Marriage and social change in south-western Finland, 1700-1870

Continuity and Change

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 91-113

  Moring, Beatrice ^a  

^a Renvall Inst of Historical Research   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HISTORICAL STUDY; MARRIAGE TREND; MIGRATION PATTERN; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL MOBILITY;

FINLAND;

EID: 0030459761     PISSN: 02684160     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0268416000003106     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. E. A. Wrigley, 'Population history in the 1980s', Journal of Interdisciplinary History 13 (1981), 218.
2. J. Hajnal, 'European marriage patterns in perspective', in D. V. Glass and D. E. C. Eversley eds., Population in history (London, 1965), 101-44; J. Hajnal, 'Two kinds of pre-industrial household formation', in R. Wall, J. R. Robin and P. Laslett eds., Family forms in historic Europe (Cambridge, 1983), 69.
3. J. Hajnal, 'European marriage patterns in perspective', in D. V. Glass and D. E. C. Eversley eds., Population in history (London, 1965), 101-44; J. Hajnal, 'Two kinds of pre-industrial household formation', in R. Wall, J. R. Robin and P. Laslett eds., Family forms in historic Europe (Cambridge, 1983), 69.
4. Hajnal, 'European marriage patterns', 66.
5. Francesco Benigno, 'The southern Italian family in the early modern period: a discussion of co-residential patterns', Continuity and Change 4: 1 (1989), 174-5.
6. David I. Kertzer and Dennis Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern: sharecropping and proletarianization in Casaleccio, Italy 1861-1921', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1989), 31-45; David I. Kertzer and Caroline Bretell, 'Advances in Italian and Iberian family history', Journal of Family History 12: 1 (1987), 88, 92-7, 104, 112-13; Massimo Livi-Bacci and Marco Breschi, 'Italian fertility: an historical account'. Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 385-408; Carlo Bianco, 'The Mezzadria family: a study of kinship roles in the life cycle', Ethnologia Europaea XVIII: 2 (1988), 135-46; David Sven Reher, 'Household and family on the Castilian Meseta: the province of Cuenca from 1750 to 1970', Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 59-74; David Sven Reher, 'Marriage patterns in Spain 1887-1930', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 23-4; Rosella Rettaroli, 'Age at marriage in nineteenth-century Italy', Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 409-25; Benigno, 'Southern Italian family', 168-72, 175, 179-84; Christina Bastos, 'The northeastern Algarve and the southern Iberia family pattern'. Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 111-22.
7. David I. Kertzer and Dennis Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern: sharecropping and proletarianization in Casaleccio, Italy 1861-1921', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1989), 31-45; David I. Kertzer and Caroline Bretell, 'Advances in Italian and Iberian family history', Journal of Family History 12: 1 (1987), 88, 92-7, 104, 112-13; Massimo Livi-Bacci and Marco Breschi, 'Italian fertility: an historical account'. Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 385-408; Carlo Bianco, 'The Mezzadria family: a study of kinship roles in the life cycle', Ethnologia Europaea XVIII: 2 (1988), 135-46; David Sven Reher, 'Household and family on the Castilian Meseta: the province of Cuenca from 1750 to 1970', Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 59-74; David Sven Reher, 'Marriage patterns in Spain 1887-1930', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 23-4; Rosella Rettaroli, 'Age at marriage in nineteenth-century Italy', Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 409-25; Benigno, 'Southern Italian family', 168-72, 175, 179-84; Christina Bastos, 'The northeastern Algarve and the southern Iberia family pattern'. Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 111-22.
8. David I. Kertzer and Dennis Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern: sharecropping and proletarianization in Casaleccio, Italy 1861-1921', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1989), 31-45; David I. Kertzer and Caroline Bretell, 'Advances in Italian and Iberian family history', Journal of Family History 12: 1 (1987), 88, 92-7, 104, 112-13; Massimo Livi-Bacci and Marco Breschi, 'Italian fertility: an historical account'. Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 385-408; Carlo Bianco, 'The Mezzadria family: a study of kinship roles in the life cycle', Ethnologia Europaea XVIII: 2 (1988), 135-46; David Sven Reher, 'Household and family on the Castilian Meseta: the province of Cuenca from 1750 to 1970', Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 59-74; David Sven Reher, 'Marriage patterns in Spain 1887-1930', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 23-4; Rosella Rettaroli, 'Age at marriage in nineteenth-century Italy', Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 409-25; Benigno, 'Southern Italian family', 168-72, 175, 179-84; Christina Bastos, 'The northeastern Algarve and the southern Iberia family pattern'. Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 111-22.
9. David I. Kertzer and Dennis Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern: sharecropping and proletarianization in Casaleccio, Italy 1861-1921', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1989), 31-45; David I. Kertzer and Caroline Bretell, 'Advances in Italian and Iberian family history', Journal of Family History 12: 1 (1987), 88, 92-7, 104, 112-13; Massimo Livi-Bacci and Marco Breschi, 'Italian fertility: an historical account'. Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 385-408; Carlo Bianco, 'The Mezzadria family: a study of kinship roles in the life cycle', Ethnologia Europaea XVIII: 2 (1988), 135-46; David Sven Reher, 'Household and family on the Castilian Meseta: the province of Cuenca from 1750 to 1970', Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 59-74; David Sven Reher, 'Marriage patterns in Spain 1887-1930', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 23-4; Rosella Rettaroli, 'Age at marriage in nineteenth-century Italy', Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 409-25; Benigno, 'Southern Italian family', 168-72, 175, 179-84; Christina Bastos, 'The northeastern Algarve and the southern Iberia family pattern'. Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 111-22.
