Insect Biocontrol with Non-endemic Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis spp.): Conclusions and Recommendations of a Combined OECD and COST Workshop on Scientific and Regulatory Policy Issues

Biocontrol Science and Technology

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 295-302

  Ehlers, R U ^a   Hokkanen, H M T ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

Biocontrol introductions; Entomopathogenic nematodes; Exotic species; Heterorhabditis; Photorhabdus; Risk assessment; Safety; Steinernema; Symbiotic bacteria; Xenorhabdus

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); HETERORHABDITIS; INSECTA; NEMATODA; PHOTORHABDUS; STEINERNEMA; XENORHABDUS;

EID: 0030482125     PISSN: 09583157     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09583159631280     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. AKHURST, R.J. (1990) Safety to nontarget invertebrates of nematodes of economically important pests, in Safety of Microbial Insecticides (LAIRD, L.A.L. & DAVIDSON, E.W., Eds) CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 233-240.
2. AKHURST, R.J. & DUNPHY, G.B. (1993) Tripartite interactions between symbiotically associated entomopathogenic bacteria, nematodes, and their insect hosts, in Parasites and Pathogens of Insects - Volume 2: Pathogens (BECKAGE, N.E., THOMPSON, S.N. & FEDERICI, B.A., Eds) Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 1-24.
3. AKHURST, R.J., BEDDING, R.A., BULL., R.M. & SMITH, D.R.J. (1992) An epizootic of Heterorhabditis spp. (Heterorhabditidae: Nematoda) in sugar cane scarabaeids (Coleoptera). Fundamental and Applied Nematology 15, 71-73.
4. BATHON, H. (1996) Impact of entomopathogenic nematodes on non-target hosts. Biocontrol Science and Technology 6, 421-434.
5. BEDDING, R.A. (1981) Low cost in-vitro mass production of Neoaplectana and Heterorhabditis species (Nematoda) for field control of insect pests. Nematologica 27, 109-114.
6. BEDDING, R.A. (1984) Large scale production, storage and transport of the insect-parasitic nematodes Neoaplectana spp. and Heterorhabditis spp. Annals of Applied Biology 104, 117-120.
7. BOEMARE, N., LAUMOND, C. & MAULEON, H. (1996) The entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium complex: biology, life cycle and vertebrate safety. Biocontrol Science and Technology 6, 333-345.
8. DOWNES, M.J. & GRIFFIN, C.T. (1996) Dispersal behaviour and transmission strategies of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis and Steinernema. Biocontrol Science and Technology 6, 347-356.
9. EHLERS, R.-U. (1996) Current and future use of nematodes in biocontrol: practice and commercial aspects with regard to regulatory policy issues. Biocontrol Science and Technology 6, 303-316.
10. EHLERS, R.-U. & PETERS, A. (1995) Entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control: feasibility, perspectives and possible risks, in Biological Control: Benefits and Risks (HOKKANEN, H.T.M. & LYNCH, J., Eds) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 119-136.
11. FARMER III, J.J., JORGENSEN, J.H., GRIMONT, P.A.D., AKHURST, R.J., POINAR, G.O. JR., AGERON, E., PIERCE, G.V., SMITH, J.A., CARTER, G.P., WILSON, K.L. & HICKMAN-BRENNER, F.W. (1989) Xenorhabdus luminescens (DNA hybridization group 5) from human clinical specimens. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 27, 1594-1600.
12. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (1994) International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures - Reference Standards. Code of Conduct for the Import and Release of Biological Control Agents. Secretariate of the International Plant Protection Convention of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
13. GAUGLER, R. & BOUSH, G.M. (1979) Nonsusceptibility of rats to the entomogenous nematode. Neoaplectana carpocapsae. Environmental Entomology 8, 658-660.
14. GEORGIS, R. & GAUGLER, R. (1991) Predictability in biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes. Journal of Economic Entomology 84, 713-720.
15. GLASER, R.W. & FARRELL, C.C. (1935) Field experiments with the Japanese beetle and its nematode parasite. Journal of the New York Entomology Society 43, 345-371.
16. GLAZER, I. (1992) Survival and efficacy of Steinernema carpocapsae in an exposed environment. Biocontrol Science and Technology 2, 101-107.
17. GLAZER, I. (1996) Survival mechanisms of entomopathogenic nematodes. Biocontrol Science and Technology 6, 373-378.
18. ISHIBASHI, N. & KONDO, E. (1986) A possible quiescence of the applied entomogenous nematode, Steinernema feltiae, in soil. Japanese Journal of Nematology 16, 66-67.
19. JACKSON, G.J. & BRADBURY, P.C. (1970) Cuticular fine structure and molting of Neoaplectana glaseri (Nematoda), after prolonged contact with rat peritoneal exudate. Journal of Parasitology 56, 108-115.
