 162.
79. Lammert, P. E., D. S. Rokshar, S. Chakravarty, S. Kivelson, and M. I. Salkola, 1995, "Metallic Screening and Correlation Effects in Superconducting Fullerenes," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 996.
80. Landau, L. D., and E. M. Lifshitz, 1977, Quantum Mechanics (Non Relativistic Theory), (Pergamon, Oxford), p. 251.
81. Lieber, C. M., and C.-C. Chen, 1994, "Preparation of Fullerenes and Fullerene Based Materials," in Solid State Properties of Fullerenes and Fullerene-Based Materials, Solid State Physics Vol. 48, edited by H. Ehrenreich and Frans Spaepen (Academic, Boston), pp. 109-149.
82. Lieber, C. M., and Z. Zhang, 1994, "Physical Properties of Metal Doped Fullerene Superconductors," in Solid State Properties of Fullerenes and Fullerene-Based Materials, Solid State Physics Vol. 48, edited by H. Ehrenreich and Frans Spaepen (Academic, Boston), pp. 349-384.
83. Lindman, Bjorn, and Sture Forsen, 1978, "The Alkali Metals," in NMR and the Periodic Table, edited by Robin K. Harris and Brian E. Mann (Academic, New York), pp. 129-139.
84. 60," Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3924.
85. MacLaughlin, D. E., 1976, "Magnetic Resonance in the Superconducting State," in Solid State Physics Vol. ?, edited by H. Ehrenreich, F. Seitz, and D. Turnbull (Academic, New York), pp. 1-69.
86. Mahan, Bruce H., 1975, University Chemistry (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA), third ed.
87. 60 (x=1,2)," Solid State Commun. 82, 783.
88. 60," J. Phys Soc. Jpn. 63, 1139.
89. 7," Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 702.
90. 7," Phys. Rev. B 47, 9155.
91. 60," Phys. Rev. B 46, 1766.
92. Masuda, Y., and N. Okubo, 1969, "Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation in the Superconducting Mixed State," J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 26, 309.
93. Masuda, Y., and A. G. Redfield, 1962, "Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation in Superconducting Aluminum," Phys. Rev. 125, 159.
94. 60," Phys. Rev. B 47, 538.
95. McMillan, W. L., 1968, "Transition Temperature of Strong-Coupled Superconductors," Phys. Rev. 167, 331.
96. McMillan, W. L., and J. M. Rowell, 1969, "Tunneling and Strong-Coupling Superconductivity," in Superconductivity, Vol. 1, edited by R. D. Parks (Marcel Dekker, New York), pp. 561-613.
97. Mehring, Michael, 1983, High Resolution NMR in Solids, 2nd ed. (Springer, Berlin).
98. 60 (A=Rb, K) Unconventional?," in Electronic Properties of Fullerenes, edited by H. Kuzmany, J. Fink, M. Mehring, and S. Roth (Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg), pp. 330-333.
99. 60 (A =Rb, or K)," Philos. Mag. B 70, 787.
100. 7," Physica C 157, 561.
101. 7," Phys. Rev. B 42, 167.
102. Mitrovic, B., and W. Pickett, 1987, "Effect of the Electron-Phonon Interaction on the Spin Susceptibility in A15 Compounds," Phys. Rev. B 35, 3415.
103. 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance," in Physics of Intercalation Compounds, edited by L. Pietronero and E. Tosatti (Springer, New York), pp. 280-286,
104. Monthoux, P., A. V. Balatsky, and D. Pines, 1991, "Toward a Theory of High-Temperature Superconductivity in the Antiferromagnetically Correlated Cuprate Oxides," Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3448.
105. Morel, P., and P. W. Anderson, 1962, "Calculation of the Superconducting State Parameters with Retarded Electron-Phonon Interaction," Phys. Rev. 125, 1263.
106. Moriya, T., 1956a, "Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation in Antiferromagnetics," Prog. Theor. Phys. 16, 23.
107. Moriya, T., 1956b, "Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation in Antiferromagnetics II," Prog. Theor. Phys. 16, 641.
108. Moriya, T., 1963, "The Effect of Electron-Electron Interaction on the Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Metals," J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 18, 516.
109. Moriya, T., 1977, "Recent Developments in the Theory of Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron Magnets," Physica B 86-88, 356.
110. Morrison, Robert T., and Robert N. Boyd, 1973, Organic Chemistry (Allyn and Bacon, Boston).
111. Morse, R. W., H. V. Bohm, 1957, "Superconducting Energy Gap from Ultrasonic Attenuation Measurements," Phys. Rev. 108, 1094.