10. David I. Kertzer and Dennis Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern: sharecropping and proletarianization in Casaleccio, Italy 1861-1921', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1989), 31-45; David I. Kertzer and Caroline Bretell, 'Advances in Italian and Iberian family history', Journal of Family History 12: 1 (1987), 88, 92-7, 104, 112-13; Massimo Livi-Bacci and Marco Breschi, 'Italian fertility: an historical account'. Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 385-408; Carlo Bianco, 'The Mezzadria family: a study of kinship roles in the life cycle', Ethnologia Europaea XVIII: 2 (1988), 135-46; David Sven Reher, 'Household and family on the Castilian Meseta: the province of Cuenca from 1750 to 1970', Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 59-74; David Sven Reher, 'Marriage patterns in Spain 1887-1930', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 23-4; Rosella Rettaroli, 'Age at marriage in nineteenth-century Italy', Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 409-25; Benigno, 'Southern Italian family', 168-72, 175, 179-84; Christina Bastos, 'The northeastern Algarve and the southern Iberia family pattern'. Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 111-22.
11. David I. Kertzer and Dennis Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern: sharecropping and proletarianization in Casaleccio, Italy 1861-1921', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1989), 31-45; David I. Kertzer and Caroline Bretell, 'Advances in Italian and Iberian family history', Journal of Family History 12: 1 (1987), 88, 92-7, 104, 112-13; Massimo Livi-Bacci and Marco Breschi, 'Italian fertility: an historical account'. Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 385-408; Carlo Bianco, 'The Mezzadria family: a study of kinship roles in the life cycle', Ethnologia Europaea XVIII: 2 (1988), 135-46; David Sven Reher, 'Household and family on the Castilian Meseta: the province of Cuenca from 1750 to 1970', Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 59-74; David Sven Reher, 'Marriage patterns in Spain 1887-1930', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 23-4; Rosella Rettaroli, 'Age at marriage in nineteenth-century Italy', Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 409-25; Benigno, 'Southern Italian family', 168-72, 175, 179-84; Christina Bastos, 'The northeastern Algarve and the southern Iberia family pattern'. Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 111-22.
12. David I. Kertzer and Dennis Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern: sharecropping and proletarianization in Casaleccio, Italy 1861-1921', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1989), 31-45; David I. Kertzer and Caroline Bretell, 'Advances in Italian and Iberian family history', Journal of Family History 12: 1 (1987), 88, 92-7, 104, 112-13; Massimo Livi-Bacci and Marco Breschi, 'Italian fertility: an historical account'. Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 385-408; Carlo Bianco, 'The Mezzadria family: a study of kinship roles in the life cycle', Ethnologia Europaea XVIII: 2 (1988), 135-46; David Sven Reher, 'Household and family on the Castilian Meseta: the province of Cuenca from 1750 to 1970', Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 59-74; David Sven Reher, 'Marriage patterns in Spain 1887-1930', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 23-4; Rosella Rettaroli, 'Age at marriage in nineteenth-century Italy', Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 409-25; Benigno, 'Southern Italian family', 168-72, 175, 179-84; Christina Bastos, 'The northeastern Algarve and the southern Iberia family pattern'. Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 111-22.
13. David I. Kertzer and Dennis Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern: sharecropping and proletarianization in Casaleccio, Italy 1861-1921', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1989), 31-45; David I. Kertzer and Caroline Bretell, 'Advances in Italian and Iberian family history', Journal of Family History 12: 1 (1987), 88, 92-7, 104, 112-13; Massimo Livi-Bacci and Marco Breschi, 'Italian fertility: an historical account'. Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 385-408; Carlo Bianco, 'The Mezzadria family: a study of kinship roles in the life cycle', Ethnologia Europaea XVIII: 2 (1988), 135-46; David Sven Reher, 'Household and family on the Castilian Meseta: the province of Cuenca from 1750 to 1970', Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 59-74; David Sven Reher, 'Marriage patterns in Spain 1887-1930', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 23-4; Rosella Rettaroli, 'Age at marriage in nineteenth-century Italy', Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 409-25; Benigno, 'Southern Italian family', 168-72, 175, 179-84; Christina Bastos, 'The northeastern Algarve and the southern Iberia family pattern'. Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 111-22.
