Dietary linoleic acid increases and palmitic acid decreases hepatic LDL receptor protein and mRNA abundance in young pigs

Journal of Lipid Research

Volumn 37, Issue 11, 1996, Pages 2310-2323

  Mustad, Vikkie A ^a,e   Ellsworth, Jeff L ^b   Cooper, Allen D ^c,d   Kris Etherton, Penny M ^a   Etherton, Terry D ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CV THERAPEUTICS INC   (United States)

^c STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d PALO ALTO MEDICAL FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e ABBOTT LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

LDL receptor; linoleic acid; mRNA levels; palmitic acid; pigs

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; FAT; FATTY ACID; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LINOLEIC ACID; LIPOPROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; MESSENGER RNA; PALM OIL; PALMITIC ACID; SUNFLOWER OIL; VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

AGAR GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORN; DIET; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; LIVER; NONHUMAN; NORTHERN BLOTTING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOYBEAN; SWINE; ULTRACENTRIFUGATION;

AGING; ANIMALS; BLOTTING, NORTHERN; CHOLESTEROL; DIETARY FATS; LINOLEIC ACID; LINOLEIC ACIDS; LIVER; PALMITIC ACID; RECEPTORS, LDL; RNA, MESSENGER; SWINE;

EID: 0030468839     PISSN: 00222275     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Grundy, S. M., and M. A. Denke. 1990. Dietary influences on serum lipids and lipoproteins. J. Lipid Res. 31: 1149-1172.
2. Shepherd, J., C. J. Packard, S. M. Grundy, D. Yeshurun, A. M. Gotto, and O. D. Taunton. 1980. Effects of low density lipoproteins in man. J. Lipid Res. 21: 91-99.
3. Spady, D. K., and J. M. Dietschy. 1985. Dietary saturated triacylglycerols suppress hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor activity in the hamster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 82: 4526-4530.
4. Spady, D. K., and J. M. Dietschy. 1988. Interaction of dietary cholesterol and triacylglycerols in the regulation of hepatic low density lipoprotein transport in the hamster. J. Clin. Invest. 81: 300-309.
5. Fernandez, M. L., and D. J. McNamara. 1989. Dietary fat-mediated changes in hepatic apoprotein B/E receptor in the guinea pig: effect of polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and saturated fat. Metabolism. 38: 1094-1102.
6. Fernandez. M. L., and D. J. McNamara. 1991. Regulation of cholesterol metabolism in guinea pigs mediated by dietary fat quality and quantity. J. Nutr. 121: 934-943.
7. Fernandez, M. L., E. C. K. Lin, and D. J. McNamara. 1992. Regulation of guinea pig plasma low density lipoprotein kinetics by dietary fat saturation. J. Lipid Res. 33: 97-109.
8. Fernandez. M. L., E. C. K. Lin, and D. J. McNamara. 1992. Differential effects of saturated fatty acids on low density lipoprotein. J. Lipid Res. 33: 1833-1842.
9. Nicolosi, R. J., A. F. Stucchi, M. C. Kowala, L. K. Hennessy, D. M. Hegsted, and E. J. Schaefer. 1990. Effect of dietary fat saturation and cholesterol on LDL composition and metabolism. In vivo studies of receptor and nonreceptor-mediated catabolism of LDL in Cebus monkeys. Arterioscler. Thromb. 10: 119-128.
10. Woollett, L. A., D. K. Spady, and J. M. Dietschy. 1989. Mechanisms by which saturated triacylglycerols elevate the plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration in hamsters. Differential effects of fatty acid chain length. J Clin. Invest. 84: 119-128.
11. Woollett, L. A., D. K. Spady, and J. M. Dietschy. 1992. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids independently regulate low density lipoprotein receptor activity and production rate. J. Lipid Res. 33: 77-88.
12. Woollett, L. A., D. K. Spady, and J. M. Dietschy. 1992. Regulatory effects of the saturated fatty acids 6:0 through 18:0 on hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor activity in the hamster. J. Clin. Invest. 89: 1133-1141.
13. Woollett, L. A., C. M. Daumerie, and J. M. Dietschy. 1994. Trans-9-octadecanoic acid is biologically neutral and does not regulate the low density lipoprotein receptor as the ris isomer does in the hamster. J. Lipid Res. 35: 1661-1673.
14. Hunt, C. E., G. M. Funk, and T. J. Vidmar. 1992. Dietary polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio alters hepatic LDL transport in cynomolgus macaques fed low cholesterol diets. J. Nutr. 122: 1960-1970.
