Differential effects of prenatal cocaine and retinoic acid on activity level throughout day and night

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

Volumn 55, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 595-605

  Church, Michael W ^a,b   Tilak, Jacqueline P ^b  

^a Fetal Alcohol Research Center   (United States)

^b WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

activity levels; basic rest activity cycle (BRAC); biorhythms; neophobia; prenatal cocaine; prenatal retinoic acid

Indexed keywords

COCAINE; RETINOIC ACID;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; BEHAVIOR; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NONHUMAN; PRENATAL DRUG EXPOSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REVIEW;

EID: 0030479820     PISSN: 00913057     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0091-3057(96)00285-7     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. 1. Abel, E. L. Fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. 1984 New York:Plenum Press.
2. 2. Adams, J. Structure-activity and dose-response relationships in the neural and behavioral teratogenesis of retinoids. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 15:193-202; 1993.
3. 3. Akbari, H. M.; Azmitia, E. C. Increased tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the rat cortex following prenatal cocaine exposure. Dev. Brain Res. 66:277-281; 1992.
4. 4. Bandstra, E. S.; Burkett, G. Maternal-fetal and neonatal effects of in utero cocaine exposure. Sem. Perinatol. 15:288-301; 1991.
5. 5. Byrnes, J. J.; Pritchard, G. A.; Koff, J. M.; Miller, L. G. Prenatal cocaine exposure: Decreased sensitization to cocaine and decreased striatal dopamine transporter binding in offspring. Neuropharmacology 32:721-723; 1993.
6. 6. Chasnoff, I. J.; Burns, W. J.; Schnoll, S. H.; Burns, K. A. Cocaine use in pregnancy. N. Engl. J. Med. 313:666-669; 1985.
7. 7. Chasnoff, I. J.; Griffith, D. R.; MacGregor, S.; Dirkes, K.; Burns, K. A. Temporal patterns of cocaine use in pregnancy. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 261:1741-1744; 1989.
8. 8. Church, M. W.; Dintcheff, B. A.; Gessner, P. K. Dose-dependent consequences of cocaine on pregnancy outcome in the Long-Evans rat. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 10:51-58; 1988.
9. 9. Church, M. W.; Dintcheff, B. A.; Gessner, P. K. The interactive effects of alcohol and cocaine on maternal and fetal toxicity in the Long-Evans rat. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 10:355-361; 1988.
10. 10. Church, M. W.; Overbeck, G. W. Prenatal cocaine exposure in the Long-Evans rat. II. Dose-dependent effects on offspring behavior. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 12:335-343; 1990.
11. 11. Church, M. W.; Overbeck, G. W.; Andrzejczak, A. L. Prenatal cocaine exposure in the Long-Evans rat: I. Dose-dependent effects on gestation, mortality, and postnatal maturation. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 12:327-334; 1990.
12. 12. Church, M. W.; Holmes, P. A.; Overbeck, G. W.; Tilak, J.; Zajac, C. S. Interactive effects of prenatal alcohol and cocaine exposures on offspring development and behavior in the Long-Evans rat. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 13:377-386; 1991.
13. 13. Church, M. W.; Kaufmann, R. A.; Keenan, J. A.; Martier, S. S.; Savoy-Moore, R. T.; Ostrea, E. M.; Subramanian, M. G.; Welch, R. A.; Zajac, C. S. Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure In: Watson, R. R., ed. Biochemistry and physiology of substance abuse, vol. III. (Chapter 8); 1991, pp. 179-204; Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
