Comparing the health of two large marine ecosystems: The Gulf of Mexico and the Baltic Sea

Ecosystem Health

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 141-144

  Birkett, S H ^a   Rapport, David J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPARATIVE STUDY; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; ECOSYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; RESPONSE; STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES;

BALTIC SEA; GULF OF MEXICO;

EID: 0030463018     PISSN: 10762825     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (96)

1. Anonymous (1992) Priorities for the restoration of the Baltic Sea-A scientific perspective. Ambio 21, 193-194.
2. Anonymous (1995a) Spread of toxic substances and environmental pollution. Ambio 24, 250-251.
3. Anonymous (1995b) Interactions between eutrophication and contaminants: Towards a new research concept for the European aquatic environment. Ambio, 24, 383-384.
4. Bagge, O., Thurow, F., Steffensen, E., Bay, J., (1994) The Baltic cod. Dana 10, 1-28.
5. Bergstrom, O. & Carlsson, B. (1994) River runoff to the Baltic Sea: 1950-1990. Ambio 23, 280-287.
6. Bird, P.M. & Rapport, D.J. (1986) State of the Environment Report for Canada. Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Ottawa.
7. Birkett, S.H. & Rapport, D. (in press) On sorting out nature's ills. Persp. Biol. Med.
8. Blomkvist, G., Roos, A., Jensen, S., Bignert, A., Olsson, M. (1992) Concentrations of DDT and PCB in seals from Swedish and Scottish waters. Ambio 21, 539-545.
9. Boothe, P.N. & Presley, B.J. (1987) The effects of exploratory petroleum drilling in the Northwest Gulf of Mexico on trace metal concentrations in near rig sediments and organisms. Environ. Geol. Water Sci. 9, 173-182.
10. Britton, J.C. & Morton, B. (1989) Shore Ecology of the Gulf of Mexico. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas.
11. Brown, B.E., Browder, J.A., Powers, J., Goodyear, C.D. (1991) Biomass, yield models, and management stategies for the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem. In: Sherman, K., Alexander, L.M., Gold, B.D. (eds) Food Chains, Yields, Models, and Management of Large Marine Ecosystems, pp. 125-163. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
12. Bruneau, L. (1980) Pollution from industries in the drainage area of the Baltic. Ambio 9, 145-152.
13. Cairns Jr, J., McCormick, P.V., Niederlehner, B.R. (1993) A proposed framework for developing indicators of ecosystem health. Hydrobiologia 263, 1-44.
14. Cederwall, H. & Elmgren, R. (1990) Biological effects of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea, particularly the coastal zone. Ambio 19, 109-112.
15. Conner, W.H., Day, J.W., Jr, Baumann, R., Randall, J.M. (1989) Influence of hurricanes on coastal ecosystems along the northern Gulf of Mexico. Wetlands Ecol. Manage. 1, 45-56.
16. Conner, W.H. & Toliver, J.R. (1990) Long-term trends in the bald-cypress (Taxodium distichum) resource in Louisiana, USA. Forest Ecol. and Manage. 33/34, 543-557.
17. Cooper, K.R., Liu, H., Bergqvist, P.-A., Rapport, C. (1991) Evaluation of Baltic herring and Icelandic cod liver oil for embryo toxicity, using the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryo larval assay. Environ. Toxicol. and Chemistry 10, 707-714.
18. Cowan Jr, J.H., Turner, R.E., Cahoon, D.R. (1988) Marsh management plans in practice: Do they work in coastal Louisiana, USA? Env. Manage. 12, 37-53.
19. Dagg, M., Grimes, C., Lohrenz, S., McKee, B., Twilley, R., Wiseman, W., Jr (1991) Continental shelf food chains of the Northern Gulf of Mexico. In: Sherman, K., Alexander, L.M., Gold, B.D. (eds) Food Chains, Yields, Models, and Management of Large Marine Ecosystems, pp. 67-106. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
20. Darnell, R.M. & Defenbaugh, R.E. (1990) Gulf of Mexico: Environmental overview and history of environmental research. Amer. Zool. 30, 3-6.
21. DeLaune, R.D., Patrick, W.H., Pezeshki, S.R. (1987) Foreseeable flooding and death of coastal wetlands forests. Env. Conservation 14, 129-133.
22. Driessen, P.K. (1986) Offshore oil platforms: An invaluable ecological resource. In: Oceans '86 'Science-Engineering Adventure', Volume 2, pp. 516-521, Washington, DC.
23. Durning, A.T. (1992) How Much is Enough?: The Consumer Society and the Future of the Earth. Worldwatch Environmental Series. Norton, New York.
24. Elmgren, R. (1989) Man's impact on the ecosystem of the Baltic Sea: Energy flows today and at the turn of the century. Ambio 18, 326-332.
