Skin changes in chronic lymphatic filariasis

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 90, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 671-674

  Burri, Haran ^a   Loutan, Louis ^a   Kumaraswami, V ^b   Vijayasekaran, V ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN TUBERCULOSIS   (India)

^c MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE   (India)

Author keywords

Filariasis; Skin changes; Wuchereria bancrofti

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; ELEPHANTIASIS; FEMALE; FILARIASIS; HUMAN; HYPERKERATOSIS; HYPERTRICHOSIS; HYPOTRICHOSIS; INDIA; INTERTRIGO; LEG; LYMPHATIC SYSTEM DISEASE; LYMPHEDEMA; MALE; PACHYDERMA; SKIN DISEASE; SKIN PIGMENTATION; SKIN ULCER; SKINFOLD; SUBCUTANEOUS NODULE; SUPERINFECTION; WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI;

EID: 0030474368     PISSN: 00359203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0035-9203(96)90428-9     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Beaver, P. C., Jury, R. C. & Cupp, E. W. (1984). Clinical Parasitology, 9th edition. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, pp. 680-695.
2. Case, T. (1991). Vascular abnormalities in experimental and human filariasis. Lymphology, 24, 174-183.
3. Casley-Smith, J. R. (1985). Tissue changes in high protein oedemas. In: Lymphatic Pathology and Immunopathology in Filariasis. Report of the Twelfth Meeting of the WHO Scientific Working Group on Filariasis. Geneva: World Health Organization, pp. 23-24.
4. Casley-Smith, J. R. (1993). Treatment of filarial lymphoedema and elephantiasis with 5,6-benzo-alpha-pyrone (coumarin). British Medical Journal, 307, 1037-1041.
5. Champion, R. H. (1979). Disorders of lymphatic vessels. In: Textbook of Dermatology, Rook, A., Wilkinson, D. S. & Ebling, F. (editors). London: Blackwell, pp. 1103-1105.
6. Edwards, E. A. (1979). Cutaneous changes in peripheral vascular disease. In: Dermatology in General Medicine, Fitzpatrick, T. B. (editor). New York: McGraw Hill, pp. 1376-1379.
7. Kar, S. (1990). Tissue tonometry: a useful tool for assessing filarial lymphoedema. Lymphology, 25, 55-61.
8. McGregor, A. (1994). Washing off elephantiasis. Lancet, 344, 121.
9. Mortimer, P. (1990). Lymphatics. In: Recent Advances in Dermatology, Champion, R. H. & Pye, R. J. (editors). Edinburgh: Churchill Livinsgtone, pp. 175-192.
10. Murdoch, M. E., Hay, R. J., Mackenzie, C. D., Williams, J. F., Ghalib, H. W., Cousens, S., Abiose, A. & Jones, B. R. (1993). A clinical classification and grading system of the cutaneous changes in onchocerciasis. British Journal of Dermatology, 129, 260-269.
11. Olsewski, W. L. (1991). Clinical picture of lymphoedema. In: Lymph Stasis - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment, Olsewski, W. L. (editor). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.
12. Olsewski, W. L., Jamal, S., Manokaran, G., Lukomska, U. & Kubicka, U. (1993). Skin changes in filarial and non-filarial lymphoedema of the lower extremities. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 44, 40-44.
13. Ottesen, E. A. (1985). Efficacy of diethylcarbamazine in eradicating infection with lymphatic-dwelling filariae in humans. Review of Infectious Diseases, 7, 341-355.
14. Ottesen, E. A. (1992). Infection and disease in lymphatic filariasis: an immunological perspective. Parasitology, 104, S71-S79.
15. Partono, F. (1987). The spectrum of disease in lymphatic filariasis. In: Filariasis, Ciba Foundation Symposium no. 127, pp. 15-31.
16. Piessens, W., Wadee, A. & Kurniawan, L. (1987). Regulation of immune responses. In: Filariasis, Ciba Foundation Symposium no. 127, pp. 164-173.
17. Pillar, N. (1990). Macrophage and tissue changes in the developmental phases of secondary lymphoedema and during conservative therapy with benzopyrone. Archives of Histology and Cytology, 538, 209-218.
18. Richards, R. (1981). Verrucous and elephantoid lymphoedema: morphologic spectrum and terminology. International Journal of Dermatology, 20, 177-187.
19. Ryan, T., Mortimer, P. S. & Jones, R. L. (1986). Lymphatics of the skin, neglected but important. International Journal of Dermatology, 25, 411-419.
20. Sengupta, G., Mohangupta, T. & Sen, P. (1986). Immunodiagnosis of filariasis. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 89, 313-317.
21. WHO (1992). Lymphatic filariasis: the disease and its control. Fifth report of the WHO Expert Committee on Filariasis. Geneva: World Health Organization, Technical Report Series, no. 821.
22. WHO (1993). Lymphatic filariasis: diagnosis and pathogenesis. Update. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 71, 135-141.