14. 14. Church, M. W.; Rauch, H. C. Prenatal cocaine exposure in the laboratory mouse: Effects on maternal water consumption and offspring outcome. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 14:313-319; 1992.
15. 15. Church, M. W.; Morbach, C. A.; Subramanian, M. G. Comparative effects of prenatal cocaine, alcohol and undernutrition on maternal/fetal toxicity and body composition in the Sprague-Dawley rat with observations on strain-dependent differences. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 17:559-567; 1995.
16. 16. Coles, C. D.; Platzman, K. A.; Smith, I., et al. Effects of cocaine and alcohol use in pregnancy on neonatal growth and neurobehavioral status. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 14:23-34; 1992.
17. 17. Denenberg, V. H. Open field behavior in the rat: What does it mean? Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 159:852-859; 1969.
18. 18. Dow-Edwards, D. L.; Freed, L. A.; Fico, T. A. Structural and functional effects of prenatal cocaine exposure in adult rat brain. Dev. Brain Res. 57:263-2689; 1990.
19. 19. Fung, Y. K.; Reed, J. A.; Lau, Y. S. Prenatal cocaine exposure fails to modify neurobehavioral responses and the striatal dopaminergic system in newborn rats. Gen. Pharmacol. 20:689-693; 1989.
20. 20. Giordano, M.; Moody, C. A.; Zubrycki, E. M.; Dreshfield, L.; Norman, A. B.; Sanberg, P. R. Prenatal exposure to cocaine in rats: Lack of long-term effects on locomotion and stereotypy. Bull. Psychonomic. Soc. 28:51-54; 1990.
21. 21. Goodwin, G. A.; Heyser, C. J.; Moody, C. A.; Rajachandran, L.; Molina, V. A.; Arnold, H. M.; McKinzie, D. L.; Spear, N. E.; Spear, L. P. A fostering study of the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure: II. Offspring behavioral measures. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 14:423-432; 1992.
22. 22. Hall, C. S. Emotional behavior in the rat. I. Defecation and urination as measures of individual differences in emotionality. J Comp Psychol 18:385-403; 1934.
23. 23. Henderson, M. G.; McConnaughey, M. M.; McMillen, B. A. Longterm consequences of prenatal exposure to cocaine or related drugs: Effects on rat brain monoaminergic receptors. Brain Res. Bull. 26:941-945; 1991.
24. 24. Henderson, M. G.; McMillen, B. A. Effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine or related drugs on rat developmental and neurobiological indices. Brain Res. Bull. 24:207-212; 1990.
25. 25. Henderson, M. G.; McMillen, B. A. Changes in dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites in discrete brain areas of rat offspring after in utero exposure to cocaine or related drugs. Teratology 48:421-430; 1993.
26. 26. Heyser, C. J.; Miller, J. S.; Spear, N. E.; Spear, L. P. Prenatal exposure to cocaine disrupts cocaine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. Neurotox. Teratol. 14:57-64; 1992.
27. 27. Heyser, C. J.; Molina, V. A.; Spear, L. P. A fostering study of the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure: I. Maternal behaviors. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 14:415-421; 1992.
28. 28. Heyser, C. J.; Spear, N. E.; Spear, L. P. Effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine on conditional discrimination learning in adult rats. Behav. Neurosci. 106:837-845; 1992.
29. 29. Hilakivi, L.; Tuomisto, L.; Hilakivi, I.; Kiianmaa, K.; Hellevuo, K.; Hyytia, P. Effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on neonatal sleep-wake behavior and adult alcohol consumption in the AA and ANA rat lines. Alc. & Alcohol. 22:231-240; 1987.