14. David I. Kertzer and Dennis Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern: sharecropping and proletarianization in Casaleccio, Italy 1861-1921', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1989), 31-45; David I. Kertzer and Caroline Bretell, 'Advances in Italian and Iberian family history', Journal of Family History 12: 1 (1987), 88, 92-7, 104, 112-13; Massimo Livi-Bacci and Marco Breschi, 'Italian fertility: an historical account'. Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 385-408; Carlo Bianco, 'The Mezzadria family: a study of kinship roles in the life cycle', Ethnologia Europaea XVIII: 2 (1988), 135-46; David Sven Reher, 'Household and family on the Castilian Meseta: the province of Cuenca from 1750 to 1970', Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 59-74; David Sven Reher, 'Marriage patterns in Spain 1887-1930', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 23-4; Rosella Rettaroli, 'Age at marriage in nineteenth-century Italy', Journal of Family History 15: 4 (1990), 409-25; Benigno, 'Southern Italian family', 168-72, 175, 179-84; Christina Bastos, 'The northeastern Algarve and the southern Iberia family pattern'. Journal of Family History 13: 1 (1988), 111-22.
15. David Levine, Family formation in the age of nascent capitalism (London, 1977), 104-10; David Levine, Proletarianization and family history. Studies in social discontinuity (New York, 1984), 93-4, 114-15.
16. David Levine, Family formation in the age of nascent capitalism (London, 1977), 104-10; David Levine, Proletarianization and family history. Studies in social discontinuity (New York, 1984), 93-4, 114-15.
17. David Gaunt, 'Household typology: problems, methods, results', in Sune Akerman, Hans-Chr. Johansen and David Gaunt eds., Chance and Change (Odense, 1978); Christer Winberg, Folkökning och proletarisering (Lund, 1977); Ingrid Eriksson and John Rogers, 'Rural labor and population change', Studia Historica Upsaliensia 100 (Uppsala, 1978); Dirk Jaap Noordam, 'Liebe und Verburgerlichung in der holländischen Landfamilie', in Peter Borscheid and Hans J. Teuteberg eds., Ehe, Liebe, Tod. Studien zur Geschichte des Alttags (Münster, 1983), 290; Kertzer and Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern', 34-5; Martine Segalen, 'Mean age at marriage and kinship networks in a town under the influence of the metropolis: Nanterre 1800-1850', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 65-78; Jürgen Schlumbohm, 'From peasant society to class society : some aspects of family and class in a northwest German protoindustrial parish, seventeenth-nineteenth centuries', Journal of Family History 17: 2 (1992), 183-99; Eilert Sundt, Om Giftermål i Norge (first published 1866; Askim, 1967), 213, 225-7; Hans Norman and John Rogers, Familj och hushåll i förändrade produktionsmiljöer. Familjen i forandring i 18 og 1900-tallet. Rapporter till den XIX nordiske historikerkongress i Odense 1984, Vol. III (Odense, 1986), 57-8.
18. David Gaunt, 'Household typology: problems, methods, results', in Sune Akerman, Hans-Chr. Johansen and David Gaunt eds., Chance and Change (Odense, 1978); Christer Winberg, Folkökning och proletarisering (Lund, 1977); Ingrid Eriksson and John Rogers, 'Rural labor and population change', Studia Historica Upsaliensia 100 (Uppsala, 1978); Dirk Jaap Noordam, 'Liebe und Verburgerlichung in der holländischen Landfamilie', in Peter Borscheid and Hans J. Teuteberg eds., Ehe, Liebe, Tod. Studien zur Geschichte des Alttags (Münster, 1983), 290; Kertzer and Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern', 34-5; Martine Segalen, 'Mean age at marriage and kinship networks in a town under the influence of the metropolis: Nanterre 1800-1850', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 65-78; Jürgen Schlumbohm, 'From peasant society to class society : some aspects of family and class in a northwest German protoindustrial parish, seventeenth-nineteenth centuries', Journal of Family History 17: 2 (1992), 183-99; Eilert Sundt, Om Giftermål i Norge (first published 1866; Askim, 1967), 213, 225-7; Hans Norman and John Rogers, Familj och hushåll i förändrade produktionsmiljöer. Familjen i forandring i 18 og 1900-tallet. Rapporter till den XIX nordiske historikerkongress i Odense 1984, Vol. III (Odense, 1986), 57-8.
19. David Gaunt, 'Household typology: problems, methods, results', in Sune Akerman, Hans-Chr. Johansen and David Gaunt eds., Chance and Change (Odense, 1978); Christer Winberg, Folkökning och proletarisering (Lund, 1977); Ingrid Eriksson and John Rogers, 'Rural labor and population change', Studia Historica Upsaliensia 100 (Uppsala, 1978); Dirk Jaap Noordam, 'Liebe und Verburgerlichung in der holländischen Landfamilie', in Peter Borscheid and Hans J. Teuteberg eds., Ehe, Liebe, Tod. Studien zur Geschichte des Alttags (Münster, 1983), 290; Kertzer and Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern', 34-5; Martine Segalen, 'Mean age at marriage and kinship networks in a town under the influence of the metropolis: Nanterre 1800-1850', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 65-78; Jürgen Schlumbohm, 'From peasant society to class society : some aspects of family and class in a northwest German protoindustrial parish, seventeenth-nineteenth centuries', Journal of Family History 17: 2 (1992), 183-99; Eilert Sundt, Om Giftermål i Norge (first published 1866; Askim, 1967), 213, 225-7; Hans Norman and John Rogers, Familj och hushåll i förändrade produktionsmiljöer. Familjen i forandring i 18 og 1900-tallet. Rapporter till den XIX nordiske historikerkongress i Odense 1984, Vol. III (Odense, 1986), 57-8.
