Evaluation of biological control of the tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) in alfalfa by the introduced parasite Peristenus digoneutis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Environmental Entomology

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 512-518

  Day, W H ^a  

^a USDA ARS   (United States)

Author keywords

alfalfa; biocontrol; Lygus; parasites; Peristenus

Indexed keywords

ADELPHOCORIS LINEOLATUS; ARTHROPODA; BRACONIDAE; GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM; HEMIPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; LYGUS; LYGUS LINEOLARIS; MEDICAGO SATIVA; MIRIDAE; PERISTENUS; PERISTENUS DIGONEUTIS; PERISTENUS PALLIPES;

EID: 0030484110     PISSN: 0046225X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ee/25.2.512     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Bierne, B. P. 1985. Avoidable obstacles to colonization in classical biological control of insects. Can. J. Zool. 63: 743-747.
2. Bilewicz-Pawinska, T. 1976. Natural enemies of some plant bugs (Miridae) in Poland. Roczniki Nauk Roln. Ser. E T-6: 125-135.
3. Carl, K. P. 1982. Biological control of native pests by introduced natural enemies. Biocontrol News Inf. 3: 191-200.
4. Carruthers, R. I., and J. A. Onsager. 1993. Perspective on the use of exotic natural enemies for biological control of pest grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Environ. Entomol, 22: 885-903.
5. Clancy, D. W., and H. D. Pierce. 1966. Natural enemies of some Iygus bugs. J. Econ. Entomol. 59: 853-858.
6. Coulson, J. R. 1987. Studies on the biological control of plant bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae): an introduction and history, 1961-1983, pp 1-12. In R. C. Hedlund and H. M. Graham [eds.], Economic importance and biological control of Lygus and Adelphocoris in North America U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service 64. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
7. Craig, C. H., and C. C. Loan. 1984. Lygus spp., plant bugs (Heteroptera. Miridae), pp. 45-47. In J. S Kelleher and M. A. Hulme [eds.], Biological control programmes against insects and weeds in Canada, 1969-1980. Commonw. Agricultural Bureaux, Farnam Royal, England.
8. Day, W. H. 1987. Biological control efforts against Lygus and Adelphocoris spp. infesting alfalfa in the United States, with notes on other associated mirid species, pp. 20-39. In R. C. Hedlund and H M. Graham [eds.], Economic importance and biological control of Lygus and Adelphocoris in North America. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service 64. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
9. 1994. Estimating mortality caused by parasites and diseases of insects: comparisons of the dissection and rearing methods. Environ. Entomol. 23: 543-550.
10. 1995. Biological observations on Phasia robertsonii (Townsend) (Diptera: Tachinidae), a native parasite of adult plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) feeding on alfalfa and grasses. J N.Y Entomol. Soc 103: 100-106.
11. Day, W. H., and L. B. Saundere. 1990. Abundance of the garden fleahopper (Hemiptera: Miridae) on alfalfa and parasitism by Leiophron uniformis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 83: 101-106.
12. Day, W. H., R. C. Hedlund, L. B. Saunders, and D. Coutinot. 1990. Establishment of Peristenus digoneutis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasite of the tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae), in the United States. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 85: 482-488.
13. Day, W. H., P. M. Marsh, R. W. Fuester, H. Hoyer, and R. J. Dysart, 1992. Biology, initial effect, and description of a new species of Peristenus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasite of the alfalfa plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae), recently established in the United States. Ann. Entomol. Soc Am. 85: 482-488.
14. DeBach, P., and D. Rosen. 1991. Biological control by natural enemies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
15. Ervin, R. T., L. J. Moffitt, and D. E. Meyerdirk, 1983. Comstock mealybug: cost analysis of a biological control program in California. J. Econ. Entomol. 76: 605-609.
16. Freese, F. 1967. Elementary statistical methods for foresters. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
17. Greathead, D. J. 1986. Parasitoids in classical biological control, pp. 290-306. In J. Waage and D. J. Greathead [eds], Insect parasitoids. Academic, New York.
18. Hedlund, R. C. 1987. Foreign exploration for natural enemies of Lygus and Adelphocoris plant bugs, PP. 76-81- In R. C. Hedlund and H. M. Graham [eds.], 1987. Economic importance and biological control of Lygus and Adelphocoris in North America. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service 64. National Technical Informative Service, Springfield. VA.
19. Hokkanen, H., and D. Pimentel. 1989. New associations in biological control: theory and practice. Can. Entomol 121: 829-840
20. Huffaker, C. B., and C. E. Kennett. 1969. Some aspects of assessing efficiency of natural enemies. Can. Entomol. 101: 425-447.
21. Loan, C. C., and F. G. Holdaway. 1961. Microctonus aethiops (Nees) and Perilitus rutilis (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), European parasites of Sitona weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Can. Entomol. 93. 1057-1079.
22. Reichelderfer, K. H. 1981. Economic feasibility of biological control of crop pests, pp. 407-412. In G. C. Papavizas [ed], Biological control in crop protection. Allenheld, Osmun, Totowa, NJ.
23. Rosen, D., and P. DeBach. 1992. Foreign exploration: the key to classical biological control Fla. Entomol. 75: 409-413.
24. Scott, D. R. 1987. Biological control of lygus bugs on vegetable and fruit crops, pp 40-47. In R. C. Hedlund and H. M. Graham [eds.], Economic importance and biological control of Lygus and Adelphocoris in North America. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service 64. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
25. Simmonds, F. J. 1972. Biological control in the tropics. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control Technical Bulletin 15: 159-169.
26. Young, O. P. 1986. Host plants of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 79: 747-762.