Geochemistry and geochronology of the Mkhondo suite, Swaziland: Evidence for passive-margin deposition and granulite facies metamorphism in the Late Archean of Southern Africa

Journal of African Earth Sciences

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 483-506

  Condie, K C ^a   Kroner A ^b   Milisenda, C C ^c  

^a NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^c Ger Found for Gemstone Research   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHIBOLITE; ARCHAEAN; GEOCHEMISTRY; GRANULITE; METAMORPHISM; PASSIVE MARGIN; RADIOMETRIC DATING;

SWAZILAND;

EID: 0030465936     PISSN: 08995362     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0899-5362(96)00033-4     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Anderson, D. L., Zhang, Y. S. and Tanimoto, T. 1992. Plume heads, continental lithosphere, flood basalts and tomography. Geological Society London Special Publication 68, 99-124.
2. Arndt, N. T. and Christensen, U. 1992. The role of lithospheric mantle in continental flood volcanism: Thermal and geochemical constraints. Journal Geophysical Research 97, 10967-10981.
3. Arndt, N. T., Czamanske, G. K., Wooden, J. L. and Fedorenko, V. A. 1993. Mantle and crustal contributions to continental flood volcanism. Tectonophysics 223, 39-52.
4. Arora, M. and Naqvi, S. M. 1993. Geochemistry of Archean arenites formed by anoxic exogenic processes - an example from Bababudan Schist Belt, India. Journal Geological Society India 42, 247-268.
5. Bau, M. and Moller, P. 1993. REE systematics of the chemically precipitated component in Early Precambrian iron formations and the evolution of the terrestrial atmosphere-hydrosphere-lithosphere system. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 57, 2239-2249.
6. Bickle, M. J. 1986. Implications of melting for stabilization of the lithosphere and heat loss in the Archean. Earth Planetary Science Letters 80, 314-324.
7. Bohlen, S. R. 1987. Pressure-temperature-time paths and a tectonic model for the evolution of granulites. Journal Geology 95, 617-632.
8. Boryta, M. and Condie, K. C. 1990. Geochemistry and origin of the Archean Beit Bridge Complex, Limpopo belt, South Africa. Geological Society London Special Publication 147, 229-239.
9. Brewer, T. S., Hergt, J. M., Hawkesworth, C. J., Rex, D. and Storey, B. C. 1992. Coats Land dolerites and the generation of Antarctic continental flood basalts. Geological Society London Special Publication 68, 185-208.
10. Camire, G. E., Lafleche, M. R. and Ludden, J. N. 1993 Archean metasedimentary rocks from the NW Pontiac subprovince of the Canadian Shield: chemical characterization, weathering and modeling of the source areas. Precambrian Research 62, 285-305.
11. Carlson, R. W. 1991. Physical and chemical evidence on the cause and source characteristics of flood basalt volcanism. Australian Journal Earth Sciences 38, 525-544.
12. Chandler, F. W. 1988. Quartz arenites: review and interpretation. Sedimentary Geology 58, 105-126.
13. Compston, W. and Kröner, A. 1988. Multiple zircon growth within early Archean tonalitic gneiss from the Ancient Gneiss Complex, Swaziland. Earth Planetary Science Letters 87, 13-28.
14. Compston, W., Williams, I. S. and Meyer, C. 1984. U-Pb geochronology of zircons from Lunar breccia 73217 using a sensitive high mass-resolution ion microprobe. Journal Geophysical Research Supplement 89, B525-B534.
15. Condie, K. C. 1981. Archean Greenstone Belts. 434p. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
16. Condie, K. C. 1993. Chemical composition and evolution of the upper continental crust: contrasting results from surface samples and shales. Chemical Geology 104, 1-37.
17. Condie, K. C. and DeMalas, J. P. 1985. The Pinal Schist: an Early Proterozoic quartz wacke association in SE Arizona. Precambrian Research 27, 337-356.