30. 30. Hughes, H. E.; Pringle, G. F.; Scribani, L. A.; Dow-Edwards, D. L. Cocaine treatment in neonatal rats affects the adult behavioral response to amphetamine. Neurotox. Teratol. 13:335-339; 1991.
31. 31. Hutchings, D. E.; Feraru, E.; Gorinson, H. S.; Golden, R. R. Effects of prenatal methadone on the rat rest-activity cycle of the pre-weanling rat. Neurobehav. Toxicol. 1:33-40;1979.
32. 32. Hutchings, D. E.; Fico, T. A.; Dow-Edwards, D. L. Prenatal cocaine: Maternal toxicity, fetal effects and locomotor activity in rat offspring, Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 11:65-69; 1989.
33. 33. Hutchings, D. E.; Zmitrovich, A.; Brake, S. C.; Malowany, P.; Church, S.; Nero, T. J. Prenatal administration of methadone using the osmotic minipump: Effects on maternal and offspring toxicity, growth, and behavior in the offspring. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 14:65-72; 1992.
34. 34. Johns, J. M.; Means, L. W.; Means, M. J.; McMillan, B. A. Prenatal exposure to cocaine I: Effects on gestation, development, and activity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 14:337-342; 1992.
35. 35. Johns, J. M.; Means, M. J.; Anderson, D. R.; Means, L. W.; McMillen, B. A. Prenatal exposure to cocaine II: Effects on open-field activity and cognitive behavior in Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 14:343-349; 1992.
36. 36. Johns, J. M.; Noonan, L. M. Maternal behavior and aggression in Sprague-Dawley rats. Behav. Neurosci. 108:107-112; 1994.
37. 37. Joutsiniemi, S. L.; Leinonen, L.; Laakso, M. L. Continuous recordings of locomotor activity in groups of rats: Postweaning maturation. Physiol. Behav. 50:649-654; 1991.
38. 38. Keller, R. W. Jr.; Maisonneuve, I. M.; Nuccio, D. M.; Carlson, J. N.; Glick, S. D. Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on the nigrostriatal dopamine system: An in vivo microdialysis study in the rat. Brain Res. 63:266-274; 1994.
39. 39. Kunko, P. M.; Moyer, D., Robinson, S. E. Intravenous gestational cocaine in rats: Effects of offspring development and weanling behavior. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 15:335-344; 1993.
40. 40. Kunko, P. M.; Wallace, M. J.; Robinson, S. E. Gestational cocaine and ethanol exposure alter spontaneous and cocaine-induced behavior in weanling rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 55:559-564; 1996.
41. 41. Laferrire, A.; Ertug, F.; Moss, I. R. Prenatal cocaine alters openfield behavior in young swine. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 17:81-87; 1995.
42. 42. Lester, B. M.; Corwin, M. J.; Sepkoski, C.; Seifer, R.; Peucker, M.; McLaughlin, S.; Golub, H. L. Neurobehavioral syndromes in cocaine-exposed newborn infants. Child Dev. 62:694-705; 1991.
43. 43. Livezey, G. T.; Radulovacki, M.; Isaac, L.; Marczynski, T. J. Prenatal exposure to diazepam results in enduring reductions in brain receptors and deep slow wave sleep. Brain Res. 334:361-365; 1985.
44. 44. Magnano, C. L.; Gardner, J. M.; Karmel, B. Z. Differences in salivary cortisol levels in cocaine-exposed and noncocaine-exposed NICU infants. Dev. Psychobiol. 25:93-103; 1992.
45. 45. Meyer, J. S. Prenatal neurochemistry of cocaine. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 654:487-488; 1992.
46. 46. Meyer, J. S.; Dupont, S. A. Prenatal cocaine administration stimulates fetal brain tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Brain Res. 608:129-137; 1993.
47. 47. Meyer, J. S.; Robinson, P., Todtenkopf, M. S. Prenatal cocaine treatment reduces haloperidol-induced catalepsy on postnatal day 10. Neurotox. Teratol. 16:193-199; 1994.