15. Brousseau, M. E., A. F. Stucchi, D. B. Vespa, E. J. Schaeffer, and R. J. Nicolosi. 1993. Diet enriched in monounsaturated fat decreases low density lipoprotein concentration in cynomolgus monkeys by a different mechanism than does a diet enriched in polyunsaturated fats. J. Nutr. 123: 2049-2058.
16. Stucchi, A. F., A. H. M. Terpstra, and R. J. Nicolosi. 1995. LDL receptor activity is down-regulated similarly by a cholesterol-containing diet high in palmitic acid or high in lauric and myristic acids in cynomolgus monkeys. J. Nutr. 125: 2055-2063.
17. Loscalzo, J., J. Fredman, and R. M. Rudd. 1987. Unsaturated fatty acids enhance LDL uptake and degradation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Arteriosclerosis. 7: 450-455.
18. Kuo, P., M. Weinfeld, and J. Loscalzo. 1990. Effect of membrane fatty acid composition on LDL metabolism in HepG2 hepatocytes. Biochemistry. 29: 6626-6632.
19. Tripodi, A., P. Loria, M. A. Dilengete, and N. Carulli. 1991. Effect of fish oil and coconut oil diet on the LDL receptor activity of rat liver plasma membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1083: 298-304.
20. Hannah, J. S., K. Yamane, E. Berlin, and B. V. Howard. 1995. In vitro regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor interaction by fatty acids. Metabolism. 44: 1428-1434.
21. Fox, J. C., H. C. McGill, Jr., K. D. Carey, and G. S. Getz. 1987. In vivo regulation of hepatic LDL receptor mRNA in the baboon. Differential effects of saturated and unsaturated fat. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 7014-7020.
22. Sorci-Thomas, M., M. D. Wilson, F. L. Johnson, D. L. Williams, and L. L. Rudel. 1989. Studies on the expression of genes encoding apolipoproteins B-100 and B-48 and the low density lipoprotein receptor in nonhuman primates. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 9039-9045.
23. Lindsey, S., J. Benattar, A. Pronczuk, and K. C. Hayes. 1990. Dietary palmitic acid (16:0) enhances high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA abundance in hamsters. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 195: 261-269.
24. Kushwaha, R. S., C. A. McMahan, G. E. Mott, K. D. Carey, C. A. Reardon, G. S. Gerz, and H. C. McGill, Jr. 1991. Influence of dietary lipids on hepatic mRNA levels of proteins regulating plasma lipoproteins in baboons with high and low levels of large high density lipoproteins. J. Lipid Res. 32: 1929-1940.
25. Hennessy, L. K., J. Osada, J. M. Ordovas, R. J. Nicolosi, A. F. Stucchi, M. E. Broussea, and E. J. Schaefer. 1992. Effects of dietary fats and cholesterol on liver lipid content and hepatic apolipoprotein A-I, B and E and LDL receptor mRNA levels in cebus monkeys. J. Lipid Res. 33: 351-360.
26. Horton, J. D., J. A. Cuthbert, and D. K. Spady. 1993. Dietary fatty acids regulate hepatic low density lipoprotein (LDL) transport by altering LDL receptor protein and mRNA levels. J. Clin. Invest. 92: 743-749.
27. Osada, J., A. Fernandez-Sanchez, J. L. Dias-Morillo, M. J. Miri-Obradors, J. A. Cebrian, C. Carrizosa, and J. M. Ordovas. 1994. Differential effect of dietary fat saturation and cholesterol on hepatic apolipoprotein gene expression in rats. Atherosclerosis. 195: 261-269.
28. Bennett, A. J., M. A. Billett, A. M. Salter, E. H. Mangiapane, J. S. Bruce, K. L. Anderson, C. B. Marenah, N. Lawson, and D. A. White. 1995. Modulation of hepatic apolipoprotein B, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA and plasma lipoprotein concentrations by defined dietary fats. Comparison of trimyristin, tripalmitin, tristearin and triolein. Biochem. J. 311: 167-173.
29. Srivastava, R. A. K., H. Ito, M. Hess, N. Srivastava, and G. Schonfeld. 1995. Regulation of low density lipoprotein receptor gene expression in HepG2 and Caco2 cells by palmitate, oleate, and 25-hydroxycholesterol. J. Lipid Res. 36: 1434-1446.
30. Stanton, H. C., and H. J. Mersmann. 1986. Swine in Cardiovascular Research. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
31. Chomczynski, P., and N. Sacchi. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium-thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162: 157-159.
32. National Research Council. 1988. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
33. Reihner, E., I. Björkhem, B. Angelin, S. Ewerth, and K. Einarsson. 1989. Bile acid synthesis in humans: regulation of hepatic microsomal cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity. Gastroenterology. 97: 1498-1505.