20. JOYCE, S.A., REID, A., DRIVER, F. & CURRAN, J. (1994) Application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods to the identification of entomopathogenic nematodes, in COST 812 Biotechnology: Genetics of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Bacterium Complexes (BURNELL, A.M., EHLERS, R.-U. & MASSON, J.P., Eds) European Commission, Luxembourg, pp. 178-187.
21. KAYA, H.K. & GAUGLER, R. (1993) Entomopathogenic nematodes. Annual Review of Entomology 38, 181-206.
22. KAYA, H.K. & KOPPENHÖFER, A.M. (1996) Effects of microbial and other antagonistic organisms and competition on entomopathogenic nematodes. Biocontrol Science and Technology 6, 357-371.
23. KERMARREC, A., MAULEON, H., SIRJUSINGH, C. & BAUD, L. (1991) Etudes experimentale de la sensibilité de vertebres heterothermes tropicaux (crapauds, grenouilles, lezards) a diverses souches de nematodes entomoparasites des genres Heterorhabditis et Steinernema, in Rencontres Carabaibes de Lutte Biologique (PARIS, C. & KERMARREC, A., Eds) 58, 193-204.
24. KOBAYASHI, M., OKANO, H. & KIRIHARA, S. (1987) The toxicity of steinernematid and heterorhabditid to male mice, in Recent Advances in Biological Control of Insect Pests by Entomogenous Nematodes in Japan (ISHIBASHI, N., Ed.) Ministry of Education, Japan, p. 153.
25. OBENDORF, D.L., PEEL, B., AKHURST, R.J. & MILLER, L.A. (1983) Non-susceptibility of mammals to the entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophilus. Environmental Entomology 12, 368-370.
26. PARKMAN, J.P. & SMART, G.C., JR. (1996) Entomopathogenic nematodes, a case study: introduction of Steinernema scapterisci in Florida. Biocontrol Science and Technology 6, 413-419.
27. PETERS, A. (1996) The natural host range of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis spp. and their impact on insect populations. Biocontrol Science and Technology 6, 389-402.
28. POINAR, G.O., JR. (1986) Recognition of Neoaplectana species. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 53, 121-129.
29. POINAR, G.O., JR. (1990) Biology and taxonomy of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae, in Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control (GAUGLER, R. & KAYA, H.K., Eds) CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 25-61.
30. POINAR, G.O., JR. & HOM, A. (1986) Survival and horizontal movement of infective stage Neoaplectana carpocapsae in the field. Journal of Nematology 18, 34-36.
31. POINAR, G.O., JR. & THOMAS, G.M. (1988) Infection of frog tadpoles (Amphibia) by insect parasitic nematodes (Rhabditida). Experientia 44, 528-531.
32. POINAR, G.O., JR., THOMAS, G.M., PRESSER, S.B. & HARDY, J.L. (1982) Inoculation of entomogenous nematodes, Neoaplectana and Heterorhabditis, and their associated bacteria, Xenorhabdus spp., into chicks and mice. Environmental Entomology 11, 137-138.
33. RETHMEYER, U. (1991) Auswirkungen eines Einsatzes entomopathogener Nematoden auf die Bodenfauna verschiedener Biotope. PhD Thesis, University of Darmstadt, Germany.
34. SCHMIEGE, D.C. (1963) The feasibility of using a neoaplectanid nematode for control of some forest insect pests. Journal of Economic Entomology 56, 427-431.
35. SIMÕES, N. & ROSA, J. S. (1996) Pathogenicity and host specificity of entomopathogenic nematodes. Biocontrol Science and Technology 6, 403-411.
36. SMITS, P.H. (1996) Post-application persistence of entomopathogenic nematodes. Biocontrol Science and Technology 6.
37. SPIRIDONOV, S.E., AKHMEDOV, E.N. & BELOSTOTSKAYA, F.N. (1991 Proliferation of symbiotic bacteria in the intestinal vesicles of invasive larvae of Neoaplectana spp. (Nematoda, Steinernematidae). Helminthologia 28, 141-142.
38. SULISTYANTO, D. & EHLERS, R.-U. (1996) Efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis megidis and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora for the control of grubs (Phyllopertha horticola and Aphodius contaminatus) in golf course turf. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6, 247-250.
39. UNITED NATIONS (1992) Convention on Biological Diversity. Environmental Law and Institutions Programme Activity Centre, United Nations Environment Programme, New York.
40. VAN TOL, R. (1993) Control of black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) with different isolates of Heterorhabditis sp. and Metarhizium anisopliae in nursery stock. Proceedings of Experimental and Applied Entomology, NEV Amsterdam 4, 181-186.
41. WOMERSLEY, C.Z. (1990) Dehydration survival and anhydrobiotic potential, in Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control (GAUGLER, R. & KAYA, H.K., Eds) CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 117-138.