48. 48. Meyer, J. S.; Sherlock, J. D.; MacDonald, N. R. Effects of prenatal cocaine on behavioral responses to a cocaine challenge on postnatal day 11. Neurotox. Teratol. 14:183-189; 1992.
49. 49. Miller, D. B.; Seidler, F. J. Prenatal cocaine eliminates the sex-dependent differences in activation observed in adult rats after cocaine challenge. Brain Res. Bull. 33:179-182; 1994.
50. 50. Minabe, Y.; Ashby, C. R. Jr.; Heyser, C.; Spear, L. P.; Wang, R. Y. The effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on spontaneously active midbrain dopamine neurons in adult male offspring: An electrophysiological study. Brain Res. 586:152-156; 1992.
51. 51. Mirmiran, M.; Van de Poll, N. E.; Corner, M. A.; Van Oyen, H. G.; Bour, H. L. Suppression of active sleep by chronic treatment with chlorimipramine during early postnatal development: Effects upon adult sleep and behavior in the rat. Brain Res. 204:129-146; 1981.
52. 52. Mirochnick, M.; Meyer, J.; Cole, J.; Herren, T.; Zuckerman, B. Circulating catecholamine concentrations in cocaine-exposed neonates: A pilot study. Pediatr 88:481-485; 1991.
53. 53. Moody, C. A.; Robinson, S. R.; Spear, L. P.; Smotherman, W. P. Fetal behavior and the dopamine system: Actiivty effects of D1 and D2 receptor manipulations. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 44:843-850; 1993.
54. 54. Needleman, R.; Zuckerman, B.; Anderson, G. M.; Mirochnick, M.; Cohen, D. J. Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine precursors and metabolites in human neonates following in utero cocaine exposure: A preliminary study. Pediatr 92:55-60; 1993.
55. 55. Nolen, G. A. The effects of prenatal retinoic acid on the viability and behavior of the offspring. Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol 8:643-654; 1986.
56. 56. Oro, A. S.; Dixon, S. D. Perinatal cocaine and mathamphetamine exposure: Maternal and neonatal correlates. J. Pediatrics 3:571-578; 1987.
57. 57. Peeke, H. V. S.; Dark, K. A.; Salamy, A.; Salfi, M.; Shah, S. N. Cocaine exposure prebreeding to weaning: Maternal and offspring effects. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 48:403-410; 1994.
58. 58. Peris, J.; Coleman-Hardee, M.; Millard, W. J. Cocaine in utero enhances the behavioral response to cocaine in adult rats. Pharmacol. Behav. 42:509-515; 1992.
59. 59. Raum, W. J.; McGivern, R. F.; Peterson, M. A.; Shryne, J. H.; Gorski, R. A. Prenatal inhibition of hypothalamic sex steroid uptake by cocaine: Effects on neurobehavioral sexual differentiation in male rats. Dev. Brain Res. 53:230-236; 1990.
60. 60. Rodning, C.; Beckwith, L.; Howard, J. Prenatal exposure to drugs and its influence on attachment. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 562:352-354; 1989.
61. 61. Rogeness, G. A.; Javors, M. A.; Pliszka, S. R. Neurochemistry and child and adolescent psychiatry. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiat. 31:765-781; 1992.
62. 62. Rusak, B.; Zucker, I. Neural regulation of circadian rhythms. Am. Physiol. Soc. 59:449-526; 1979.
63. 63. Scalzo, F. M.; Ali, S. F.; Frambes, N. A.; Spear, L. P. Weanling rats exposed prenatally to cocaine exhibit an increase in striatal D2 dopamine binding associated with an increase in ligand affinity. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 37:371-373; 1990.
64. 64. Scher, M. S.; Richardson, G. A.; Coble, P. A.; Day, N. L.; Stoffer, D. S. The effects of prenatal alcohol and marijuana exposure: Disturbances in neonatal sleep cycling and arousal. Pediatr. Res. 24:101-105; 1988.