20. David Gaunt, 'Household typology: problems, methods, results', in Sune Akerman, Hans-Chr. Johansen and David Gaunt eds., Chance and Change (Odense, 1978); Christer Winberg, Folkökning och proletarisering (Lund, 1977); Ingrid Eriksson and John Rogers, 'Rural labor and population change', Studia Historica Upsaliensia 100 (Uppsala, 1978); Dirk Jaap Noordam, 'Liebe und Verburgerlichung in der holländischen Landfamilie', in Peter Borscheid and Hans J. Teuteberg eds., Ehe, Liebe, Tod. Studien zur Geschichte des Alttags (Münster, 1983), 290; Kertzer and Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern', 34-5; Martine Segalen, 'Mean age at marriage and kinship networks in a town under the influence of the metropolis: Nanterre 1800-1850', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 65-78; Jürgen Schlumbohm, 'From peasant society to class society : some aspects of family and class in a northwest German protoindustrial parish, seventeenth-nineteenth centuries', Journal of Family History 17: 2 (1992), 183-99; Eilert Sundt, Om Giftermål i Norge (first published 1866; Askim, 1967), 213, 225-7; Hans Norman and John Rogers, Familj och hushåll i förändrade produktionsmiljöer. Familjen i forandring i 18 og 1900-tallet. Rapporter till den XIX nordiske historikerkongress i Odense 1984, Vol. III (Odense, 1986), 57-8.
21. David Gaunt, 'Household typology: problems, methods, results', in Sune Akerman, Hans-Chr. Johansen and David Gaunt eds., Chance and Change (Odense, 1978); Christer Winberg, Folkökning och proletarisering (Lund, 1977); Ingrid Eriksson and John Rogers, 'Rural labor and population change', Studia Historica Upsaliensia 100 (Uppsala, 1978); Dirk Jaap Noordam, 'Liebe und Verburgerlichung in der holländischen Landfamilie', in Peter Borscheid and Hans J. Teuteberg eds., Ehe, Liebe, Tod. Studien zur Geschichte des Alttags (Münster, 1983), 290; Kertzer and Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern', 34-5; Martine Segalen, 'Mean age at marriage and kinship networks in a town under the influence of the metropolis: Nanterre 1800-1850', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 65-78; Jürgen Schlumbohm, 'From peasant society to class society : some aspects of family and class in a northwest German protoindustrial parish, seventeenth-nineteenth centuries', Journal of Family History 17: 2 (1992), 183-99; Eilert Sundt, Om Giftermål i Norge (first published 1866; Askim, 1967), 213, 225-7; Hans Norman and John Rogers, Familj och hushåll i förändrade produktionsmiljöer. Familjen i forandring i 18 og 1900-tallet. Rapporter till den XIX nordiske historikerkongress i Odense 1984, Vol. III (Odense, 1986), 57-8.
22. David Gaunt, 'Household typology: problems, methods, results', in Sune Akerman, Hans-Chr. Johansen and David Gaunt eds., Chance and Change (Odense, 1978); Christer Winberg, Folkökning och proletarisering (Lund, 1977); Ingrid Eriksson and John Rogers, 'Rural labor and population change', Studia Historica Upsaliensia 100 (Uppsala, 1978); Dirk Jaap Noordam, 'Liebe und Verburgerlichung in der holländischen Landfamilie', in Peter Borscheid and Hans J. Teuteberg eds., Ehe, Liebe, Tod. Studien zur Geschichte des Alttags (Münster, 1983), 290; Kertzer and Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern', 34-5; Martine Segalen, 'Mean age at marriage and kinship networks in a town under the influence of the metropolis: Nanterre 1800-1850', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 65-78; Jürgen Schlumbohm, 'From peasant society to class society : some aspects of family and class in a northwest German protoindustrial parish, seventeenth-nineteenth centuries', Journal of Family History 17: 2 (1992), 183-99; Eilert Sundt, Om Giftermål i Norge (first published 1866; Askim, 1967), 213, 225-7; Hans Norman and John Rogers, Familj och hushåll i förändrade produktionsmiljöer. Familjen i forandring i 18 og 1900-tallet. Rapporter till den XIX nordiske historikerkongress i Odense 1984, Vol. III (Odense, 1986), 57-8.
