Geochemical evolution of the epidote zone, fraser mine, Sudbury, Ontario: Ni-Cu-PGE remobilization by saline fluids

Exploration and Mining Geology

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 17-31

  Farrow, Catharine E G ^a   Watkinson, David H ^b  

^a GOVERNMENT OF ONTARIO   (Canada)

^b CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COPPER; GEOCHEMISTRY; HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; MINERALIZATION; NICKEL; PGE; REMOBILIZATION; SALINE FLUID;

CANADA, ONTARIO, SUDBURY, FRASER MINE;

EID: 0030467819     PISSN: 09641823     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. ABEL, M.K., 1981. The structure of the Strathcona Mine copper zone. The Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Bulletin, 74, p.89-97.
2. ABEL, M.K., BUCHAN, R., COATS, C.J.A. and PENSTONE, M.E., 1979. Copper mineralization in the footwall complex, Strathcona mine, Sudbury, Ontario. Canadian Mineralogist, 17, p. 275-286.
3. BARNES, S.-J., BOYD, R., KORNELIUSSEN, A., NILSSON, L.-P., OFTEN, M., PEDERSEN, R.B. and ROBINS, B., 1988. The use of mantle normalization and metal ratios in discriminating between the effects of partial melting, crystal fractionation and sulfide segregation on platinum-group elements, gold, nickel and copper: Examples from Norway. In Geo-Platinum '87. Edited by H.M. Prichard, P.J. Potts, J.F.W. Bowles and S.J. Cribb. Elsevier Applied Science, p. 113-143.
4. BARNES, S.-J., COUTURE, J.-F., SAWYER, E.W. and BOUCHAIB, C., 1993. Nickel-copper, occurrences in the Belleterre-Angliers belt of the Pontiac Subprovince and the use of Cu-Pd ratios in interpreting platinum-group element distributions. Economic Geology, 88, p. 1402-1418.
5. CHAI, G. and ECKSTRAND, O.R., 1995. McCreedy-Fraser deposit - A type example illustrating Sudbury North Range Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization processes. In Minerals Summary Report 1994-1995. Edited by L. Owsiacki, M. Walters, H. Brown and R. Shannon. Canada-Ontario Northern Development Agreement, p. 82-87.
6. COATS, C.J.A. and SNAJDR, P., 1984. Ore deposits of the North Range, Onaping-Levack area, Sudbury. In The Geology and Ore Deposits of the Sudbury Structure. Edited by E.G. Pye, A.J. Naldrett and P.E. Giblin. Ontario Geological Survey Special Volume 1, p. 327-346.
7. COWAN, J.C. 1968. Geology of the Strathcona ore deposit. The Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Bulletin, 61, p. 38-54.
8. FARROW, C.E.G., 1994. Geology, alteration, and the role of fluids in Cu-Ni-PGE mineralization of the footwall rocks to the Sudbury Igneous Complex, Levack and Morgan townships, Sudbury district, Ontario. Ph.D. thesis, Carleton University, Ottawa, 373 p.
9. FARROW, C.E.G. and WATKINSON, D.H., 1992. Alteration and the role of fluids in Ni, Cu and platinum-group element deposition, Sudbury Igneous Complex contact, Onaping-Levack area, Ontario. Mineralogy and Petrology, 46, p. 67-83.
10. FARROW, C.E.G., WATKINSON, D.H., HATTORI, K. and FOUILLAC, A.M., 1992a. Mineralogical and isotopic characteristics of alteration associated with Ni, Cu and PGE deposition in the North Range of the Sudbury Structure. Geological Association of Canada-Mineralogical Association of Canada Joint Annual Meeting, Program with Abstracts, 17, p. A32-A33.
11. FARROW, C.E.G., HATTORI, K., WATKINSON, D.H. and FOUILLAC, A.M., 1992b. Isotopic study of alteration minerals associated with Ni, Cu and PGE mineralization in the North Range of the Sudbury Intrusive Complex. American Geophysical Union-Canadian Geophysical Union-Mineralogical Society of America Spring Meeting, Abstracts, p. 345.
