Molecular phylogenies of fig pollinating and non-pollinating wasps and the implications for the origin and evolution of the fig-fig wasp mutualism

Journal of Biogeography

Volumn 23, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 531-542

  Machado, Carlos A ^a,b   Herre, Edward Allen ^b   McCafferty, Shawn ^b   Bermingham, Eldredge ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Panama)

Author keywords

12S rRNA; Agaonidae; co evolution; COII; mitochondrial DNA; molecular phylogeny; mutualism

Indexed keywords

AGAONIDAE; FICUS (ANGIOSPERM); VESPIDAE;

EID: 0030482795     PISSN: 03050270     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.1996.tb00015.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (65)

1. Beckenbach, A.T., Wei, Y.W. & Liu, H. (1993) Relationships of the Drosophila obscura species group, inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II sequences. Mol. Biol Evol. 10, 619-634.
2. Berg, C.C. (1989) Classification and distribution of Ficus. Experientia, 45, 605-611.
3. Berg, C.C. & Wiebes, J.T. (1992) African fig trees and fig wasps. Verhand. K Ned. Akad. Wetcnsch. 89, 1-298.
4. Bouček, Z. (1988) 6. Family Agaonidae. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species, pp. 156-209. CAB International, Wallingford, U.K.
5. Bouček, Z. (1993) The genera of chalcidoid wasps from Ficus fruit in the new world J Nat. Hist. 27, 173-217.
6. Bouček, Z., Watsham, A. & Wiebes, J.T. (1981) The fig wasp fauna of the receptacles of Ficus thonningii, Tijdschr. Entomol. 124, 149-231.
7. Bronstein, J.L. (1991) The non-pollinating wasp fauna of Ficus pertusa: exploitation of a mutualism? Oikos, 61, 175-186.
8. Clary, D.O. & Wolstenholme, D.R. (1985) The mitochondrial DNA molecule of Drosophila yakuba: nucleotide sequence, gene organization, and genetic code. J. Mol. Evol. 22, 252-271.
9. Compton, S.G. (1993) One way to be a fig. Afric Entomol. 1, 151-158.
10. Compton, S.G. & Hawkins, B.A. (1992) Determinants of species richness in southern African fig wasp assemblages. Oecologia, 91, 68-74.
11. Compton, S.G. & van Noort, S (1992) Southern African fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): resource utilization and host relationships. Proc. K. Ned Akad. Wetensch. 95, 423-435
12. Corner, E.J.H. (1940) Wayside Trees of Malaya. Singapore Government Printing Office, Singapore.
13. Corner, E.J.H. (1985) Ficus (Moraceae) and Hymenoptera (Chalcidoidea): figs and their pollinators. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 25, 187-195.
14. Crozier, R.H., Crozier, Y.C. & Mackinlay, A G. (1989) The COI and COII region of honey-bee mitochondrial DNA: evidence for variation in insect mitochondrial rates. Mol Biol. Evol. 6, 399-411.
15. Felsenstein, J. (1985) Confidence Simits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution, 39, 783-791.
16. Felsenstein, J. (1993) PHYLIP, Phylogenetic Inference Package, Version 3.5. University of Washington, Seattle.
17. Frank, S.A. (1984) The behavior and morphology of the fig wasps Pegoscapus assuetus and P. jimenezi: descriptions and suggested behaviors for phylogenetic studies. Psyche, 91, 289-307
18. Frank, S. (1985) Hierarchical selection theory and sex ratios. II On applying the theory, and testing with fig wasps. Evolution. 39, 949-964.
19. Galil, J. (1977) Fig biology. Endeavour, 1, 52-56.
20. Godfray, H.C.J. (1988) Virginity in haplodiploid populations: a study on fig wasps. Ecol Enromol. 13, 283-291.
21. Gordh, G. (1975) The comparative external morphology and systematics of the neotropical parasitic fig wasp genus Idarnes (Hymenoptera: Torymidae). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 50, 389-455.
22. Hafner, M.S. & Nadler, S.A. (1988) Phylogenetic trees support the coevolution of parasites and their hosts. Nature, 332, 258-259.