65. 65. Simonik, D. K.; Robinson, S. R.; Smotherman, W. P. Cocaine alters behavior in the rat fetus. Behav. Neurosci. 107:867-875; 1993.
66. 66. Smith, R. F.; Mattran, K. M.; Kurkjian, M. F.; Kurtz, S. L. Alterations in offspring behavior induced by chronic prenatal cocaine dosing. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 11:35-38; 1989.
67. 67. Schneider, J. W.; Chasnoff, I. J. Motor assessment of cocaine/ polydrug exposed infants at age 4 months. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 14:97-101; 1992.
68. 68. Sobrian, S. K.; Burton, L. E.; Robinson, N. L.; Ashe, W. K.; James, H.; Stokes, D. L.; Turner, L.M. Neurobehavioral and immunological effects of prenatal cocaine exposure in rat. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 35:617-629; 1990.
69. 69. Soprano, D. R.; Soprano, K. J. Retinoids as teratogens. Ann. Rev. Nutr. 15:111-132; 1995.
70. 70. Spear, L. P.; Kirstein, C. L.; Bell, J.; Yoottanasumpun, V.; Greenbaum, R.; O'Shea, J.; Hoffmann, H.; Spear, N. E. Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on behavior during the early postnatal period. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 11:57-63; 1989.
71. 71. Spires, M. C.; Gordon, E. F.; Choudhuri, M.; Maldonado, E.; Chan, R. Intracranial hemorrhage in a neonate following prenatal cocaine exposure. Pediatr. Neurol. 5:324-326; 1989.
72. 72. Stadlin, A.; Choi, H. L.; Tsang, D. Postnatal changes in [H]mazindol-labelled dopamine uptake sites in the rat striatum following prenatal cocaine exposure. Brain Res. 637:345-348; 1994.
73. 73. Vathy, I.; Katay, L.; Mini, K. N. Sexually dimorphic effects of prenatal cocaine on adult sexual behavior and brain catecholamines in rats. Dev. Brain Res. 73:115-122; 1993.
74. 74. Viswanathan, N.; Weaver, D. R.; Reppert, S. M.; Davis, F. C. Entrainment of the fetal hamster circadian pacemaker by prenatal injections of the dopamine agonist SKF-38393. J. Neurosci. 14:5393-5398; 1994.
75. 75. Volpe, J. J. Effect of cocaine use on the fetus. N. Engl. J. Med. 327:399-407; 1992.
76. 76. Vorhees, C. V. Some behavioral effects of maternal hypervitaminosis A in rats. Teratol 10:269-274; 1974.
77. 77. Vorhees, C. V.; Brunner, R. L.; McDaniel, C. R.; Butcher, R. E. The relationship of gestational age to vitamin A induced postnatal dysfunction. Teratol. 17:271-276; 1978.
78. 78. Vorhees, C. V.; Brunner, R. L.; Butcher, R. E. Psychotropic drugs as behavioral teratogens. Science 205:1220-1225; 1979.
79. 79. Weaver, D. R.; Rivkees, S. A.; Reppert, S. M. D1-dopamine receptors activate c-fos-expression in the fetal suprachiasmatic nuclei. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89:9201-9204; 1992.
80. 80. Webster, W. S.; Brown-Woodman, P. D. C.; Lipson, A. H.; Ritchie, H. E. Fetal brain damage in the rat following prenatal exposure to cocaine. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 13:621-626; 1991.
81. 81. Weese-Mayer, D. E.; Silvestri, J. M.; Lin, D.; Buhrfiend, C. M.; Ptak, L. R.; Lo, E. S.; Carvey, P. M. Hypoxia after prenatal cocaine attenuates striatal dopamine and neurotropic activity. Neurotox. Teratol. 16:177-181; 1994.
82. 82. Wood, R. D.; Bannoura, M. D.; Johanson, I. B. Prenatal cocaine on maternal behavior in the rat. Physiol. Behav. 52:379-384; 1992.
83. 83. Zimmerberg, B.; Gray, M. S. The effects of cocaine on maternal behavior in the rat. Physiol. Behav. 52:379-384; 1992.
84. 84. Zmitrovich, A. C.; Hutchings, D. E.; Dow-Edwards, D. L.; Malowany, D.; Church S. Effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine on the rest-activity cycle of the preweanling rat. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 43:1059-1064; 1992.