12. FARROW, C.E.G., WATKINSON, D.H. and JONES, P.C., 1994. Fluid inclusions in Sulfides from North and South range Cu-Ni-PGE deposits, Sudbury Structure, Ontario. Economic Geology, 89, p. 647-655.
13. FLEET, M.E., 1977. Origin of disseminated copper-nickel sulfide ore at Frood, Sudbury, Ontario. Economic Geology, 72, p. 1449-1456.
14. FLEET, M.E., CHRYSSOULIS, S.L., STONE, W.E. and WEISENER, C.G., 1993. Partitioning of platinum-group elements and Au in the Fe-Ni-Cu-S system: Experiments on the fractional crystallization of sulfide melt. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 115, p. 36-44.
15. FLEET, M.E. and PAN, Y., 1994. Fractional crystallization of anhydrous sulfide liquid in the system Fe-Ni-Cu-S, with application to magmatic sulfide deposits. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, p. 3369-3377.
16. FOUILLAC, A.M., WATKINSON, D.H., FARROW, C.E.G. and HATTORI, K., 1993. Stable isotope study of alteration associated with Ni, Cu and PGE deposition in the North Range of the Sudbury structure. Terra Abstracts, 5, p. 370.
17. FROST, B.R., 1985. On the stability of sulfides, oxides and native metals in serpentinite. Journal of Petrology, 26, p. 31-63.
18. 4 solutions at 300°C. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56, p. 3881-3894.
19. GAMMONS, C.H. and BLOOM, M.S., 1993. Experimental investigation of the hydrothermal geochemistry of Pt and Pd. 2. The solubility of PtS and PdS in aqueous sulfide solutions to 300°C. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, p. 2451-2467.
20. HAWLEY, J.E., 1962. The Sudbury ores: Their mineralogy and origin. Canadian Mineralogist, 7, 207 p.
21. HOFFMAN, E.L., NALDRETT, A.J., ALCOCK, R.A. and HANCOCK, R.G.V., 1979. The noble metal content of ore in the Levack West and Little Stobie mines, Ontario. Canadian Mineralogist, 17, p. 437-451.
22. JAGO, B.C., MORRISON, G.G. and LITTLE, T.L., 1994. Metal zonation patterns and microtextural and micromineralogical evidence for alkali- and halogen-rich fluids in the genesis of the Victor Deep and McCreedy East footwall copper orebodies, Sudbury Igneous Complex. In Proceedings of the Sudbury-Noril'sk Symposium. Edited by P.C. Lightfoot and A.J. Naldrett. Ontario Geological Survey Special Volume 5, p. 65-75.
23. KEAYS, R.R., ROSS, J.R. and WOOLRICH, P., 1981. Precious metals in volcanic peridotite-associated nickel sulfide deposits in Western Australia II: Distribution within the ores and host rocks at Kambalda. Economic Geology, 76, p. 1645-1674.
24. KEAYS, R.R., NICKEL, I.H., GROVES, D.I. and McGOLDRICK, P.J., 1982. Iridium and palladium as discriminants of volcanic-exhalative hydrothermal and magmatic nickel sulphide mineralization. Economic Geology, 77, p. 1535-1547.
25. LAUSEN, C., 1930. Graphic intergrowth of niccolite and chalcopyrite, Worthington Mine, Sudbury. Economic Geology, 25, p. 356-364.
26. LI, C. and NALDRETT, A.J., 1993a. Concentrations of platinum-group elements and gold in sulfides from the Strathcona deposit, Sudbury, Ontario. Canadian Mineralogist, 31, p. 523-532.
27. LI, C. and NALDRETT, A.J., 1993b. High chlorine alteration minerals and calcium-rich brines in fluid inclusions from the Strathcona Deep Copper Zone, Sudbury, Ontario. Economic Geology, 88, p. 1780-1796.
28. LOCHHEAD, D.R., 1955. The Falconbridge ore deposit. Economic Geology, 50, p. 42-50.
29. McCALLUM, M.E., LOUCKS, R.R., CARLSON, R.R., COOLEY, E.F. and DOERGE, T.A., 1976. Platinum metals associated with hydrothermal copper ores of the New Rambler Mine, Medicine Bow Mountains, Wyoming. Economic Geology, 71, p. 1429-1450.
30. MOORE, M., LIGHTFOOT, P.C. and KEAYS, R.R., 1994. Geology and geochemistry of footwall ultramafic rocks, Fraser Mine and Levack West Mine, Sudbury Igneous Complex, Sudbury, Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous Paper 163, p. 91-94.