34. Etherton, T. D., and P. M. Kris-Etherton. 1980. Characterization of plasma lipoproteins in swine with different propensities for obesity. Lipids. 15: 823-829.
35. Kovanen, P. T., M. S. Brown, and J. Goldstein. 1979. Increased binding of LDL to liver membranes from rats treated with 17 α-ethinyl estradiol. J. Biol. Chem. 254: 11367-11373.
36. May, K., F. B. Kraemer, K. Chen, and A. D. Cooper. 1990. ELISA measurement of LDL receptors. J. Lipid Res. 31: 1683-1691.
37. Folch, J. M., M. Lees, and G. Sloane Stanley. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226: 497-503.
38. Sale, F. O., S. Marchesini, P. H. Fishman, and B. Berra. 1984. A sensitive enzymatic assay for determination of cholesterol in lipid extracts. Anal. Biochem. 142: 347-350.
39. Kraemer, F. B., S. A. Sather, B. Park, C. Sztalryd, V. Natu, K. May, H. Nishimura, I. Simpson, A. D. Cooper, and S. W. Cushman. 1994. Low density lipoprotein receptors in rat adipose cells: subcellular localization and regulation by insulin. J. Lipid Res. 35: 1760-1772.
40. Sambrook, J., E. R. Fritsch, and E. M. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual. C. Nolan, N. Ford, N. Irwin, and M. Ferguson, editors. Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Springs Harbor, NY.
41. Cater, N. B., H. J. Heller, and M. A. Denke. 1995. Effects of medium chain triglycerides on lipids and lipoproteins. Circulation. 92:I-351 (Abstract #1676).
42. Keys, A., J. T. Anderson, and F. Grande. 1965. Serum cholesterol response to changes in the diet. IV. Particular saturated fatty acids in the diet. Metabolism. 14: 776-787.
43. Hegsted, D. M., R. B. McGandy, M. L. Myers, and F. J. Stare. 1965. Quantitative effects of dietary fat on serum cholesterol in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 17: 281-295.
44. Lin, E. C. K., M. L. Fernandez, M. A. Tosca, and D. J. McNamara. 1994. Regulation of hepatic LDL metabolism in the guinea pig by dietary fat and cholesterol. J. Lipid Res. 35: 446-457.43.
45. Mahley, R. W., K. H. Weisgraber, T. Innerarity, H. B. Brewer, and G. Assmann. 1975. Swine lipoproteins and atherosclerosis: changes in the plasma lipoproteins and apoproteins induced by cholesterol feeding. Biochemistry. 14: 2817-2823.
46. Forsythe, W. A., E. R. Miller, G. M. Hill, D. R. Romsos, and R. C. Simpson. 1980. Effects of dietary protein and fat sources on plasma cholesterol parameters, LCAT activity and amino acid levels and on tissue lipid content of growing pigs. J. Nutr. 110: 2467-2479.
47. Johnson, J. A., D. C. Beitz, and N. L. Jacobson. 1989. Effects of dietary beef and soy protein on tissue composition and low density lipoprotein uptake in young pigs. J. Nutr. 119: 696-705.
48. Faidley, T. D., C. M. Luhman, S. T. Galloway, M. K. Foley, and D. C. Beitz. 1990. Effect of dietary fat source on lipoprotein composition and plasma lipid concentrations in pigs. J. Nutr. 120: 1126-1133.
49. Diersen-Schade, D. A., M. J. Richard, D. C. Beitz, and N. L. Jacobson. 1986. Plasma, tissue and fecal cholesterol of young pigs fed restricted or liberal amounts of beef, soy or conventional diets. J. Nutr. 116: 2086-2095.
50. Kummerrow, F. A., T. L. Smith, and M. M. Mahfouz. 1991. Dietary fat and plasma lipid physical properties in swine. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 10: 346-354.
51. McNamara, D. J., R. Kolb, T. S. Parker, H. Batwin, P. Samuel, C. D. Brown, and E. H. Ahrens. 1987. Heterogeneity of cholesterol homeostasis in man: responses to changes in dietary fat quality and cholesterol quantity. J. Clin. Invest. 79: 1729-1739.
52. Beynen, A. C., M. B. Katan, and L. F. M. van Zutphen. 1987. Hypo- and hyperresponders: individual differences in the response of serum cholesterol concentration to changes in diet. Adv. Lipid Res. 22: 115-171.
53. Overturf, M. L., R. A. Buck, and D. S. Loose-Mitchell. 1994. Resistance to dietary induced hypercholesterolemia exhibited by a unique strain of New Zealand white rabbits. Tex. Heart Inst. J. 21: 56-61.
54. Kirk, E. A., G. L. Moe, M. T. Caldwell, J. A. Lernmark, D. L. Wilson, and R. C. LeBoeuf. 1995. Hyper- and hyporesponsiveness to dietary fat and cholesterol among inbred mice: searching for level and variability genes. J. Lipid Res. 36: 1522-1532.
55. Rapacz, J., J. Hasler-Rapacz, K. M. Taylor, W.J. Checovich, and A. D. Attie. 1986. Lipoprotein mutations in pigs are associated with elevated plasma cholesterol and atherosclerosis. Science. 234: 1573-1576.