25. Enell, M. (1989) Impact of utilization in river basin management. Aqua. Fenn. 19, 153-157.
26. Falandysz, J. (1994) Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in cod-liver oil: Evidence of a steady-state condition of these compounds in the Baltic area oils and levels noted in Atlantic oils. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 27, 266-271.
27. Falandysz, J., Kannan, K., Tanabe, S., Tatsukawa, R. (1994) Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in cod-liver oils: North Atlantic, Norwegian Sea, North Sea, and Baltic Sea. Ambio 23, 288-293.
28. Friend, A.M. & Rapport, D.J. (1991) Evolution of macro-information systems for sustainable development. Ecol. Econ. 3, 59-76.
29. Fuller, D.A., Sasser, C.E., Johnson, W.B., Gosselink, J.G. (1984) The effects of herbivory on vegetation on islands in Atchafalaya Bay, Louisiana. Wetlands 4, 105-114.
30. Giammona, C.P. & Darnell, R.E. (1990) Environmental effects of the strategic petroleum reserve program on Louisiana continental shelf communities. Amer. Zool. 30, 37-43.
31. Guzman del Proo, S.A. et al. (1986) The impact of the Ixtoc-1 oil spill on zooplankton. J. Plankton Res. 8, 557-581.
32. Hansson, S. (1987) Effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on coastal fish communities in the Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea. Ambio, 16, 344-348.
33. Hester, M.W., Wilsey, B.J., Mendelssohn, I.A. (1994) Grazing of Panicum amarum in a Louisiana barrier island dune plant community: Management implications for dune restoration projects. Ocean Coast. Manage. 23, 213-224.
34. Hilden, M. (1996) Personal communication.
35. Hilden, M., Hudd, R., Lehtonen, H. (1982) The effects of environmental changes on the fisheries and fish stocks in the Archipelago Sea and the Finnish part of the Gulf of Bothnia. Aqua. Fenn. 12, 47-58.
36. Hilden, M. & Rapport, D.J. (1993) Four centuries of cumulative impacts on a Finnish river and its estuary: an ecosystem health approach. J. Aquatic Ecosystem Health, 2, 261-275.
37. Jackson, T.J., Wade, T.L., McDonald, T.J., Wilkinson, D.L., Brooks, J.M. (1994) Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon contaminant in oysters from the Gulf of Mexico (1986-1990). Environ. Pollut. 83, 291-298.
38. Jansson, J. (1980) Natural systems of the Baltic Sea. Ambio 9, 128-136.
39. Jonsson, P. & Carman, R. (1994) Changes in deposition of organic matter and nutrients in the Baltic Sea during the twentieth century. Mar. Poll. Bull. 28, 417-426.
40. Justic, D., Rabalais, N.N., Turner, R.E., Wiseman, W.J., Jr (1993) Seasonal coupling between riverborne nutrients, net productivity and hypoxia. Marine Pollut. Bull. 26, 184-189.
41. Kahru, M., Horstmann, U., Rud, O. (1994) Satellite detection of increased cyanobacteria blooms in the Baltic Sea: Natural fluctuation or ecosystem change? Ambio 23, 469-472.
42. Kannan, K. Falandysz, J., Yamashita, N., Tanabe, S., Tatasukawa, R. (1992) Temporal trends of organochlorine concentrations in cod-liver oil from the southern Baltic proper, 1971-1989. Mar. Poll. Bull. 24, 358-363.
43. Karlsson, L. & Karlstrom, O. (1994) The Baltic salmon (Salmo salar L.): Its history, present situation and future. Dana 10, 61-85.
44. Kennicutt, M.C., Brooks, J.M., Atlas, E.L., Giam, C.S. (1988) Organic compounds of environmental concern in the Gulf of Mexico: A review. Aquatic Toxicology 11, 191-212.
45. Leonarsson, M. (1993) Long-term ecological effects of bleached pulp-mill effluents on benthic macrofauna in the Gulf of Bothnia. Ambio 22, 359-362.
46. Leppakoski, E. (1980) Man's impact on the Baltic ecosystem. Ambio 9, 174-181.
47. Leppakoski, E. & Rahkonen, R. (1996) Foreign species in well-known waters (in Finnish). Fiskeritidskrift for Finland 30, 22-25.
48. Loftus, K.H. & Regier, H.J. (1972) Introduction to the Proceedings of the 1971 Symposium on Salmonid Communities in Oligotrophic Lakes (SCOL). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29, 613-616.
49. MacDonald, I.R., Guinasso, N.L., Jr, Ackleson, S.G., Amos, J.F., Duckworth, R., Sassen, R., Brooks, J.M. (1993) Natural oil slicks in the Gulf of Mexico visible from space. J. Geophys. Res. C- Oceans, 98(C9), 16351-16364.