112. 60," J. Phys. Chem. Solids 53, 1321.
113. Nakamura, Y. O., Y. Yokoya, N. Matsuda, and Y. Shiina, 1993, "Important Role of Intermolecular Vibrational Modes in the Superconductivity in Alkali Metal Doped Fullerenes," Solid State Commun. 86, 627.
114. Narath, Albert, and H. T. Weaver, 1968, "Effects of Electron-Electron Interactions on Nuclear Spin Lattice Relaxation Rates and Knight Shifts in Alkali and Noble Metals," Phys. Rev. 175, 373.
115. Noer, R. J., and W. D. Knight, 1964, "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Relaxation in Superconducting Vanadium," Rev. Mod. Phys. 36, 177.
116. 60," Physica C 191, 399.
117. 60 Fullerides and Related Materials," J. Phys. Chem. Solids 53, 1457.
118. 60," Science 257, 1660.
119. 7-δ," in Physical Properties of High Temperature Superconductors, Vol. II, edited by D. M. Ginsberg (World Scientific, Singapore), pp. 269-367.
120. 60: Search for effects of strong correlation," Phys. Rev. B 53, R2967.
121. Pickett, W., 1982, "Generalization of the Theory of the Electron-Phonon Interaction: Thermodynamic Formulation of the Superconducting-and Normal-State Properties," Phys. Rev. B 26, 1186.
122. 60-Based Materials," in Solid State Properties of Fullerenes and Fullerene-Based Materials, Solid State Physics Vol. 48. edited by H. Ehrenreich and Frans Spaepen (Academic, Boston), pp. 226-347.
123. 60 as a Function of Temperature and Pressure," Synthetic Metals 55-57, 3154.
124. 60 Under Pressure," in Electronic Properties of Fullerenes, edited by H. Kuzmany, J. Fink, M. Mehring, and S. Roth (Springer. Berlin/Heidelberg), pp. 334-338.
125. 60: NMR and Magnetic Susceptibility Studies," Acta Phys. Pol. A 87, 861.
126. Radzig, A. A., and B. M. Smirnov, 1985, Reference Data on Atoms, Molecules, and Ions, Springer Series in Chemical Physics (Springer, Berlin), pp. 101-116.
127. 60 and its Superconductivity," Superconductivity Review 1, 1.
128. 60," Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1058.
129. 60," Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1687.
130. Redfield, A. G., 1959, "Nuclear Spin Relaxation Time in Superconducting Aluminum," Phys. Rev. Lett. 3, 85.
131. Redfield, A. G., and A. G. Anderson, 1959, "Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation in Metals," Phys. Rev. 116, 583.
132. 8Cs Intercalated Oriented Graphites," Solid State Commun. 39, 423.
133. 60," J. Phys. Chem. 95, 3457.
134. 60," Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2637.
135. 13C-NMR", J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 63, 1670.
136. 60 Cluster," Chem. Phys. Lett. 130, 545.
137. 60," Phys. Rev. B 46, 1773.
138. Scalapino, D. J., 1969, "The Electron-Phonon Interaction and Strong-Coupled Superconductors," in Superconductivity Vol. 1, edited by R. D. Parks (Dekker, New York), pp. 449-560.
139. Schrader, D. M., and M. Karplus, 1964 "Orbital Following in the Methyl Radical," J. Chem. Phys. 40, 1593.
140. Schrieffer, J. R., 1988, Theory of Superconductivity, Fourth Printing (Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, California).
141. Shastry, B. Sriram, and Elihu Abrahams, 1994, "What Does the Korringa Ratio Measure?" Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 1933.
142. Shore, Susan E., 1986, "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Bonding of Carbon Monoxide to Palladium and Platinum Surfaces," Ph.D. thesis (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign).
143. Slichter, C. P., 1990, Principles of Magnetic Resonance (Springer, New York), 3rd edition.
144. Slichter, C. P., 1994, "Experimental Evidence for Spin Fluctuations in High Temperature Superconductors," in Strongly Correlated Electron Materials, edited by Kevin S. Bedell, Ziqiang Wang, David E. Meltzer, Alexander V. Balatsky, and Elihu Abrahams (Addison Wesley, Reading, MA).
145. Solomons, T. W. Graham, Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry (Wiley, New York), 3rd Ed.
146. 60 Superconductors," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1649.
147. 60 Superconductors," J. Superconductivity 7, 931.
