Immigrant small business and international economic linkage: A case of the Korean wig business in Los Angeles, 1968-1977

International Migration Review

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 485-510

  Chin, Ku Sup ^a   Yoon, In Jin ^b   Smith, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Korea University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASIAN IMMIGRANTS; ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION; IMMIGRANT PEOPLE; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE; WIG BUSINESS;

KOREA(SOUTH); USA;

EID: 0030467862     PISSN: 01979183     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2547391     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Aldrich, H. and A.J. Reiss, Jr. 1970 "The Effects of Civil Disorders on Small Business in the Inner City," Journal of Social Issues, 26:187-206.
2. Aldrich, H., J. Cater, T. Jones and D. McEvoy 1983 "From Periphery to Peripheral: The South Asian Petite Bourgeoisie in England." In Research in the Sociology of Work, Vol.2. Ed. I. H. Simpson and R. Simpson. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
3. Becker, H. 1956 Men in Reciprocity: Introductory Lectures on Culture, Society and Personality.New York: Praeger.
4. Blalock, H. 1967 Toward a Theory of Minority-Group Relations. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
5. Bonacich, E. 1973 "A Theory of Middleman Minorities," American Sociological Review, 38:583-594.
6. Bonacich, E. and T. H. Jung 1982 "A Portrait of Korean Small Business in Los Angeles: 1977." In Koreans in Los Angeles. Ed. Eui-Young Yu, E. H. Phillips and E. Sik Yang. Los Angeles: Koryo Research Institute and Center for Korean-American and Korean Studies, California State University, Los Angeles. Pp. 75-98.
7. Bonacich, E., I. Light and C. Wong 1976 "Korean Immigrants: Small Business in Los Angeles." In Counterpoint: Perspectives on Asian Americans. Ed. E. Gee. Los Angeles: Asian American Studies Center, UCLA. Pp. 437-449.
8. Chan, S. 1991 Asian Americans: An Interpretive History. Boston, MA: Twayne Publishers.
9. _ 1986 This Bittersweet Soil: The Chinese in California Agriculture, 1860-1910. Berkeley: University of California Press.
10. Chang, E. T. 1990 "New Urban Crisis: Korean-Black Conflict in Los Angeles." Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
11. Chase-Dunn, C. 1990 Global Formation: Structures of the World-Economy. Basil Blackwell Inc.
12. Cheng, L. and Y. Espiritu 1989 "Korean Businesses in Black and Hispanic Neighborhoods: A Study of Intergroup Relations," Sociological Perspectives, 32(4):521-534.
13. Cobas, J. 1987 "Ethnic Enclaves and Middleman Minorities: Alternative Strategies of Immigrant Adaptation?" Sociological Perspectives, 30(2): 143-161.
14. Dougherty, P.H. 1971 "Advertising: F.T.C. Aide on Trends in TV," The New York Times, July 8.
15. Fain, S. 1980 "Self-Employed Americans: Their Number Has Increased," Monthly Labor Review, 103(12):3-8.
16. Fröbel, E, J. Heinrichs and O. Kreye 1980 The New International Division of Labor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
17. Glazer, N. and D. Moynihan 1963 Beyond the Melting Pot. Cambridge, MA.: MIT Press.
18. Gereffi, G. and M. Korzeniewicz 1990 "Commodity Chains and Footwear Exports in the Semiperiphery." In Semiperipheral States in the World-Economy. Ed. W Martin. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Pp. 45-68
19. Gourse, L. 1969 "What a Change of Hair Can Do," The New York Times, November 16.
20. Hopkins, T. and I. Wallerstein 1986 "ommunity Chains in the World-Economy Prior to 1800,"Review, 10(1):157-170.
21. Howard, R. 1990 "Can Small Business Help Countries Compete?" Harvard Business Review, November/December: 88-103.
22. Keys Printing Co. 1972 Korean Directory of Southern California. Los Angeles: Keys Printing Co.
23. Kim, I. 1988 "A New Theoretical Perspective on Asian Enterprises," Amerasia Journal, 14:xi-xiv.
24. _ 1981 New Urban Immigrants: The Korean Community in New York. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
25. Kim, K. C. and W M. Hurh 1985 "Ethnic Resources Utilization of Korean Immigrant Entrepreneurs in the Chicago Minority Area," International Migration Review, 19:82-111.
26. Koos, D. 1982 "South Asians in the Garment Industry: A Preliminary Study," South Asia Bulletin, 2:59-67.
27. Korea Exchange Bank 1970, Gabal ui SooChul Junmang (Prospects for Wig Export). Seoul. 1971
28. Korea Trade Promotion Corporation 1975 Miguk ui Gabal Sijang (United States Wig Market). Seoul.
29. _ 1968- SooChul SiJang (Export Market). Seoul. 1975
30. Korean Economic Planning Board 1966- Report on Mining and Manufacturing Survey. Seoul. 1975
31. Levy, B. 1990 "Transactions Costs, the Size of Firms and Industrial Policy," Journal of Development Economics, 34:151-178.
32. Light, I. 1984 "Immigrant and Ethnic Enterprise in North America," Ethnic and Racial Studies, 7:195-216.
33. _ 1972 Ethnic Enterprises in America: Business and Welfare among Chinese, Japanese, and Blacks. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