23. David Gaunt, 'Household typology: problems, methods, results', in Sune Akerman, Hans-Chr. Johansen and David Gaunt eds., Chance and Change (Odense, 1978); Christer Winberg, Folkökning och proletarisering (Lund, 1977); Ingrid Eriksson and John Rogers, 'Rural labor and population change', Studia Historica Upsaliensia 100 (Uppsala, 1978); Dirk Jaap Noordam, 'Liebe und Verburgerlichung in der holländischen Landfamilie', in Peter Borscheid and Hans J. Teuteberg eds., Ehe, Liebe, Tod. Studien zur Geschichte des Alttags (Münster, 1983), 290; Kertzer and Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern', 34-5; Martine Segalen, 'Mean age at marriage and kinship networks in a town under the influence of the metropolis: Nanterre 1800-1850', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 65-78; Jürgen Schlumbohm, 'From peasant society to class society : some aspects of family and class in a northwest German protoindustrial parish, seventeenth-nineteenth centuries', Journal of Family History 17: 2 (1992), 183-99; Eilert Sundt, Om Giftermål i Norge (first published 1866; Askim, 1967), 213, 225-7; Hans Norman and John Rogers, Familj och hushåll i förändrade produktionsmiljöer. Familjen i forandring i 18 og 1900-tallet. Rapporter till den XIX nordiske historikerkongress i Odense 1984, Vol. III (Odense, 1986), 57-8.
24. David Gaunt, 'Household typology: problems, methods, results', in Sune Akerman, Hans-Chr. Johansen and David Gaunt eds., Chance and Change (Odense, 1978); Christer Winberg, Folkökning och proletarisering (Lund, 1977); Ingrid Eriksson and John Rogers, 'Rural labor and population change', Studia Historica Upsaliensia 100 (Uppsala, 1978); Dirk Jaap Noordam, 'Liebe und Verburgerlichung in der holländischen Landfamilie', in Peter Borscheid and Hans J. Teuteberg eds., Ehe, Liebe, Tod. Studien zur Geschichte des Alttags (Münster, 1983), 290; Kertzer and Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern', 34-5; Martine Segalen, 'Mean age at marriage and kinship networks in a town under the influence of the metropolis: Nanterre 1800-1850', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 65-78; Jürgen Schlumbohm, 'From peasant society to class society : some aspects of family and class in a northwest German protoindustrial parish, seventeenth-nineteenth centuries', Journal of Family History 17: 2 (1992), 183-99; Eilert Sundt, Om Giftermål i Norge (first published 1866; Askim, 1967), 213, 225-7; Hans Norman and John Rogers, Familj och hushåll i förändrade produktionsmiljöer. Familjen i forandring i 18 og 1900-tallet. Rapporter till den XIX nordiske historikerkongress i Odense 1984, Vol. III (Odense, 1986), 57-8.
25. David Gaunt, 'Household typology: problems, methods, results', in Sune Akerman, Hans-Chr. Johansen and David Gaunt eds., Chance and Change (Odense, 1978); Christer Winberg, Folkökning och proletarisering (Lund, 1977); Ingrid Eriksson and John Rogers, 'Rural labor and population change', Studia Historica Upsaliensia 100 (Uppsala, 1978); Dirk Jaap Noordam, 'Liebe und Verburgerlichung in der holländischen Landfamilie', in Peter Borscheid and Hans J. Teuteberg eds., Ehe, Liebe, Tod. Studien zur Geschichte des Alttags (Münster, 1983), 290; Kertzer and Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern', 34-5; Martine Segalen, 'Mean age at marriage and kinship networks in a town under the influence of the metropolis: Nanterre 1800-1850', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 65-78; Jürgen Schlumbohm, 'From peasant society to class society : some aspects of family and class in a northwest German protoindustrial parish, seventeenth-nineteenth centuries', Journal of Family History 17: 2 (1992), 183-99; Eilert Sundt, Om Giftermål i Norge (first published 1866; Askim, 1967), 213, 225-7; Hans Norman and John Rogers, Familj och hushåll i förändrade produktionsmiljöer. Familjen i forandring i 18 og 1900-tallet. Rapporter till den XIX nordiske historikerkongress i Odense 1984, Vol. III (Odense, 1986), 57-8.
26. David Gaunt, 'Household typology: problems, methods, results', in Sune Akerman, Hans-Chr. Johansen and David Gaunt eds., Chance and Change (Odense, 1978); Christer Winberg, Folkökning och proletarisering (Lund, 1977); Ingrid Eriksson and John Rogers, 'Rural labor and population change', Studia Historica Upsaliensia 100 (Uppsala, 1978); Dirk Jaap Noordam, 'Liebe und Verburgerlichung in der holländischen Landfamilie', in Peter Borscheid and Hans J. Teuteberg eds., Ehe, Liebe, Tod. Studien zur Geschichte des Alttags (Münster, 1983), 290; Kertzer and Hogan, 'Reflections on the European marriage pattern', 34-5; Martine Segalen, 'Mean age at marriage and kinship networks in a town under the influence of the metropolis: Nanterre 1800-1850', Journal of Family History 16: 1 (1991), 65-78; Jürgen Schlumbohm, 'From peasant society to class society : some aspects of family and class in a northwest German protoindustrial parish, seventeenth-nineteenth centuries', Journal of Family History 17: 2 (1992), 183-99; Eilert Sundt, Om Giftermål i Norge (first published 1866; Askim, 1967), 213, 225-7; Hans Norman and John Rogers, Familj och hushåll i förändrade produktionsmiljöer. Familjen i forandring i 18 og 1900-tallet. Rapporter till den XIX nordiske historikerkongress i Odense 1984, Vol. III (Odense, 1986), 57-8.