148. Stenger, V. A., C. Recchia, J. Vance, C. H. Pennington, D. R. Buffinger, and R. P. Ziebarth, 1993, "NMR Measurement of Superconducting-State Spin Susceptibility in Alkali Fullerides," Phys. Rev. B 48, 9942.
149. 60," Nature 351, 632.
150. 7-y," Appl. Magn. Reson. 3, 495.
151. Tanigaki, K., I. Hirosawa, T. W. Ebbesen, J. Mizuki, Y. Shimakawa, Y. Kubo, J. S. Tsai, and S. Kuroshima, 1992, "Superconductivity in Sodium- and Lithium-Containing Alkali-Metal Fullerides," Nature 356, 419.
152. 70: The Third Form of Carbon," J. Chem. Soc., Chemical Communications 20, 1423.
153. 60," Phys. Rev. B 51, 5973.
154. 7," Phys. Rev. B 47, 9151.
155. Tinkham, Michael, 1980, Introduction to Superconductivity (Robert E. Krieger Publishing, Malabar, Florida).
156. 60," Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 1886.
157. 60: Investigation by NMR Spectroscopy," Phys. Rev. B 48, 9097.
158. 60: Phase Separation, Molecular Dynamics, and Metallic Properties," Science 253, 884.
159. 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance," Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1912.
160. Tycko, R., R. C. Haddon, G. Dabbagh, S. H. Glarum, D. C. Douglass, and A. M. Mujsce, 1991, "Solid-State Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Fullerenes," J. Phys. Chem. 95, 518.
161. Ueda, K., and T. Moriya, 1975, "Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation in Weakly Antiferromagnetic Metals," J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 38, 32.
162. Varma, C. M., J. Zaanen, and K. Raghavachari, 1991, "Superconductivity in the Fullerenes," Science 254, 989.
163. Veeman, W. S., 1984, "Carbon-13 Chemical Shift Anisotropy," in Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Vol. 16 (Pergamon, Oxford), pp. 1-108.
164. 3He (A. Hilger, London).
165. 87Rb NMR," Nature 362, 611.
166. Watson, R. E., and A. J. Freeman, 1961, "Origin of Effective Fields in Magnetic Materials," Phys. Rev. 123, 2027.
167. Weaver, J. H., and D. M. Poirier, 1994, in Solid State Properties of Fullerenes and Fullerene-Based Materials, Solid State Physics Vol. 48, edited by H. Ehrenreich and Frans Spaepen (Academic, Boston), pp. 1-108.
168. Wehrli, F. W., and T. Wirthlin, 1976, Interpretation of Carbon-13 NMR Spectra (Heyden and Son, London), p. 57.
169. Weigert, Frank J., and John D. Roberts, 1972, "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Carbon-Carbon Coupling," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 6021.
170. Weil, J. A., J. R. Bolton, and J. E. Wertz, 1994, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: Elementary Theory and Practical Applications (Wiley Interscience, New York), pp. 534-536.
171. 87Rb Atoms," Phys. Rev. 174, 23.
172. White, R. M., 1983, Quantum Theory of Magnetism (Springer, New York), 2nd Ed.
173. 60," Europhys. Lett. 18, 79.
174. 60," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 3190.
175. 60 Cluster in the Solid State: Molecular Motion and Carbon Chemical Shift Anisotropy," J. Phys. Chem. 95, 9.
176. Yannoni, C. S., H. R. Wendt, M. S. de Vries, R. L. Siemens, J. R. Salem, J. Lyerla, R. D. Johnson, M. Hoinkis, M. S. Crowder, C. A. Brown, and D. S. Bethune, 1993, "Characterization of Fullerenes and Doped Fullerenes," Synthetic Metals 59, 279.
177. 60," Solid State Commun. 93, 269.
178. 13C NMR Study," Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 2413.
179. Yosida, K., 1958, "Paramagnetic Susceptibility in Superconductors," Phys. Rev. 110, 769.
180. 60," Nature 353, 333.
181. c and Lattice Constant," Science 255, 833.
182. 3- Salts by Ion Exchange," in Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes and Related Materials: Volume 2, edited by K. M. Kadish and R. S. Ruoff (The Electrochemical Society; Pennington, NJ).
183. 60," in Electronic Properties of Fullerenes, edited by H. Kuzmany, J. Fink, M. Mehring, and S. Roth (Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg), pp. 339-343.
184. Zimmer, G., M. Helmle, M. Mehring, F. Rachdi, J. Reichenbach, L. Firlej,
185. 60," Europhys. Lett. 27, 543.
186. 4- and electronic excitation in Rb4C60," Phys. Rev. B 52, 13 300.