Preparing for armageddon: Citizen Militias, the patriot movement and the Oklahoma City bombing

Terrorism and Political Violence

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 65-79

  Durham, Martin ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030491309     PISSN: 09546553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09546559608427333     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. On Patriot politics, see James A. Aho, The Politics of Righteousness. Idaho Christian Patriotism (Seattle: U. of Washington Press 1990); Daniel Junas, 'The Rise of Citizen Militias: Angry White Guys With Guns', Covert Action Qtly, Spring 1995. For Patriot opposition to 'Global Money Vampires', see Police Against the New World Order, Operation Vampire Killer 2000 (Phoenix, AZ: PATNWO 1992) pp.15-17.
2. On Patriot politics, see James A. Aho, The Politics of Righteousness. Idaho Christian Patriotism (Seattle: U. of Washington Press 1990); Daniel Junas, 'The Rise of Citizen Militias: Angry White Guys With Guns', Covert Action Qtly, Spring 1995. For Patriot opposition to 'Global Money Vampires', see Police Against the New World Order, Operation Vampire Killer 2000 (Phoenix, AZ: PATNWO 1992) pp.15-17.
3. On Patriot politics, see James A. Aho, The Politics of Righteousness. Idaho Christian Patriotism (Seattle: U. of Washington Press 1990); Daniel Junas, 'The Rise of Citizen Militias: Angry White Guys With Guns', Covert Action Qtly, Spring 1995. For Patriot opposition to 'Global Money Vampires', see Police Against the New World Order, Operation Vampire Killer 2000 (Phoenix, AZ: PATNWO 1992) pp.15-17.
4. Monitor, Nov. 1988; Searchlight, March 1995.
5. Monitor, Nov. 1988; Searchlight, March 1995.
6. Billings Gazette, 27 March 1994; Washington Post National Wkly Ed., 25 Sept.-1 Oct. 1995.
7. Billings Gazette, 27 March 1994; Washington Post National Wkly Ed., 25 Sept.-1 Oct. 1995.
8. Michael Barkun, Religion and the Racist Right. The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement (Chapel Hill, UNC Press 1994); Jeffrey Kaplan, 'The Context of American Millenarian Revolutionary Theology: The Case of the "Identity Christian" Church of Israel", Terrorism and Political Violence 5/1 (Spring 1993) pp.30-82.
9. Michael Barkun, Religion and the Racist Right. The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement (Chapel Hill, UNC Press 1994); Jeffrey Kaplan, 'The Context of American Millenarian Revolutionary Theology: The Case of the "Identity Christian" Church of Israel", Terrorism and Political Violence 5/1 (Spring 1993) pp.30-82.
10. Waco: The Big Lie; Waco II: The Big Lie Continues, American Justice Fdn videos.
11. Klanwatch Intelligence Report, June 1995.
12. Junas, 'Citizen Militias' (note 1) suggests at least 10,000; the Anti-Defamation League, one of the organisations monitoring the militias, suggested 15,000 in a report issued in June 1995. Some individual militias have claimed as many members as some commentators believe exist in the entire movement. On the Militia of Montana's claim of 12,000 members, for instance, see The Nation, 22 May 1995.
13. Junas, 'Citizen Militias' (note 1) suggests at least 10,000; the Anti-Defamation League, one of the organisations monitoring the militias, suggested 15,000 in a report issued in June 1995. Some individual militias have claimed as many members as some commentators believe exist in the entire movement. On the Militia of Montana's claim of 12,000 members, for instance, see The Nation, 22 May 1995.
14. Robert J. Spitzer, The Politics of Gun Control (Chatham, NJ: Chatham House 1995) pp.35-8.
15. Militia of Montana, Information and Networking Manual (Noxon, MT: MOM nd) pp.6, 27.
16. Jim Keith, Black Helicopters Over America. Strikeforce for the New World Order (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press 1994); direct quotations from pp.143, 145.
17. M.W. Jefferson, America Under Siege (Knoxville, TN: Freedom and Liberty Fdn, 1994) direct quotations from pp.54, 59-60, 16, 63, 70-71.
18. Pat Robertson, The New World Order (Dallas, TX: Word Incorporated 1991) pp.6-9, 37; Family Voice, June 1993; Gary H. Kah, En Route to Global Occupation (Lafayette, LA: Huntington House 1992) p.141.