34. Light, I. and E. Bonacich 1988 Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles 1965-1982. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
35. _ 1980 "Immigration Theory: A Review of Thematic Strategies." In Sourcebook on the New Immigration. Ed. R. S. Bryce-Laporte. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
36. Light, I. and S. Karageorgis 1994 "The Ethnic Economy." In The Handbook of Economic Sociology. Ed. N. J. Smelser and R. Swedberg. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
37. Ma, E. A. 1984 "The Big-Business Ventures of Chinese in North America, 1850-1930." In The Chinese American Experience. Ed. G. Lim. San Francisco, CA: Chinese Historical Society of America and Chinese Culture Foundation of San Francisco. Pp. 101-112.
38. McEvoy, A. F. 1977 "In Places Men Reject: Chinese Fishermen at San Diego, 1870-1893," Journal of San Diego History, 23(4): 12-24.
39. Min, P.G. 1993 "Korean Immigrants in Los Angeles." In Immigration and Entrepreneurship. Ed. I. Light and P. Bhachu. New York: Transaction.
40. _ 1990 "Problems of Korean Immigrant Entrepreneurs," International Migration Review, 24:436-455.
41. _ 1988 "Korean Immigrant Entrepreneurship: A Multivariate Analysis," Journal of Urban Affairs, 10(2):197-212.
42. Min, P.G. and C. Jaret 1985 "Ethnic Business Success: The Case of Korean Small Business in Atlanta," Sociology and Social Research, 69:412-435.
43. Mok,V. 1979 "Trade Barriers and Export Promotion: The Hong Kong Example." In Hong Kong: Economic, Social and Political Studies in Development. Ed. Thong-Biau Lin, R. P.L. Lee, and U.-E. Simonis. White Plains, NY: M. E.Sharpe, Inc.
44. Moon, WS. 1973 "Gabal SooChul JengDae rid wihan Marketing Hwaldong ui Gaesun" (A Study of the Improvement of Marketing Activities for the Promotion of Korean Wig Exports). Master's thesis, Sungyunkwan University.
45. National Hairdresser and Cosmetologist Association (NHCA) 1973 "The Wig Market Today," American HairdresserlSalon Owner, November:78.
46. Nowikowski, S. 1984 "Snakes and Ladders: Asian Business in Britain." In Ethnic Communities in Business. Ed. R. Ward and R. Jenkins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
47. Portes, A. 1987 "The Social Origins of the Cuban Enclave Economy of Miami," Sociological Perspectives, 30(4):340-372.
48. Portes, A. and R. Manning 1986 "The Immigrant Enclave: Theory and Empirical Examples." In Competitive Ethnic Relations. Ed. S. Olzak and J. Nagel. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, Inc.
49. Reckert, C. 1967 "Wigs Shed New Profit," The New York Times, December 21.
50. Ross, R. and K. Trachte 1990 Global Capitalism: The New Leviathan. Albany: State University of New York Press.
51. Schoenberger, K. 1993 "Breathing Life into South Land," Los Angeles Times, October 4. P. A1.
52. Sung, B. L. 1976 A Survey of Chinese-American Manpower and Employment. New York, Praeger Publishers.
53. Sway, M. 1980 "Simmel's Concept of the Stranger and the Gypsies," Social Science Journal, 18:41-50.
54. United Nations 1972, 1975 Yearbook of International Trade Statistics, 2 vols. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
55. U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce 1993 1990 Census of Population, Social and Economic Characteristics, United States. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
56. _ 1993 U.S. Imports for Consumption and General Imports. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
57. _ 1991 U.S. Imports for Consumption and General Imports. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
58. _1983 1980 Census of Population, Vol. 1: Characteristics of the Population, Chapter C: General Social and Economic Characteristics, Part 1: United States Summary. Washington, DC.: Government Printing Office.
59. _ 1973 1970 Census of Population, Vol. 1: Characteristics of the Population, Part 1: United States Summary. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
60. Waldinger, R. 1989 "Structural Opportunity or Ethnic Advantage? Immigrant Business Development in New York," International Migration Review, 23(1):48-72.
61. Waldinger, R., H. Aldrich, and R. Ward 1990 Ethnic Entrepreneurs: Immigrant Business in Industrial Societies. Newbury Park, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications.
62. Walton, J. 1985 Capital and Labor in the Urbanized World. Beverley Hills, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications.
63. Wilson, K. and A. Portes 1980 "Immigrant Enclaves: An Analysis of the Labor Market Experiences of Cubans in Miami," American Journal of Sociology 88:295-319.
64. Wind, Y. 1978 "Issues and Advances in Segmentation Research," Journal of Marketing Research, 15:317-337.
65. Wong, B. 1987 "The Chinese: New Immigrants in New York's Chinatown." In New Immigrants in New York Ed. Nancy Foner. New York: Columbia University Press.
66. Yamato, A. 1986 "Socioeconomic Change among Japanese Americans in the San Francisco Bay Area." Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
67. Yoon, I.-J. 1991 "The Changing Significance of Ethnic and Class Resources in Immigrant Business: The Case of Korean Immigrant Businesses in Chicago," International Migration Review, 25(2):303-334.