27. Beatrice Moring, 'Geographic and social differences in age at marriage and fertility in Finland during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries', Scandinavian Population Studies 10 (1994).
28. Jaatinen, Atlas över skärgårds Finland (Helsinki, 1960), 23; Beatrice Moring, 'Befolkning och ekonomi i Skärgårdshavet-Socknarna Kumlinge, Brändö, Iniö, Korpo och Houtskär under 1660-talet och 1700-talets första hälft', unpublished Lic. phil. thesis, University of Helsinki, 1985), 13; J. Tengström, Afhandling om presterliga tjenstgöringen och aflöningen i Åbo Erkestift II (Åbo, 1821), 184.
29. Jaatinen, Atlas över skärgårds Finland (Helsinki, 1960), 23; Beatrice Moring, 'Befolkning och ekonomi i Skärgårdshavet-Socknarna Kumlinge, Brändö, Iniö, Korpo och Houtskär under 1660-talet och 1700-talets första hälft', unpublished Lic. phil. thesis, University of Helsinki, 1985), 13; J. Tengström, Afhandling om presterliga tjenstgöringen och aflöningen i Åbo Erkestift II (Åbo, 1821), 184.
30. Jaatinen, Atlas över skärgårds Finland (Helsinki, 1960), 23; Beatrice Moring, 'Befolkning och ekonomi i Skärgårdshavet-Socknarna Kumlinge, Brändö, Iniö, Korpo och Houtskär under 1660-talet och 1700-talets första hälft', unpublished Lic. phil. thesis, University of Helsinki, 1985), 13; J. Tengström, Afhandling om presterliga tjenstgöringen och aflöningen i Åbo Erkestift II (Åbo, 1821), 184.
31. Aulis O. Aarnio, 'Perimysjärjestelyt maanomistusolojen kannalta', in Pia Letto-Vanamo ed., Suomen oikeushistorian pääpürteet (Helsinki, 1990), 43-65; Anu Pylkkänen, Puoli vuodetta, lukot ja avaimet (Helsinki, 1990), 161; Moring, 'Befolking och ekonomi', 135.
32. Aulis O. Aarnio, 'Perimysjärjestelyt maanomistusolojen kannalta', in Pia Letto-Vanamo ed., Suomen oikeushistorian pääpürteet (Helsinki, 1990), 43-65; Anu Pylkkänen, Puoli vuodetta, lukot ja avaimet (Helsinki, 1990), 161; Moring, 'Befolking och ekonomi', 135.
33. Aulis O. Aarnio, 'Perimysjärjestelyt maanomistusolojen kannalta', in Pia Letto-Vanamo ed., Suomen oikeushistorian pääpürteet (Helsinki, 1990), 43-65; Anu Pylkkänen, Puoli vuodetta, lukot ja avaimet (Helsinki, 1990), 161; Moring, 'Befolking och ekonomi', 135.
34. Yrjö Kaukiainen, 'Suomen asuttaminen', Suomen Taloushistoria I (Helsinki, 1980), 11-146; Nils Friberg, Stockholm i Bottniska farvatten (Uppsala, 1983), 413.
35. Yrjö Kaukiainen, 'Suomen asuttaminen', Suomen Taloushistoria I (Helsinki, 1980), 11-146; Nils Friberg, Stockholm i Bottniska farvatten (Uppsala, 1983), 413.
36. C. C. Böcker, 'Statistical survey of the economic situation in the Finnish countryside', unpublished, 1834, the National Archives of Finland; John Gardberg, 'Hushâllning och byväsen kring norra delen av Skiftet', in Skärgärdsboken (Helsinki, 1948), 552-60; Jaatinen, Atlas över skärgårds Finland, 81; E. A. Virtanen, 'Yhteisten laidunsaarien kansanomaisesta omistuksesta ja käytöstä Varsinais-Suomen kylissä', Varsinais-Suomen Maakuntakirja 4 (Turku, 1931), 76, 83; L. W. Fagerlund, Anteckningar om Korpo och Houtskärs socknar (Helsinki, 1878), 67-8.
37. C. C. Böcker, 'Statistical survey of the economic situation in the Finnish countryside', unpublished, 1834, the National Archives of Finland; John Gardberg, 'Hushâllning och byväsen kring norra delen av Skiftet', in Skärgärdsboken (Helsinki, 1948), 552-60; Jaatinen, Atlas över skärgårds Finland, 81; E. A. Virtanen, 'Yhteisten laidunsaarien kansanomaisesta omistuksesta ja käytöstä Varsinais-Suomen kylissä', Varsinais-Suomen Maakuntakirja 4 (Turku, 1931), 76, 83; L. W. Fagerlund, Anteckningar om Korpo och Houtskärs socknar (Helsinki, 1878), 67-8.
38. C. C. Böcker, 'Statistical survey of the economic situation in the Finnish countryside', unpublished, 1834, the National Archives of Finland; John Gardberg, 'Hushâllning och byväsen kring norra delen av Skiftet', in Skärgärdsboken (Helsinki, 1948), 552-60; Jaatinen, Atlas över skärgårds Finland, 81; E. A. Virtanen, 'Yhteisten laidunsaarien kansanomaisesta omistuksesta ja käytöstä Varsinais-Suomen kylissä', Varsinais-Suomen Maakuntakirja 4 (Turku, 1931), 76, 83; L. W. Fagerlund, Anteckningar om Korpo och Houtskärs socknar (Helsinki, 1878), 67-8.