23. Hafner, M.S & Nadler, S.A. (1990) Cospeciation in host-parasite assemblages: comparative analysis of rates of evolution and timing of cospeciation events. Syst Zool. 39, 192-204.
24. Hafner, M.S., Sudman, P.D., Villablanca, F.X., Spradling, T.A., Demastes, J.W. & Nadler, S.A (1994) Disparate rates of molecular evolution in cospeciating hosts and parasites. Science, 265, 1087-1090.
25. Hamilton, W.D. (1967) Extraordinary sex ratios. Science, 156, 477-488.
26. Hamilton, W.D. (1979) Wingless and fighting males in fig wasps and other insects. Sexual Selection and Reproductive Competition in Insects (ed. by M.S. Blum and N.A. Blum), pp. 167-220. Academic Press, London.
27. Hawkins, B.A. & Compton, S.G. (1992) African fig wasp communities: undersaturation and latitudinal gradients in species richness. J. Anim. Ecol. 61, 361-372.
28. Herre, E.A. (1985) Sex ratio adjustment in fig wasps. Science, 228, 896-898.
29. Herre, E.A. (1987) Optimality, Plasticity, and selective regime in fig wasp sex ratios. Nature, 329, 627-629.
30. Herre, E.A. (1989) Coevolution of reproductive characteristics in twelve species of new world figs and their pollinator wasps. Experiemia, 45, 637-647.
31. Herre, E.A., West, S.A, Cook, J.M., Compton, S G & Kjellberg, F. (1996) Fig wasps: pollinators and parasites, sex ratio adjustment and male polymorphism, population structure and its consequences. In Social Competition and Cooperation in Insects and Arachnids: I. Evolution of mating systems (ed. by J. Choe and B. Crespi). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
32. Higgins, D.G. & Sharp, P.M. (1988) CLUSTAL: a package for performing multiple sequence alignments on a microcomputer. Gene, 73, 237-244.
33. Higuchi, R.G. & Ochman, H. (1989) Production of single-stranded DNA templates by exonuclease digestion following the polymerase chain reaction. Nucl. Ac. Res. 17, 5865
34. Hossaert-McKey, M., Gibernau, M. & Frey, J.E. (1994) Chemosensory attraction of fig wasps to substances produced by receptive figs. Ent Exp Appl 70, 185-191.
35. Janzen, D.H. (1979) How to be a fig. Ann. Rev. Ecol Syst. 10, 13-51.
36. Joseph, K J. (1957) Contributions to our knowledge of fig insects (Chalcidoidea: Parasitic Hymenoptera) from India. VII. Descriptions of fifteen new and revision of some old species. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 125, 97-133.
37. Kishino, H. & Hasegawa, M. (1989) Evaluation of the maximum likelihood estimate of the evolutionary tree topologies from DNA sequence data, and the branching order in Hommoidea. J. Mol Evol. 29, 170-179.
38. Kjellberg, F. (1983). La strategie reproductive du figuier (Ficus carica) et de son pollinisateur (Blastophagapsenes L.), un exemple de coevolution. PhD thesis. Institute Nationale Agronomique, France
39. Kjellberg, F., Gouyon, P.-H., Ibrahim, M. & Valdeyron, G. (1987) The stability of the symbiosis between dioecious figs and their pollinators: a study of Ficus carica L. and Blastophaga psenes L. Evolution, 41, 693-704.
40. Kocher, T.D., Thomas, W.K , Meyer, A., Pääbo, S.V., Villablanca, F X. & Wilson, A.C (1989) Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals: amplification and sequencing with conserved primers. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 6196-6200
41. Kumar, S., Tamura, K. & Nei, M. (1993) MEGA: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis, Version 1.0. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
42. Liu, H.L. & Beckenbach, A.T. (1992) Evolution of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene among 10 orders of insects. Mol Phylogenet. Evol. 1, 41-52.
