The role of wind and insects in cashew (Anacardium occidentale) pollination in NE Brazil

Journal of Agricultural Science

Volumn 126, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 319-326

  Freitas, B M ^a   Paxton, R J ^b  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF CEARÁ   (Brazil)

^b UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE; APIS MELLIFERA; APOIDEA; HEXAPODA; INSECTA; ANACARDIACEAE; APIDAE; HYMENOPTERA;

INSECT POLLINATION; WIND POLLINATION;

BRAZIL;

EID: 0030461208     PISSN: 00218596     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0021859600074876     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. BARROS, L. M. (1988). Biologia floral, colheita e rendimento. In A Cultura do Cajueiro no Nordeste do Brasil (Ed. V. P. M. S. Lima), pp. 301-319. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil: Banco do Nordeste do Brasil S.A.
2. BARROS, L. M., ALMEIDA, J. I. L. & ARAÚJO, F. E. (1986) O cajueiro anão. uma alternative para pequeno e médio produtores. In Resumos do Seminário de Tecnologia Agropecuaria inovadora para o Nordeste, pp. 214-216 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Banco do Nordeste do Brasil S A.
3. BENTLEY, B. L. (1976). Plants bearing extrafloral nectaries and the associated ant community interhabit differences in the reduction of herbivore damage. Ecology 57, 815-820.
4. BENTLEY, B. L. (1977). The protective function of ants visiting the extrafloral nectaries of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae). Journal of Ecology 65, 27-38.
5. BIGGER, M. (1960). Selenothrips rubrocmetus (Giard) and the floral biology of cashew in Tanganyika. The East African Agricuhural Journal 25, 229-234.
6. DAMODARAN, V. K. (1976). Hybrid vigour in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). Agricultural Research Journal of Kerala 13 (2), 195-196.
7. DAMODARAN, V. K. (1979). Agro-technology for increased cashew nut production. Indian Farming 28 (12), 29-31.
8. DAMODARAN, V. K., ABRAHAM, J. & ALEXANDER, K. M. (1966). The morphology and biology of the cashew flower. II. Anthesis, dehiscence, receptivity of stigma, pollination, fruit-set and fruit-development. Agricultural Research Journal of Kerala 4 (2), 78-84.
9. DAMODARAN, V. K., VILASACHAN, Y. & VALSALAKUMARI, P. K (1979) Research on cashew in India. In Technical Bulletin, pp. 10-35. India: Kerala Agricultural University.
10. DANTAS DE ARAUJO, C. Z (1994) The biological interactions between ants and cashew-tree. In Proceedings of the 12th Congress of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects (Eds A. Lenoir, G. Arnold & M. Lepage), p. 176. Paris, France: Université Paris Nord.
11. EMBRAPA-CNPCA (1990). Infra-estrutura. In Relatório Técmco Anual do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Caju 1987-1988, pp 19-21. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil: EMBRAPA.
12. EMBRAPA-CNPCA (1993). Segregação fenotípica no cajueiro-anão-precoce: implieações agroeconômicas. In Relatório Técnico Anual do Centra Nacional de Pesquisa de Caju 1991-1992, pp. 18-23. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil: EMBRAPA
13. FAEGRI, K. & VAN DER PIJL, L. (1979). The Principles of Pollination Ecology, 3rd edn. London: Pergamon Press.
14. FRANÇA, F. M. C (1988). Produção, comercialização e mercado. In A Cultura do Cajueiro no Nordeste do Brasil (Ed. V. P. M. S. Lima), pp. 403-452. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil: Banco do Nordeste do Brasil S.A.
15. FREE, J. B. (1993). Insect Pollination of Crops London: Academic Press.
16. FREE, J. B. & WILLIAMS, I. H. (1976). Insect pollination of Anacardium occidentale L., Mangifera indica L., Blighta sapida Koenig and Persea americana Mill. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 53, 125-139.
17. FREITAS, B. M (1994). Beekeeping and cashew in north-eastern Brazil: the balance of honey and nut production. Bee WarId 75, 160-168.
18. HAARER, A. E. (1954). The cashew nut. World Crops 6, 95-96, 98.
19. HEARD, T. A., VITHANAGE, V. & CHACKO, E. K. (1990). Pollination biology of cashew in the Northern Territory of Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 41, 1101-1114.
20. JOHNSON, D. V. (1973). The botany, origin and spread of the cashew Anacardium occidentale L. Journal of Plantation Crops 1, 1-7.
21. KHOO, K. C., IBRAHIM, Y., MAELZER, D. A. & LIM, T. K. (1982). Entomofauna of cashew in West Malaysia. In Proceedings of the International Conference in Plant Protection in Tropics 1982, pp. 289-298. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
22. LIMA, V. P. M. S. (1988). Origem e distribuição geográfica. In A Cultura do Cajueiro no Nordeste do Brasil (Ed. V. P. M. S. Lima), pp. 1-13. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil: Banco do Nordeste do Brasil S.A.
23. MADHAVA RAO, V. N. & HASSAN, V. M. (1957). Preliminary studies on the floral biology of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). The Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 27, 277-288.
24. MORTON, J. F. (1961). The cashew's brighter future. Economic Botany 15, 57-78.
25. MOTA, M. (1982). O Cajueiro Nordestino, 3 ed. (Col. Recife, 29). Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil: Fundação de Cultura Cidade do Recife.
26. MURTHY, K. N., KUMARAN, P. M. & NAYAR, N. M. (1975). Increasing fruit set in cashew by hormone spraying Journal of Plantation Crops 3, 81-82.
27. NAMBIAR, M. C. & HARIDASAN, M. (1979). Fertilizing cashew for higher yields. Indian Farming 28 (1), 16-17.
28. NORTHWOOD, P. J. (1966). Some observations on flowering and fruit-setting in the cashew Anacardium occidentale L. Tropical Agriculture, (Trinidad) 43, 35-42.
29. REDDI, E. U. B. (1987). Under-pollination: a major constraint of cashewnut production. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy B 53, 249-252.
30. REDDI, E. U. B. (1991). Pollinating agent of cashew - wind or insects? Indian Cashew Journal 20, 13-18.
31. THIMMARAJU, K. R. & LAKSHMI ROJU, D. (1993). Pollinator limited fruit set in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Pollination in the Tropics, p.43. Bangalore, India.
32. THIMMARAJU, K. R., NARAYANA REDDY, M. A., SURYANARAYANA REDDY, B. G. & SULLADMATH, U. V. (1980). Studies on the floral biology of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences 14, 490-497.
33. VEENA, T. & GANESHAIAH, K. N. (1991). Non-random pattern of ants foraging on honeydew of aphids on cashew inflorescences. Animal Behaviour 41, 7-15.