56. Spady, D. K., L. A. Woollen, and J. M. Dietschy. 1993. Regulation of plasma LDL-cholesterol levels by dietary cholesterol and fatty acids. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 13: 355-381.
57. Mustad, V. A., A. D. Cooper, A. Mastro, T. A. Pearson, T. D. Etherton, and P. M. Kris-Etherton. 1995. Increasing dietary saturated fat is associated with a reduction in LDL receptors on mononuclear cells in healthy men and women. Circulation. 92:I-157 (Abstract #0746).
58. Grundy, S. M., and G. L. Vega. 1988. Plasma cholesterol responsiveness to saturated fatty acids. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 47: 822-824.
59. Clifton, P. M., M. Kestin, M. Abbey, M. Drysdale, and P. J. Nestel. 1990. Relationship between sensitivity to dietary fat and dietary cholesterol. Arteriosclerosis. 10: 394-401.
60. Brown, M. S., and J. L. Goldstein. 1986. A receptor-mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis. Science. 232: 34-47.
61. Daumerie, C. M., L. A. Woollett, and J. M. Dietschy. 1992. Fatty acids regulate hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor activity through redistribution of intracellular cholesterol pools. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89: 10797-10801.
62. Rumsey, S. C., N. F. Galeono, B. Lipschitz, and R.J. Deckelbaum. 1995. Oleate and other long chain fatty acids stimulate low density lipoprotein receptor activity by enhancing acyl coenzyme A:cholesteryl acyltransferase activity and altering intracellular regulatory cholesterol pools in cultured cells. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 10008-10016.
63. Briggs, M. R., C. Yokoyama, X. Wang, M. S. Brown, and J. L. Goldstein. 1993. Nuclear protein that binds sterol regulatory element of low density lipoprotein receptor promoter. I. Identification of the protein and delineation of its target nucleotide sequence. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 14490-14496.
64. Wang, X., M. R. Briggs, X. Hua, C. Yokoyama, J. L. Goldstein, and M. S. Brown. 1993. Nuclear protein that binds sterol regulatory elements of low density lipoprotein receptor promoter. II. Purification and characterization. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 14497-14504.
65. Wang, X., R. Sato, M. S. Brown, X. Hua, and J. L. Goldstein. 1994. SREBP-1, a membrane-bound transcription factor released by sterol-regulated proteolysis. Cell. 77: 53-62.
66. Distel, R. J., G. S. Robinson, and B. M. Spiegelman. 1992. Fatty acid regulation of gene expression. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 5937-5941.
67. 14 gene transcription by dietary polyunsaturated fat. J. Nutr. 120: 1727-1729.
68. Landschulz, K. T., D. B. Jump, O. A. MacDougald, and M. D. Lane. 1994. Transcriptional control of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 gene by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 200: 763-768.
69. Wicker, C., and A. Puigserver. 1990. Expression of rat pancreatic lipase gene is modulated by a lipid-rich diet at a transcriptional level. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 166: 358-361.
70. Liimatta, M., H. C. Towle, S. Clarke, and D. B. Jump. 1994. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids interfere with the insulin/glucose activation of L-type pyruvate kinase gene transcription. Mol. Endocrinol. 8: 1147-1153.
71. Grimaldi, P. A., S. M. Knobel, R. R. Whitesell, and N. A. Abumrad. 1992. Induction of AP-2 gene expression by nonmetabolized long-chain fatty acids, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89: 10930-10934.
72. Clarke, S. D., and D. B. Jump. 1993. Regulation of hepatic gene expression by dietary fats: a unique role for polyunsaturated fatty acids. In Nutrition and Gene Expression. C. D. Berdanier and J. L. Hargrove, editors. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 227-250.
73. Casey, P. J. 1995. Protein lipidation in cell signaling. Science. 268: 221-225.
74. Dreyer, C., H. Keller, A. Mahfoudi, V. Landet, G. Krey, and W. Wahli. 1993. Positive regulation of the peroxisomal B-oxidation pathway by fatty acids through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR). Biol Cell. 77: 67-76.
75. Gottlicher, M., E. Widmark, Q. Li, and J-A. Gustafsson. 1992. Fatty acids activate a chimera of the clofibric acid-activated receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89: 4653-4657.
76. Keller, H., C. Dreyer, J. Medlin, A. Mahfoudi, K. Ozato, and W. Wahli. 1993. Fatty acids and retinoids control lipid metabolism through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90: 2160-2164.