43. Maddison, W.P. & Maddison, D.R. (1992) MacClade: Analysis of phylogeny and character evolution, Version 3.0 Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
44. Moran, N. & Baumann, P. (1994) Phylogenetics of cytoplasmically inherited microorganisms of arthropods. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9, 15-20.
45. Murray, M.G. (1989) Environmental constraints on fighting in flightless male fig wasps. Anim, Behav 38, 186-193.
46. Page, R.D.M. (1993a) COMPONENT, Version2.0 Natural History Museum, London.
47. Page, R.D.M. (1993b) Maps between trees and cladistic analysis of historical associations among genes, organisms and areas. Syst. Biol. 43, 58-77.
48. Page, R.D.M. (1994) Genes, organisms and areas: the problem of multiple lineages. Syst. Biol. 42, 77-84.
49. Ramirez, W.B. (1974) Specificity of Agaonidae: the coevolution of Ficus and its pollinators. PhD thesis, University of Kansas.
50. Saiki, R.K., Gelfand, D.H., Stoffel, S., Scharf, S.J., Higuchi, R., Horn, G.T., Mullis, K.B. & Ehrlich, H.A. (1988) Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science, 239, 487-491.
51. Saitou, N. & Nei, M. (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4, 406-425.
52. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. & Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular Cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.
53. Sanger, F., Nicklen, S. & Coulson, A.R. (1977) DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S A. 74, 5463-5467.
54. Simon, C., Pääbo, S.V., Kocher, T.D. & Wilson, A.C. (1989) Evolution of mitochondrial ribisomal RNA in insects as shown by the polymerase chain reaction. Molecular Evolution. UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology. New series, vol. 122 (ed. by M. Clegg and S. Clark), pp 235-244. Alan R. Liss Inc., New York.
55. Swofford, D. (1991) PAUP: Phyhgenetic Analysis Using Parsimony, Version 3.1. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois.
56. Tamura, K. (1992) Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions when there are strong transition-transversion and G+C-content biases. Mol. Biol Biol. 9, 678-687.
57. Ulenberg, S.A. (1985) The phylogeny of the genus Apocrypta Coquerl in relation to its hosts, Ceratosolen mayr (Agaonidae) and Ficus L., Verhand. K. Ned Akad. Wetensch. 83, 149-176.
58. van Noort, S. (1991) The systematics and phylogenetics of the Sycoecinae (Agaonidae, Chalcidiodea, Hymenoptera). PhD thesis. Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
59. van Noort, S., Ware, A.B. & Compton, S.G. (1989) Pollinator-specific volatile attractants released from the figs of Ficus burttdavyi. Sud-Afrik. Tydskr. Wetens. 85, 323-324.
60. Ware, A.B., Perry, T.K., Compton, S.G. & van Noort, S. (1993) Fig volatiles: their role in attracting pollinators and maintaining pollinator specificity. Plant Syst. Evol. 186, 147-156.
61. West, S. & Herre, E.A. (1994) The ecology of the New World fig parasitizing wasps Idarnes and implications for the evolution of the Fig-pollinator mutualism. Proc. R. Soc. Land B, 258, 67-72.
62. Wiebes, J.T. (1979) Co-evolution of figs and their insect pollinators. Ann. Rev. Biol Syst. 10, 1-12.
63. Wiebes, J.T. (1982) The phylogeny of the Agaonidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Neth J Zool. 32, 395-411.
64. Wiebes, J.T. (1995) Agaonidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) and Ficus (Moraceae): fig wasps and their figs, xv (Meso-American Pegoscapus). Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. 98, 167-183.
65. Willis, L.G., Winston, M.L. & Honda, B.M. (1992) Phylogenetic relationships in the honey bee (Genus Apis) as determined by the sequence of the cytochrome oxidase II region of mitochondrial DNA. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 1, 169-178.