50. Mattila, J. (1993) Long-term changes in the bottom fauna along the Finnish coast of the southern Bothnian Sea. Aqua. Fenn. 23, 143-152.
51. Morris, J.T., Kjerfve, B., Dean, J.M. (1990) Dependence of estuarinc productivity on anomalies in mean sea level. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35, 926-930.
52. Neuman, E. & Karaas, P. (1988) Effects of pulp mill effluent on the Baltic coastal fish community. In: Sodergren, A., Wartiovaara, J. (eds), Forest Industry Wastewaters Environmental Effects - Proc. IAWPRC Symp., Univ. of Technology, Finland, 9-12 June 1987, Volume 20-2, 95-106.
53. Nyman, J.A., Chabrek, R.H., Kinler, N.W. (1983) Some effects of herbivory and 30 years of weir management on emergent vegetation in brackish marsh. Wetlands 13, 165-175.
54. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (1993) OECD Core Set of Indicators for Environmental Performance Reviews. Environmental Monographs No. 83: A synthesis report to the Group on the State of Environment, OECD, Paris.
55. Olsson, A. & Bergman, A. (1995) A new persistent contaminant detected in Baltic wildlife: Bis (4-chlorophenyl) sulphone. Ambio 24, 119-123.
56. Olsson, M., Andersson, O., Bergman, A., Blomkvist, G., Frank, A., Rappe, C. (1992) Contaminants and diseases in seals from Swedish waters. Ambio 21, 561-562.
57. Overstreet, R.B. (1988) Aquatic pollution problems, Southeastern US coasts: Histopathological indicators. Aquatic Toxicology 11, 213-239.
58. Overstreet, R.B. & Howse, H.D. (1977) Some parasites and diseases of estuarine fishes in polluted habitats of Mississippi. Ann. New York Acad. Sciences 298, 427-462.
59. Palmer, S.J. & Presley, B.J. (1993) Mercury bioaccumulation by shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) transplanted to Lavaca Bay, Texas, Marine Poll. Bull. 26, 564-566.
60. Parmanne, R., Rechlin, O., Sj-strand, B. (1994) Status and future and herring and sprat stocks in the Baltic Sea. Dana 10, 29-59.
61. Pitkaenen, H. (1985) The regional distribution of some water quality variables in Finnish coastal waters. In: Vesientutkimuslait. Julk., pp. 105-120. Helsinki Water Research Insitute, Helsinki.
62. UNEP, 1991. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) State of the Environment. United Nations, New York.
63. Pulliainen, E., Korhonen, K., Kankaanranta, L., Maki, K. (1992) Non-spawning burbot on the northern coast of the Bothnian Bay. Ambio 21, 170-175.
64. Rapport, D.J. (1989) Symptoms of pathology in the Gulf of Bothnia (Baltic Sea): Ecosystem response to stress from human activity. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 37, 33-49.
65. Rapport, D.J. 1995. Ecosystem services and management options as blanket indicators of ecosystem health. J. Aquatic Ecosystem Health 4, 97-105.
66. Rapport, D.J. & Friend, A.M. (1979) Towards a comprehensive framework for environmental statistics: A stress-response approach. Statistics Canada (11-510), Ottawa.
67. Rapport, D.J. & Regier, H.A. (1995) Disturbance and stress effects on ecological systems. In: Patten, B.C. and Jorgensen, S.E. (eds) Complex Ecology: The Part-Whole Relation in Ecosystems, pp. 397-414. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
68. Rapport, D.J., Regier, H.A., Hutchinson (1985) Ecosystem behaviour under stress. The American Naturalist 125, 617-640.
69. Regier H.J., Tuunaineneu, P., Russek, Z., Persson, L.E. (1988) Rehabilitative redevelopment of the fish and fisheries of the Baltic Sea and the Great Lakes. Ambio 17, 121-130.
70. Rezak, R., Gittings, S.R., Bright, T.J. (1990) Biotic assemblages and ecological controls on reefs and banks of the northwest Gulf of Mexico. Amer. Zool. 30, 23-35.
71. Richards, W.J., & McGowan, M.F. (1989) Biological productivity in the Gulf of Mexico: Identifying the causes of variability in fisheries. In: Sherman, K. & Alexander, L.M. (eds) Biomass Yields and Geography of Large Marine Ecosystems, pp. 287-326. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
72. Riley, G.A. (1937) The significance of the Mississippi River drainage for biological conditions in the northern Gulf of Mexico. J. Mar. Res. 1, 60-74.
73. Sasser, C.E., Dozier, M.D., Gosselink, J.G. (1986) Spatial and temporal changes in Louisiana's Barataria Basin marshes, 1945-1980. Environ. Manage. 10, 671-680.