31. MOUNTAIN, B.W. and WOOD, S.A., 1988a. Chemical controls on the solubility, transport, and deposition of platinum and palladium in hydrothermal solutions: A thermodynamic approach. Economic Geology, 83, p. 492-510.
32. MOUNTAIN, B.W. and WOOD, S.A., 1988b. Solubility and transport of platinum-group elements in hydrothermal solutions: Thermodynamic and physical chemical constraints. In Geo-Platinum '87. Edited by H.M. Pritchard, P.J. Potts, J.F.W. Bowles and S.J. Cribb. Elsevier Applied Science, p. 57-82.
33. NALDRETT, A.J., 1984. Mineralogy and composition of the Sudbury ores. In The Geology and Ore Deposits of the Sudbury Structure. Edited by E.G. Pye, A.J. Naldrett and P.E. Giblin. Ontario Geological Survey Special Volume 1, p. 309-326.
34. NALDRETT, A.J. and KULLERUD, G., 1967. A study of the Strathcona mine and its bearing on the origin of the nickel-copper ores of the Sudbury district, Ontario. Journal of Petrology, 8, p. 453-531.
35. NALDRETT, A.J. and DUKE, J.M., 1980. Platinum metals in magmatic sulfide ores. Science, 208, p. 1417-1424.
36. NALDRETT, A.J., INNES, D.G., SOWA, J. and GORTON, M.P., 1982. Compositional variations within and between five Sudbury ore deposits. Economic Geology, 77, p. 1519-1534.
37. NALDRETT, A.J., PESSARAN, R., ASIF, M. and LI, C., 1994. Compositional variation in the Sudbury ores and prediction of the proximity of footwall copper-PGE orebodies. In Proceedings of the Sudbury-Noril'sk Symposium. Edited by P.C. Lightfoot and A.J. Naldrett. Ontario Geological Survey Special Volume 5, p. 133-146.
38. PHILLIPS, G.N. and GROVES, D.I., 1983. The nature of Archean gold-bearing fluids as deduced from gold deposits of Western Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 30, p. 25-39.
39. SEWARD, T.M., 1973. Thiocomplexes of gold and the transport of gold in hydrothermal ore solutions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37, p. 379-399.
40. SOUCH, B.E., PODOLSKY, T. and GEOLOGICAL STAFF, 1969. The sulfide ores of Sudbury: Their particular relationship to a distinctive inclusion-bearing facies of the Nickel Irruptive. In Magmatic Ore Deposits. Edited by H.D.B. Wilson. Economic Geology Monograph, 4, p. 252-261.
41. SZUWALSKI, D.R., 1984. The petrology of the ultramafic rocks in the footwall Levack Complex, Fraser area, Sudbury, Canada. M.Sc. thesis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 116 p.
42. TWILLEY, F.T., 1993. Preliminary Report on Status of Epidote Zone Exploration. Falconbridge Limited Internal Report, 8 p.
43. WANDKE, A. and HOFFMAN, R., 1924. A study of Sudbury ore deposits. Economic Geology, 19, p. 169-204.
44. WATKINSON, D.H., 1994. Fluid-rock interaction at contact of Lindsley 4b Ni-Cu-PGE orebody and enclosing granitic rocks, Sudbury, Canada. Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 103, p. B121-128.
45. WATKINSON, D.H., FARROW, C.E.G. and JONES, P.C., 1993. Quantitative analysis of daughter minerals in fluid inclusions from sulfides; implications for PGE enrichment from saline fluids in some Ni-Cu sulfide deposits. Terra Abstracts, 5, p. 470.
46. WOOD, S.A., MOUNTAIN, B.W. and FENLON, B., 1989. Thermodynamic constraints on the solubility, transport and deposition of platinum and palladium in hydrothermal solutions: Reassessment of hydroxide, bisulfide and ammonia complexing. Economic Geology, 84, p. 2020-2028.
47. WOOD, S.A., PAN, P. and MUCCI, A., 1994. The solubility of Pt and Pd sulfides and Au in bisulfide solutions I. Results at 25°-90°C and 1 bar pressure. Mineralium Deposita, 29, p. 309-317.