Classification, etiology, and considerations of outcome in acute liver failure

Seminars in Liver Disease

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 343-348

  Williams, Roger ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Acute liver failure; drug hepatotoxicity; fulminant viral hepatitis

Indexed keywords

PARACETAMOL;

CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DRUG OVERDOSE; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; JAPAN; LIVER FAILURE; LIVER TOXICITY; ONSET AGE; PATHOGENESIS; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0030464145     PISSN: 02728087     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1007247     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. Lucke B, Mallory T: Fulminant form of epidemic hepatitis. Am J Pathol 22:867-945, 1946.
2. Trey C, Davidson, CS: The management of fulminant hepatic failure. In: Popper H, Schaffner F (eds): Progress in Liver Failure. New York, Grune and Stration, 1970, pp 292-8.
3. Gimson AES, O'Grady J, Ede RJ, Portmann B, Williams R: Late-onset hepatic failure: clinical, serological and histological features. Hepatology 6:288-94, 1986.
4. Benhamou JP: Fulminant and subfulminant hepatic failure; definition and causes. In: Williams R, Hughes RD (eds): Acute Liver Failure: Improved Understanding and Better Therapy. London, Mitre Press, 1991, pp 6-10.
5. O'Grady JG, Schalm S, Williams R: Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes. Lancet 342:273-5, 1993.
6. Hoofnagie JH, Carithers RL, Shapiro C, Ascher N: Fulminant hepatic failure: Summary of a workshop. Hepatology 21:240-52, 1995.
7. Spooner JB, Harvey JG: Paracetamol overdose - facts not misconceptions. Pharmaceut J 252:706-7, 1993.
8. Hawton K, Ware C, Mistry H, et al: Why patients chose paracetamol self-poisoning and their knowledge of its dangers. Brit Med J 10:164, 1995.
9. Litovitz TL, Clark LRE, Soloway RA: 1993 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med 12:546-84, 1994.
10. Bismuth C, Garnier R, Fournier E, Baud F: Securite des conditionnements nationaux de paracetamol: pas de mortalite francaise par intoxication aigue. Presse Med 12:1632-4, 1983.
11. Bernuau J, Durand F, Wener P, et al: Management of patients with fulminant or subfulminant liver failure (FSLF) without intracranial pressure monitoring (ICPM): a 4-year prospective study. Abstract 1.4, Joint Congress on Liver Transplantation, London, U.K., 1995.
12. Bray G, Mowat C, Muir D, et al. The effect of chronic alcohol intake on prognosis and outcome in paracetamol overdose. Hum Exp Toxicol 10:435-8, 1991.
13. Zimmerman HJ, Maddrey WC: Acetaminophen (paracetamol) hepatotoxicity with regular intake of alcohol: Analysis of instances of therapeutic misadventure. Hepatology 22:767-73, 1995.
14. Bird GL, Williams R: Detection of antibodies to a halothane metabolite hapten in sera from patients with halothane-associated hepatitis. J Hepatol 9:366-73, 1989.
15. Neuberger J, Gimson AE, Davis M, Williams R: Specific seroiogical markers in the diagnosis of fulminant hepatic failure associated with halothane anesthesia. Br J Anaesth 55:15-19, 1983.
16. Farrell G, Prendergast D. Murray M: Halothane hepatitis: detection of a constitutional susceptibility factor. N Engl J Med 313:1310-14, 1985.
17. Mitchell I, Wendon J, Fitt S, Williams R: Anti-tuberculous therapy and acute liver failure. Lancet 345:555-6, 1995.
18. Bemuau J. Rueff B, Benhamou J: Fulminant and sub-fulminant liver failure: definitions and causes. Sem Liv Dis 6:97-106, 1986.
19. Monjardino J, Saldanha JA: Delta hepatitis - the disease and the virus. In: Zuckerman AJ (ed): Viral Hepatitis. British Medical Bulletin: London, Churchill-Livmgstone, 1990, pp 399-407.
20. Bird G, Smith H, Portmann B, et al: Acute liver decompensation on withdrawal of cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunosuppressive therapy in hepatitis B carriers. Q J Med 73:895-902, 1989.
21. Laskus T, Persing DH, Nowicki MJ, et al: Nucleotide sequence analysis of the precore region in patients with fulminant hepatitis B in the United States. Gastroenterology 1995;1173-8, 1993.
22. Omata M, Ehata T, Yokisuka O, et al: Mutations in the precore region of hepatitis B virus DNA in patients with fulminant and severe hepatitis. N Engl J Med 324:1699-1704, 1991.
23. Fagan EA, Harrison TJ: Exclusion in liver by polymerase chain reaction of hepatitis B and C viruses in acute liver failure attributed to sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis. J Hepatol 1995. In press.
24. Sallie R, Silva E, Purdy M, et al: Hepatitis C and E in fulminant hepatic failure: a polymerase chain reaction and serological study. J Hepatol 20:580-8, 1994.
25. Wright TL, Hsu H, Donegan E, et al Hepatitis C virus not found in fulminant non-A non-B hepatitis. Ann Intern Med 115:111-2, 1991.
26. Theilmann L, Solbach C, Toex U, et al: Role of hepatitis C virus infection in German patients with fulminant and subacute hepatic failure. Eur J Clin Invest 22:569-71, 1992.
27. Feray C, Gigou M, Samuel D, et al: Hepatitis C virus RNA and hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and liver of patients with fulminant hepatitis. Gastroenterology 104:549-55, 1993.
28. Yoshiba M, Sekiyama K, Inoue K, et al: Contribution of hepatitis C virus to non-A, non-B fulminant hepatitis in Japan. Hepatology 19:829-35, 1994.
29. Yanagi M, Kaneko S, Unoura M, et al: Hepatitis C virus in fulminant hepatic failure. N Engl J Med 324:1895, 1995.
30. Chu C, Sheen I, Liaw Y: The role of hepatitis C virus in fulminant hepatic failure in an area with endemic hepatitis A and B. Gastroenterology 107:189-95, 1994.
31. Yoshiba M, Okamoto H, Mishiro S: Detection of the GBV-C hepatitis virus genome in serum from patients with fulminant hepatitis of unknown aetiology. Lancet 346:1131-2, 1995.
32. O'Grady J, Alexander G, Hayllar K, Williams R: Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 97:439-45, 1989.
33. O'Grady JG, Gimson AE, O'Brien CJ, et al: Controlled trials of charcoal hemoperfusion and prognostic factors in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 94:1186-92, 1988.
34. Makin AJ, Wendon J, Williams R: A seven year experience of severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity (1987-1993). Gastroenterology. In press.
35. Bemuau J, Goudeau A, Poynard T, et al: Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in fulminant hepatitis B. Hepatology 6:648-51, 1986.
36. Pereira L, Langley P, Hayllar K, et al: Coagulation factors V and VIII/V ratio as predictors of outcome in paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure: relationship to other prognostic indicators. Gut 33:98-102, 1992.
37. Izumi S, Langley PG, Wendon J, et al: Coagulation factorIV levels as a prognostic indicator in fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatol 23:1507-11, 1996.
38. Murray-Lyon IM, Orr AH, Gazzard B, et al: Prognostic value of serum alpha-fetoprotein in fulminant hepatic failure including patients treated by charcoal haemoperfusion. Gut 17:576-80, 1976.
39. Lee W. Galbraith RM, Wan GH, et al: Predicting survival in hepatic failure using serum Gc concentrations. Hepatology 21:101-5, 1995.