Interability communication: Evaluating patronizing encounters

Journal of Language and Social Psychology

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 265-290

  Fox, Susan Anne ^b   Giles, Howard ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030487509     PISSN: 0261927X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0261927X960153004     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Adelman, R. D., Greene, M. G., & Charon, R. (1987). The physician-elderly patient-companion triad in the medical encounter: The development of a conceptual framework and a research agenda. The Gerontologist, 27, 729-734.
2. Altman, B. M. (1981). Studies of attitudes toward the handicapped: The need for a new direction. Social Problems, 28, 321-337.
3. Americans with Disabilities Act, 104 Stat 327 (1990).
4. Bradac, J. J., Bowers, J. W., & Courtright, J. A. (1979). Three language variables in communication research: Intensity, immediacy, and diversity. Human Communication Research, 5, 257-269.
5. Braithwaite, D. O. (1990). From majority to minority: An analysis of cultural change from able-bodied to disabled. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 465-483.
6. Caporael, L. R., & Culbertson, G. H. (1986). Verbal response modes of baby talk and other speech at institutions for the aged. Language & Communication, 6, 99-112.
7. Coe, R. M., & Predergast, C. (1985). The formation of coalitions: Interaction strategies in triads. Sociology of Health and Illness, 7, 236-247.
8. Coleman, L. M., & DePaulo, B. M. (1991). Uncovering the human spirit: Moving beyond disability and "missed" communications. In N. Coupland, H. Giles, & J. Wiemann (Eds.), "Miscommunication" and problematic talk (pp. 61-84). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
9. Comer, R. J., & Piliavin, J. A. (1972). The effects of physical deviance upon face-to-face interaction: The other side. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 23, 33-39.
10. Cronkhite, G., Thomas, T., Vargo, S. S., & Liska, J. (1994, February). Perceiving paper and pencil people: Problems in research in credibility, competence compliance, person perception impression formation, and public address. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Western Speech Communication Association, San Jose, CA.
11. Culbertson, G. H., & Caporael, L. R. (1983). Baby talk speech to the elderly: Complexity and content of messages. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 305-312.
12. de Apodaca, R. F., Watson, J. D., Mueller, J., & Isaacson-Kailes, J. (1985). A sociometric comparison of mainstreamed, orthopedically handicapped high school students and nonhandicapped classmates. Psychology in the Schools, 22, 95-101.
13. DeJong, G., & Lifchez, R. (1983). Physical disability and public policy. Scientific American, 248, 40-49.
14. Emry, R., & Wiseman, R. L. (1987). An intercultural understanding of ablebodied and disabled person's communication. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 11, 7-27.
15. Feinberg, L. B. (1971). Nonimmediacy in verbal communication as an indicator of attitudes toward the disabled. Journal of Social Psychology, 84, 135-140.
16. Fichten, C. S., & Bourdon, C. V. (1986). Social skill deficit or response inhibition: Interaction between disabled and nondisabled college students. Journal of College Student Personnel, 27, 326-333.
17. Fox, S. (1994). Patronizing others in intergroup encounters: The experiences and evaluations of people in interability situations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara.
18. Fox, S. A., & Giles, H. (1996). "Let the wheelchair through!": An intergroup approach to interability communication. In W. P. Robinson (Ed.), Social groups and identity: The developing legacy of Henri Tajfel (pp. 215-248). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
19. Gallois, C., Giles, H., Jones, C., Cargile, A., & Ota, H. (1995). Accommodating intercultural encounters: Elaborations and extensions. In R. Wiseman (Ed.), Theories of intercultural communication (pp. 115-147). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
20. Giles, H., & Coupland, N. (1991). Language: Contexts and consequences. Milton Keynes, United Kingdom: Open University Press.
21. Giles, H., Fox, S. A., & Smith, E. (1993). Patronizing the elderly: Intergenerational evaluations. Research in Language and Social Interaction, 26, 129-150.
22. Giles, H., & Williams, A. (1994). Patronizing the young: Forms and evaluations. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 39, 33-53.
23. Grove, T. G., & Werkman, D. L. (1991). Conversations with ablebodied and visibly disabled strangers: An adversarial test of predicted outcome value and uncertainty reduction theories. Human Communication Research, 17, 507-534.
24. Gudykunst, W. B. (1995). Anxiety/uncertainty management (AUM) theory: Current status. In R. Wiseman (Ed.), Theories of intercultural communication (pp. 8-58). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