39. C. C. Böcker, 'Statistical survey of the economic situation in the Finnish countryside', unpublished, 1834, the National Archives of Finland; John Gardberg, 'Hushâllning och byväsen kring norra delen av Skiftet', in Skärgärdsboken (Helsinki, 1948), 552-60; Jaatinen, Atlas över skärgårds Finland, 81; E. A. Virtanen, 'Yhteisten laidunsaarien kansanomaisesta omistuksesta ja käytöstä Varsinais-Suomen kylissä', Varsinais-Suomen Maakuntakirja 4 (Turku, 1931), 76, 83; L. W. Fagerlund, Anteckningar om Korpo och Houtskärs socknar (Helsinki, 1878), 67-8.
40. C. C. Böcker, 'Statistical survey of the economic situation in the Finnish countryside', unpublished, 1834, the National Archives of Finland; John Gardberg, 'Hushâllning och byväsen kring norra delen av Skiftet', in Skärgärdsboken (Helsinki, 1948), 552-60; Jaatinen, Atlas över skärgårds Finland, 81; E. A. Virtanen, 'Yhteisten laidunsaarien kansanomaisesta omistuksesta ja käytöstä Varsinais-Suomen kylissä', Varsinais-Suomen Maakuntakirja 4 (Turku, 1931), 76, 83; L. W. Fagerlund, Anteckningar om Korpo och Houtskärs socknar (Helsinki, 1878), 67-8.
41. E. A. Virtanen, 'Kyläyhteiskunta ennen isoajakoa', Suomen Kulttuurihistoria II (Provoo, 1934), 417-28; Virtanen, Suomalaista tapaokeutta (Helsinki, 1949), 27-33, 41-6; Beatrice Moring, 'Jnför havets anlete-familj, hushåll och överlevnadsstrategier vid Finlands kust', in Panu Pulma ed., Den problematiskafamiljen (Helsinki, 1991), 163.
42. E. A. Virtanen, 'Kyläyhteiskunta ennen isoajakoa', Suomen Kulttuurihistoria II (Provoo, 1934), 417-28; Virtanen, Suomalaista tapaokeutta (Helsinki, 1949), 27-33, 41-6; Beatrice Moring, 'Jnför havets anlete-familj, hushåll och överlevnadsstrategier vid Finlands kust', in Panu Pulma ed., Den problematiskafamiljen (Helsinki, 1991), 163.
43. E. A. Virtanen, 'Kyläyhteiskunta ennen isoajakoa', Suomen Kulttuurihistoria II (Provoo, 1934), 417-28; Virtanen, Suomalaista tapaokeutta (Helsinki, 1949), 27-33, 41-6; Beatrice Moring, 'Jnför havets anlete-familj, hushåll och överlevnadsstrategier vid Finlands kust', in Panu Pulma ed., Den problematiskafamiljen (Helsinki, 1991), 163.
44. Gardberg, 'Hushållning och byväsen', 557-62; Edvard Gylling, Suomen torpparilaitoksenkehityksen pääpiirteet (Helsinki, 1909), 53, 92, 166-71; Eino Jutikkala, Suomen talonpojan historia (Turku, 1958), 227-30, 238-41.
45. Gardberg, 'Hushållning och byväsen', 557-62; Edvard Gylling, Suomen torpparilaitoksenkehityksen pääpiirteet (Helsinki, 1909), 53, 92, 166-71; Eino Jutikkala, Suomen talonpojan historia (Turku, 1958), 227-30, 238-41.
46. Gardberg, 'Hushållning och byväsen', 557-62; Edvard Gylling, Suomen torpparilaitoksenkehityksen pääpiirteet (Helsinki, 1909), 53, 92, 166-71; Eino Jutikkala, Suomen talonpojan historia (Turku, 1958), 227-30, 238-41.
47. Ragna Ahlbäck, 'Kökar - Näringslivet och dess organisation i en utskärssocken', Folklivsstudier IV (Helsinki, 1955), 84, 96, 129-32; Sven Andersson, Åländskt skärgärdsliv (Helsinki, 1945), 121-33; Anders Forsberg, 'Alands strömmingsfiske', Fiskeritidskrift för Finland (1895), 6-7; Karl Nordberg, En öst-åländsk skärgårdsby (Åbo, 1924), 83-4, 55-6; Nils Storå, 'Östaländskt krokskötsfiske', Folk-Liv 1967-69, 23-9; Beatrice Moring, Skärgårdsbor - Hushåll, familj och demografi i finländsk kustbygd. Bidrag till kännedom av Finlands natur och folk, 145 (Helsinki, 1994), 34-40.