18. Condie, K. C. and Hunter, D. R. 1976. Trace element geochemistry of Archean granitic rocks from the Barberton region, South Africa. Earth Planetary Science Letters 29, 389-400.
19. Copeland, P. and Condie, K. C. 1986. Geochemistry and tectonic setting of lower Proterozoic supracrustal rocks of the Pinal Schist, WE Arizona. Geological Society America Bulletin 97, 1512-1520.
20. Cox, K. G. 1980. A model for flood basalt volcanism. Journal Petrology 4, 629-650.
21. Crichton, J. G. and Condie, K. C. 1993. Trace elements as source indicators in cratonic sediments: a case study from the early Proterozoic Libby Creek Group, SE Wyoming. Journal Geology 101, 319-332.
22. Duncan, A. R. 1987. The Karoo igneous province - a problem area for inferring tectonic setting from basalt geochemistry. Journal Volcanology Geothermal Research 32, 13-34.
23. Dymek, R. F. and Klein, C. 1988. Chemistry, petrology and origin of banded iron formation lithologies from the 3800 Ma Isua supracrustal belt, West Greenland. Precambrian Research 39, 247-302.
24. Feng, R., Kerrich, R. and Maas, R. 1993. Geochemical, oxygen, and Nd isotope compositions of metasediments from the Abitibi greenstone belt and Pontiac subprovince, Canada: evidence for ancient crust and Archean terrane juxtaposition. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 5, 641-658.
25. Fryer, B. J. 1973. Rare earth evidence in iron formations for changing Precambrian oxidation states. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 41, 361-367.
26. Garrels, R. M. and MacKenzie, F. T. 1971. Evolution of Sedimentary Rocks. 397p. Norton, New York.
27. Gibbs, A. K., Montgomery, C. W., O'Day, P. A. and Erslev, E. A. 1986. The Archean-Proterozoic transition: evidence from the geochemistry of metasedimentary rocks of Guyana and Montana. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 50, 2135-2141.
28. Haskin, L. A., Haskin, M. A., Frey, F. A. and Wildeman, T. R. 1968. Relative and absolute terrestrial abundances of the REE. In: Origin and Distribution of the Elements (Edited by Ahrens, L. H.) pp889-912. Pergamon, New York.
29. Hawkesworth, C. J., Mantovani, M. and Peate, D. W. 1988. Lithosphere remobilization during Parana CFB magmatism. In: Oceanic and Continental Lithosphere: Similarities and Differences (Edited by Menzies, M. A. and Cox, K. G.) Journal Petrology Special Volume, pp205-223.
30. Hawkesworth, C. J., Gallagher, K., Kelley, S., Mantovani, M., Peate, D. W., Regelous, M. and Rogers, N. W. 1992. Parana magmatism and the opening of the South Atlantic. Geological Society London Special Publication 68, 221-240.
31. Hofmann, A. W. 1992. Chemical differentiation of the earth: the relationship between mantle, continental crust, and the oceanic crust. Earth Planetary Science Letters 79, 33-45.
32. Hunter, D. R. 1970. The Ancient Gneiss Complex in Swaziland. Transactions Geological Society South Africa 73, 107-150.
33. Hunter, D. R., Barker, F. and Millard, Jr, H. T. 1978. The geochemical nature of the Archean Ancient Gneiss Complex and granodiorite suite, Swaziland: a preliminary study. Precambrian Research 7, 105-127.
34. Hunter, D. R., Kröner, A. and Maphalala, R. 1993. Field excursion: the Ancient Gneiss Complex. In: The Ancient Gneiss Complex: Overview Papers and Guidebook for Excursion (Edited by Kröner, A.) Swaziland Geological Survey, Mines Department Bulletin 11, 41-62.
35. Isachsen, C. E. and Bowring, S. A. 1994. Evolution of the Slave craton. Geology 22, 917-920.
36. Jackson, M. P. A. 1984. Archean structural styles in the Ancient Gneiss Complex of Swaziland, southern Africa. In: Precambrian tectonics illustrated (Edited by Kröner, A. and Greiling, R.) pp1-18. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
37. Kasting, J. F. 1987. Theoretical constraints on oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the Precambrian atmosphere. Precambrian Research 34, 205-229.