19. Pat Robertson, The New World Order (Dallas, TX: Word Incorporated 1991) pp.6-9, 37; Family Voice, June 1993; Gary H. Kah, En Route to Global Occupation (Lafayette, LA: Huntington House 1992) p.141.
20. Pat Robertson, The New World Order (Dallas, TX: Word Incorporated 1991) pp.6-9, 37; Family Voice, June 1993; Gary H. Kah, En Route to Global Occupation (Lafayette, LA: Huntington House 1992) p.141.
21. Paul Boyer, When Time Shall Be No More. Prophecy Belief in Modern American Culture (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press 1992) Pt II; for Van Impe, see pp.5, 264.
22. Gary Allen, The Rockefeller File (Seal Beach, CA: '76 Press 1976) pp.61-2; idem, Jimmy Carter, Jimmy Carter (ibid. 1976) p.72; Frank P. Mintz, The Liberty Lobby and the American Right (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1985),pp.142-8; Seymour Martin Lipset and Earl Raab, The Politics of Unreason. Right-Wing Extremism in America, 1790-1970 (London: Heinemann 1971) pp.250-60. For a fuller discussion, see Martin Durham, 'The New Christian Right and the New World Order', American Politics Group Conference, Keele U., 5 Jan. 1995.
23. Gary Allen, The Rockefeller File (Seal Beach, CA: '76 Press 1976) pp.61-2; idem, Jimmy Carter, Jimmy Carter (ibid. 1976) p.72; Frank P. Mintz, The Liberty Lobby and the American Right (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1985),pp.142-8; Seymour Martin Lipset and Earl Raab, The Politics of Unreason. Right-Wing Extremism in America, 1790-1970 (London: Heinemann 1971) pp.250-60. For a fuller discussion, see Martin Durham, 'The New Christian Right and the New World Order', American Politics Group Conference, Keele U., 5 Jan. 1995.
24. Gary Allen, The Rockefeller File (Seal Beach, CA: '76 Press 1976) pp.61-2; idem, Jimmy Carter, Jimmy Carter (ibid. 1976) p.72; Frank P. Mintz, The Liberty Lobby and the American Right (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1985),pp.142-8; Seymour Martin Lipset and Earl Raab, The Politics of Unreason. Right-Wing Extremism in America, 1790-1970 (London: Heinemann 1971) pp.250-60. For a fuller discussion, see Martin Durham, 'The New Christian Right and the New World Order', American Politics Group Conference, Keele U., 5 Jan. 1995.
25. Gary Allen, The Rockefeller File (Seal Beach, CA: '76 Press 1976) pp.61-2; idem, Jimmy Carter, Jimmy Carter (ibid. 1976) p.72; Frank P. Mintz, The Liberty Lobby and the American Right (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1985),pp.142-8; Seymour Martin Lipset and Earl Raab, The Politics of Unreason. Right-Wing Extremism in America, 1790-1970 (London: Heinemann 1971) pp.250-60. For a fuller discussion, see Martin Durham, 'The New Christian Right and the New World Order', American Politics Group Conference, Keele U., 5 Jan. 1995.
26. Gary Allen, The Rockefeller File (Seal Beach, CA: '76 Press 1976) pp.61-2; idem, Jimmy Carter, Jimmy Carter (ibid. 1976) p.72; Frank P. Mintz, The Liberty Lobby and the American Right (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1985),pp.142-8; Seymour Martin Lipset and Earl Raab, The Politics of Unreason. Right-Wing Extremism in America, 1790-1970 (London: Heinemann 1971) pp.250-60. For a fuller discussion, see Martin Durham, 'The New Christian Right and the New World Order', American Politics Group Conference, Keele U., 5 Jan. 1995.
27. Militia of Montana, Catalog, Nov. 1994; Jefferson (note 11) p.66; Kah (note 12) pp.32-3, 216.
28. George Thayer, The Farther Shores of Politics (London: Allen Lane 1968) p.129; J. Harry Jones Jr., The Minutemen (Garden City, NY: Doubleday 1968) p.10.
29. George Thayer, The Farther Shores of Politics (London: Allen Lane 1968) p.129; J. Harry Jones Jr., The Minutemen (Garden City, NY: Doubleday 1968) p.10.
30. Robert A. Rosenstone, Protest from the Right (Beverly Hills, CA: Glencoe Press 1968) pp.64-76; James Ridgeway, Blood in the Face (NY: Thunder's Mouth Press 1990) pp.109, 111.