25. Harwood, J., Giles, H., & Ryan, E. B. (1995). Aging, communication, and intergroup theory: Social identity and intergenerational communication. In J. Nussbaum & J. Coupland (Eds.), Handbook of communication and aging research (pp. 133-159). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
26. Harwood, J., Giles, H., Ryan, E. B., Fox, S., & Williams, A. (1993). Patronizing young and elderly adults: Response strategies in a community setting. Journal of Applied Communication, 21, 211-226.
27. Hewstone, M., & Brown, R. H. (1986). Contact is not enough: An intergroup perspective on the contact hypothesis. In M. Hewstone & R. Brown (Eds.), Contact and conflict in intergroup encounters: Social psychology and society (pp. 1-44). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
28. Hogg, M. A., & Abrams, D. (1988). Social identifications: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes. New York: Routledge.
29. Houston, V., & Bull, R. (1994). Do people avoid sitting next to someone who is facially disfigured? European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 279-284.
30. Kleck, R. E. (1968). Physical stigma and nonverbal cues emitted in face-to-face interaction. Human Relations, 21, 19-28.
31. Kleck, R. E. (1969). Physical stigma and task oriented interactions. Human Relations, 22, 53-60.
32. Kleck, R. E., Buck, P. L., Coller, W. L., London, R. S., Pfeiffer, J. R., & Vukcevic, D. P. (1968). Effect of stigmatizing conditions on the use of personal space. Psychological Reports, 23, 111-118.
33. Kleck, R. E., Ono, H., & Hastorf, A. H. (1966). The effects of physical deviance upon face to face interaction. Human Relations, 19, 425-436.
34. Marinelli, R. P., & Kelz, J. W. (1973). Anxiety and attitudes toward visibly disabled persons. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 16, 198-205.
35. Nadler, A. (1990). Help-seeking behavior as a coping resource. In M. Rosenbaum (Ed.), Learned resourcefulness: On coping skills, self-control, and adaptive behavior (pp. 127-162). New York: Springer.
36. Newberry, M. K., & Parish, T. S. (1987). Enhancement of attitudes toward handicapped children through social interactions. Journal of Social Psychology, 127, 59-62.
37. Ray, B. M. (1985). Measuring the social position of the mainstreamed handicapped child. Exceptional Children, 52, 57-62.
38. Richardson, S. A. (1976). Attitudes and behavior toward the physically handicapped. In D. Bergsma & A. E. Pulver (Eds.), Developmental disabilities (psychological and social implications) (pp. 15-31). New York: Alan R. Liss.
39. Ryan, E. B., Bourhis, R. Y., & Knops, U. (1991). Evaluative perceptions of patronizing speech addressed to elders. Psychology & Aging, 6, 442-450.
40. Ryan, E. B., & Cole, R. (1990). Evaluative perceptions of interpersonal communication with elders. In H. Giles, N. Coupland, & J. Wiemann (Eds.), Communication, health, and the elderly (pp. 172-190). Manchester, England: Manchester University Press.
41. Ryan, E. B., Hummert, M. L., & Boich, L. H. (1995). Communication predicaments of aging: Patronizing behavior toward older adults. Journal of Language & Social Psychology, 14, 144-166.
42. Ryan, E. B., MacLean, M., & Orange, J. B. (1994). Inappropriate accommodation in communication to elders: Inferences about nonverbal correlates. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 39, 273-291.
43. Stephan, W. C., & Stephan, C. W. (1985). Intergroup anxiety. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 157-175.
44. Stovall, C., & Sedlacek, W. E. (1983). Attitudes of male and female university students toward students with different physical disabilities. Journal of College Student Personnel, 24, 325-330.
45. Strenta, A. C., & Kleck, R. E. (1985). Physical disability and the attribution dilemma: Perceiving the causes of social behavior. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 3, 129-142.
46. Surra, C. A., & Ridley, C. A. (1991). Multiple perspectives on interaction: Participants, peers, and observers. In B. M. Montgomery & S. Duck (Eds.), Studying interpersonal interaction (pp. 35-55). New York: Guilford.
47. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). An integrative theory of intergroup relations. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
48. Thompson, T. L. (1982). "You can't play marbles - You have a wooden hand": Communication with the handicapped. Communication Quarterly, 30, 108-115.
49. Weinberg, N. (1983). Social equity and the physically disabled. Social Work, 28, 365-369.
50. Wilder, D. A. (1993). The role of anxiety in facilitating Stereotypic judgment of outgroup behavior. In D. M. Mackie & D. L. Hamilton (Eds.), Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception (pp. 87-110). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
51. Yuker, H. E. (1988). Attitudes toward persons with disabilities. New York: Springer.