38. Kinny, P. D., Williams, I. S., Froude, D. O., Ireland, T. R. and Compston, W. 1988. Early Archean zircon ages from orthogneisses and anorthosites at Mount Narryer, Western Australia. Precambrian Research 38, 325-341.
39. 206Pb-age-investigations on single zircons using a double-filament thermal ion source. Contributions Mineralogy Petrology 93, 482-490
40. 206Pb-age investigations using thermal ion mass spectrometry, and implications to zirconology. Contributions Mineralogy Petrology 96, 63-71.
41. Kröner, A. and Tegtmeyer, A. 1994. Gneiss-greenstone relationships in the Ancient Gneiss Complex of southwestern Swaziland, southern Africa, and implications for early crustal evolution. Precambrian Research 67, 109-139.
42. Kröner, A. and Todt, W. 1988. Single zircon dating constraining the maximum age of the Barberton greenstone belt, southern Africa. Journal Geophysical Research 93, 15329-15337.
43. Kröner, A., Williams, I. S., Compston, W., Baur, N., Vitanage, P. W. and Perera, L. R. K. 1987. Zircon ion microprobe dating of high-grade rocks in Sri Lanka. Journal Geology 95, 775-791.
44. Kröner, A., Compston, W. and Williams, I. S. 1989. Growth of early Archean crust in the Ancient Gneiss Complex of Swaziland as revealed by single zircon dating. Tectonophysics 161, 271-298.
45. Kröner, A., Byerly, G. R. and Lowe, D. R. 1991. Chronology of early Archean granite-greenstone evolution in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, based on precise dating by single zircon evaporation. Earth Planetary Science Letters 103, 41-54.
46. Kröner, A., Wendt, J. I., Milisenda, C., Compston, W. and Maphalala, R. 1993. Zircon geochronology and Nd isotopic systematics of the Ancient Gneiss Complex, Swaziland, and implications for crustal evolution. Geological Survey Mines Department Swaziland Bulletin 11, 15-37.
47. Lightfoot, P. C., Naldrett, A. J., Gorbachev, N. S., Doherty, W. and Fedorenko, V. A. 1990. Geochemistry of the Siberian Trap of the Noril'sk area, USSR, with implications for the relative contributions of crust and mantle to flood basalt magmatism. Contributions Mineralogy Petrology 104, 631-644.
48. Lindstrom, D. J. and Korotev, R. L. 1982. TEABAGS: Computer programs for instrumental neutron activation analysis. Radioanalytical Chemistry 70, 439-458.
49. Maas, R. and McCulloch, M. T. 1991. The provenance of Archean clastic metasediments in the Narryer Gneiss Complex, Western Australia: trace element geochemistry, Nd isotopes, and U-Pb ages for detrital zircons. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 55, 1915-1932.
50. Maphalala, R. and Kröner, A. 1993. Pb-Pb single zircon ages for the younger Archean granitoids of Swaziland, southern Africa. Abstract Volume, 16th International Congress of African Geology, Mbabane, Swaziland.
51. Martin, H. 1986. Effect of steeper Archean geothermal gradient on geochemistry of subduction-zone magmas. Geology 14, 753-756.
52. Martin, H. 1994. Archean grey gneisses and the genesis of continental crust. In: Archean Crustal Evolution (Edited by Condie, K. C.) pp205-259. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
53. McLennan, S. M. 1984. Petrological characteristics of Archean graywackes. Journal Sedimentary Petrology 54, 889-898.
54. McLennan, S. M. 1989. Rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks: influence of provenance and sedimentary processes. Reviews Mineralogy 21, 169-200.
55. McLennan, S. M., Taylor, S. R., McCulloch, M. T. and Maynard, J. B. 1990. Geochemical and Nd-Sr isotopic composition of deep-sea turbidites: crustal evolution and plate tectonic association. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 54, 2015-2050.