74. Scaife, W.W., Turner, R.E., Costanza, R. (1983) Coastal Louisiana recent land loss and canal impacts. Env. Manage. 7, 433-442.
75. Segerstrale, S. (1976) Recent trends in Baltic marine biological research. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 14, 347-369.
76. Sericano, J.L., Wade, T.L., Brooks, J.M., Atlas, E.L., Fay, R.R., Wilkinson, D.L. (1993) National Status and Trends Mussel Watch Program: Chlordane-related compounds in Gulf of Mexico oysters, 1986-90. Environ. Pollut. 82, 23-32.
77. Sherman, K. (1991) The large marine ecosystem concept: Research and management strategy for living marine resources. Ecol. Appl. 1, 349-360.
78. Sherman, K. (1995) Large marine ecosystems and fisheries. In: Munasinghe, M. and Shearer, W. (eds) Defining and Measuring Sustainabilily: The Biogeophysical Foundations, pp. 207-234. World Bank, Washington, D.C..
79. Sherman, K. & Alexander, L.M. (1989) In: Sherman K. and Alexander LM (eds) Biomass Yields and Geography of Large Marine Ecosystems, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
80. Sherman, K., Alexander, L.M., Gold, B.D. (1991) Food Chains, Yields, Models, and Management of Large Marine Ecosystems. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
81. Shiller, A.M. & Boyle, E.A. (1987) Variability of dissolved trace metals in the Mississippi River. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 51, 3273-3277.
82. Soukup, A, Williams, R.J., Cattell, F.C., Krogh, M.H. (1994) The function of coastal wetland as an efficient remover of nutrients from sewage effluent: A case study. In Bavor, H.J. & Mitchell, D.S., (eds) Wetland Systems in Water Pollution Control, Proc. IAWQ Third International Specialist Conference on Wetland Systems in Water Pollution Control, Sydney, Australia, 23-25 November 1992. Elsevier Science, Oxford.
83. Swart, R. de L., Ross, P.S. et al. (1994) Impairment of immune function in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) feeding on fish from polluted waters. Ambio 23, 155-160.
84. Szefer, P., Malinga, M., Skora, K., Pempkowiak, J. (1994) Heavy metals in harbour porpoises from Puck Bay in the Baltic Sea. Mar. Poll. Bull., 28, 570-571.
85. Templet, P.H. & Meyer-Arendt, K.J. (1988) Louisiana wetland loss: A regional water management approach to die problem. Env. Mange. 12, 181-192.
86. Thurow, F. (1980) The state of fish stocks in the Baltic. Ambio 9, 153-157.
87. Tolba, M.K., El-kholy, O.A., El-Hinnawi, E., Holdgate, M.W., McMichael, D.F., Munn, R.E. (1992) The World Environment 1972-1992. Chapman and Hall, London.
88. Turner, R.E. (1990) Landscape development and coastal wetland losses in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Amer. Zool. 30, 89-105.
89. United Nations (1991a) Concepts and Methods of Environmental Statistics: Statistics of the Natural Environment. Studies in Methods, Series F No. 57. United Nations, Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office, New York.
90. United Nations (1991b): United Nations Environment Programme, State of the Environment, United Nations, New York.
91. Voipio, A. (1981) In: Voipio, A. (ed) The Baltic Sea, Elsevier Scientific, Amsterdam.
92. Wade, T.L., Atlas, E.L., Brooks, J.M. et al. (1988) NOAA Gulf of Mexico Status and Trends Program: Trace organic contaminant distribution in sediments and oysters. Estuaries 11, 171-179.
93. Westman, W.E. (1990) Evaluating the benefits of ecosystem integrity. In: Edwards, C.J. & Regier, H.A. An Ecosystem Approach to the Integrity of the Great Lakes in Turbulent Times, pp. 91-103. Great Lakes Fish. Comm. Spec. Pub 90-4, Ann Arbor, MI.
94. Wulff, F. & Rahm, L. (1993) Accumulation of chlorinated organic matter in the Baltic Sea from 50 years of use - A threat to the environment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 26, 272-275.
95. Wulff, F., Rahm, L., Jonsson, P., Brydsten, L., Ahl, T., Granmo, A. (1993) A mass-balance model of chlorinated organic matter for the Baltic Sea - a challenge for ecotoxicology. Ambio 22, 27-31.
96. Wulff, F. & Ulanowics, R. (1989) A comparative anatomy of the Baltic Sea and Chesapeake Bay ecosystems. In: Wulff, F., Field, J., Mann, K. (eds) Network Analysis in Marine Ecology: Methods and Applications, Volume 32 of Coastal and Estuarine Studies, pp. 232-256. Springer Verlag, Berlin.