31. Robert A. Rosenstone, Protest from the Right (Beverly Hills, CA: Glencoe Press 1968) pp.64-76; James Ridgeway, Blood in the Face (NY: Thunder's Mouth Press 1990) pp.109, 111.
32. Jefferson (note 11) p.50; Ralph E. Ellsworth and Sarah M. Harris, The American Right Wing (Washington DC: Public Affairs Press 1962) pp.17-19, 54.
33. Kaplan, 'Context of American Millenarian Theology' (note 4) pp.58, 81; Ridgeway (note 17) p.118.
34. Taking Aim 1/5 (1994); Christianity Today, 19 June 1995.
35. Taking Aim 1/5 (1994); Christianity Today, 19 June 1995.
36. Barkun (note 4) pp.218-9; Cheri Seymour, Committee of the States (Mariposa, CA: Camden Place Communications 1991) pp.3-4, 312-15, 320, 326.
37. Independent, 24 April 1995.
38. New Yorker, 10 July 1995; Militia of Montana, Catalog, p.4.
39. New Yorker, 10 July 1995; Militia of Montana, Catalog, p.4.
40. McAlvaney Intelligence Advisor, April 1995.
41. Keith (note 10) pp.148, 81.
42. Flashpoint, Jan., May, Oct. 1995.
43. Nexus, Feb.-March 1994; New Yorker, 19 June 1995.
44. Nexus, Feb.-March 1994; New Yorker, 19 June 1995.
45. Metro Times, 12-18 Oct. 1994.
46. Christian News, 5 Dec. 1994.
47. Planned Parenthood, Urgent Memorandum to Members of Congress and Supporting Documentation, 16 May 1995; Front Lines Research, Aug. 1994; New York Times, 18 Aug. 1994.
48. Planned Parenthood, Urgent Memorandum to Members of Congress and Supporting Documentation, 16 May 1995; Front Lines Research, Aug. 1994; New York Times, 18 Aug. 1994.
49. Planned Parenthood, Urgent Memorandum to Members of Congress and Supporting Documentation, 16 May 1995; Front Lines Research, Aug. 1994; New York Times, 18 Aug. 1994.
50. Metro Times, 12-18 Oct. 1994.
51. Militia of Montana, Manual (note 9) p.18.
52. Rolling Stone, 2 Nov. 1995.
53. Pete Peters, 'Report on 23-25 Oct. [1992]. Meeting at Estes Park, Colorado', audiotape.
54. Jefferson (note 11) p.102. For Carto and The Spotlight, see Mintz (note 14).
55. Esquire, July 1995.
56. Keith (note 10) p.67; Jefferson (note 11) p.34.
57. Klanwatch Intelligence Report, June 1995.
58. Sunday Telegraph, 30 April 1995; Time, 8 May 1995; Devil's Advocate, Channel 4, 18 Oct. 1995.
59. Sunday Telegraph, 30 April 1995; Time, 8 May 1995; Devil's Advocate, Channel 4, 18 Oct. 1995.
60. Sunday Telegraph, 30 April 1995; Time, 8 May 1995; Devil's Advocate, Channel 4, 18 Oct. 1995.
61. Washington Times, 16 June 1995; The Worker, Spring 1995.
62. Washington Times, 16 June 1995; The Worker, Spring 1995.
63. Searchlight, March 1995; Time, 8 May 1995.
64. Searchlight, March 1995; Time, 8 May 1995.
65. Time, Newsweek, US News and World Report, 8 May 1995; Panorama, BBCI, 15 May 1995.
66. Time, Newsweek, US News and World Report, 8 May 1995; Panorama, BBCI, 15 May 1995.
67. Taking Aim, March 1995; New York Times, 22 April 1995.
68. Taking Aim, March 1995; New York Times, 22 April 1995.
69. See e.g. Flashpoint, July 1995; Taking Aim, July 1995; Patriot Report, Aug. 1995.
70. See e.g. Flashpoint, July 1995; Taking Aim, July 1995; Patriot Report, Aug. 1995.
71. See e.g. Flashpoint, July 1995; Taking Aim, July 1995; Patriot Report, Aug. 1995.
72. Militia of Montana, Appearance before the Senate Subcommittee on Anti-Terrorism (sic), 15 June 1995.
73. Adam Parfrey, Cult Rapture (Portland, OR: Feral House 1995) pp.300-1, 310-12, 317-20.
74. Barkun (note 4) pp.250-2.