56. Milisenda, C. 1986. Petrographie und Geochemie archaischer Granulite und Gneise des Ancient Gneiss Complex in Swaziland, südliches Afrika. Unpubl. Diploma thesis, 137p. University of Mainz, Germany.
57. Milisenda, C., Liew, T. C., Hofmann, A. W. and Kohler, H. 1994. Nd isotopic mapping of the Sri Lanka basement: update, and additional constraints from Sr isotopes. Precambrian Research 66, 95-110.
58. Nesbitt, H. W. and Young, G. M. 1982. Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites. Nature 299, 715-717.
59. Norrish, K. and Hutton, J. T. 1969. An accurate x-ray spectrographic method for the analysis of wide range of geological samples. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 33, 431-453.
60. Patchett, P. J. and Bridgwater, D. 1984. Origin of continental crust of 1.9-1.7 Ga age defined by Nd isotopes in the Ketilidian terrain of South Greenland. Contributions Mineralogy Petrology 87, 311-318.
61. Percival, J. A. 1994. Archean high-grade metamorphism. In: Archean Crustal Evolution (Edited by Condie, K. C.) pp357-410. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
62. Pidgeon, R. T., Furfaro, D., Kennedy, A. and van Bronswjk, W. 1994. Calibration of the CZ3 zircon standard for the Curtin SHRIMP II. U. S. Geological Survey Circular 1107, 251.
63. Smith, M. S., Dymek, R. F. and Chadwick, B. 1992. Petrogenesis of Archean Malene supracrustal rocks, NW Buksefjorden region, West Greenland: geochemical evidence for highly evolved Archean crust. Precambrian Research 57, 49-90.
64. Sylvester, P. 1994. Archean granite plutons. In: Archean Crustal Evolution (Edited by Condie, K. C.) pp261-307. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
65. Taylor, S. R. and McLennan, S. M. 1985. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. 312p. Blackwell, London.
66. Thurston, P. C. and Chivers, K. M. 1990. Secular variation in greenstone sequence development emphasizing Superior Province, Canada. Precambrian Research 6, 21-58.
67. Toulkeridis, T., Goldstein, S. L., Kröner, A., Lowe, D. R. and Schidlowski, M. 1990. Late Archean Rb-Sr, Pb-Pb, and Sm-Nd resetting of Early Archean Barberton greenstone belt carbonates. In: Third International Archean Symposium, Extended Abstracts (Edited by Glover, J. E. and Ho, S. E.) pp309-310. Geoconferences (W. A.) Inc., Perth, Australia.
68. White, W. M. and Patchett, P. J. 1984. Hf-Nd-Sr isotopes and incompatible element abundances in island arcs: implication for magma origins and crust-mantle evolution. Earth Planetary Science Letters 67, 167-185.
69. Williams, I. S. and Claesson, S. 1987. Isotopic evidence for the Precambrian provenance and Caledonian metamorphism of high grade paragneisses from the Seve Nappes, Scandinavian Caledonides. Contributions Mineralogy Petrology 97, 205-217.
70. Williams, I. S., Compston, W., Black, L. P., Ireland, T. R. and Foster, J. J. 1984. Unsupported radiogenic Pb in zircon: a cause of anomalously high Pb-Pb, U-Pb and Th-Pb ages. Contributions Mineralogy Petrology 88, 322-327.
71. Wilson, A. C. and Jackson, M. P. A. 1988. Mantled gneiss domes in southern Swaziland and the concept of stable Pongola cratonic cover. South African Journal Geology 91, 404-414.
72. Wronkiewicz, D. J. and Condie, K. C. 1987. Geochemistry of Archean shales from the Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa: source-area weathering and provenance. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 51, 2401-2416.
73. Wronkiewicz, D. J. and Condie, K. C. 1989. Geochemistry and provenance of sediments from the Pongola Supergroup, South Africa: evidence for a 3.0-Ga continental craton. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 53, 1537-1549.