48. Ragna Ahlbäck, 'Kökar - Näringslivet och dess organisation i en utskärssocken', Folklivsstudier IV (Helsinki, 1955), 84, 96, 129-32; Sven Andersson, Åländskt skärgärdsliv (Helsinki, 1945), 121-33; Anders Forsberg, 'Alands strömmingsfiske', Fiskeritidskrift för Finland (1895), 6-7; Karl Nordberg, En öst-åländsk skärgårdsby (Åbo, 1924), 83-4, 55-6; Nils Storå, 'Östaländskt krokskötsfiske', Folk-Liv 1967-69, 23-9; Beatrice Moring, Skärgårdsbor - Hushåll, familj och demografi i finländsk kustbygd. Bidrag till kännedom av Finlands natur och folk, 145 (Helsinki, 1994), 34-40.
49. Ragna Ahlbäck, 'Kökar - Näringslivet och dess organisation i en utskärssocken', Folklivsstudier IV (Helsinki, 1955), 84, 96, 129-32; Sven Andersson, Åländskt skärgärdsliv (Helsinki, 1945), 121-33; Anders Forsberg, 'Alands strömmingsfiske', Fiskeritidskrift för Finland (1895), 6-7; Karl Nordberg, En öst-åländsk skärgårdsby (Åbo, 1924), 83-4, 55-6; Nils Storå, 'Östaländskt krokskötsfiske', Folk-Liv 1967-69, 23-9; Beatrice Moring, Skärgårdsbor - Hushåll, familj och demografi i finländsk kustbygd. Bidrag till kännedom av Finlands natur och folk, 145 (Helsinki, 1994), 34-40.
50. Ragna Ahlbäck, 'Kökar - Näringslivet och dess organisation i en utskärssocken', Folklivsstudier IV (Helsinki, 1955), 84, 96, 129-32; Sven Andersson, Åländskt skärgärdsliv (Helsinki, 1945), 121-33; Anders Forsberg, 'Alands strömmingsfiske', Fiskeritidskrift för Finland (1895), 6-7; Karl Nordberg, En öst-åländsk skärgårdsby (Åbo, 1924), 83-4, 55-6; Nils Storå, 'Östaländskt krokskötsfiske', Folk-Liv 1967-69, 23-9; Beatrice Moring, Skärgårdsbor - Hushåll, familj och demografi i finländsk kustbygd. Bidrag till kännedom av Finlands natur och folk, 145 (Helsinki, 1994), 34-40.
51. Ragna Ahlbäck, 'Kökar - Näringslivet och dess organisation i en utskärssocken', Folklivsstudier IV (Helsinki, 1955), 84, 96, 129-32; Sven Andersson, Åländskt skärgärdsliv (Helsinki, 1945), 121-33; Anders Forsberg, 'Alands strömmingsfiske', Fiskeritidskrift för Finland (1895), 6-7; Karl Nordberg, En öst-åländsk skärgårdsby (Åbo, 1924), 83-4, 55-6; Nils Storå, 'Östaländskt krokskötsfiske', Folk-Liv 1967-69, 23-9; Beatrice Moring, Skärgårdsbor - Hushåll, familj och demografi i finländsk kustbygd. Bidrag till kännedom av Finlands natur och folk, 145 (Helsinki, 1994), 34-40.
52. Ragna Ahlbäck, 'Kökar - Näringslivet och dess organisation i en utskärssocken', Folklivsstudier IV (Helsinki, 1955), 84, 96, 129-32; Sven Andersson, Åländskt skärgärdsliv (Helsinki, 1945), 121-33; Anders Forsberg, 'Alands strömmingsfiske', Fiskeritidskrift för Finland (1895), 6-7; Karl Nordberg, En öst-åländsk skärgårdsby (Åbo, 1924), 83-4, 55-6; Nils Storå, 'Östaländskt krokskötsfiske', Folk-Liv 1967-69, 23-9; Beatrice Moring, Skärgårdsbor - Hushåll, familj och demografi i finländsk kustbygd. Bidrag till kännedom av Finlands natur och folk, 145 (Helsinki, 1994), 34-40.
53. Moring, Skärgårdsbor, 57-8, 61-3.
54. Ibid., 56-7. Boatmen served in the navy and were paid in kind, seeing active service in wartime but otherwise simply subject to annual inspection and training.
55. Ibid., 100, 104-5.
56. Levine, Family formation, 93-4, 114-15.
57. The social positions of the fathers of 28 men and 21 women were unknown and this group has been excluded from the table.
58. Toivo Nygård, Suomen palvelusväki 1600-luvulla. Palkollisten määrä, työ, palkkaus ja suhteet isäntäväkeen (Helsinki, 1989).
59. Charles Tilly, 'Demographic origins of the European proletariat', in Levine ed., Proletarianization and family history (New York, 1984) 10, 38-41, 47, 51-4.
60. Winberg, Fokökning och proletarisering, 157-90, 265-6, 302-5, 308.
61. Moring, Skärgårdsbor, 95.
62. The age at marriage of migrants also rose. The mean age at marriage of migrants born 1742-1752 was 25.3 for men and 25.7 for women, compared with 26.8 for migrants for both sexes from the cohort born 1817-1825.
63. Moring, Skärgardsbor, 78, 95, 135.
64. Paolo Viazzo, Upland communities: environment, population and social structure in the Alps since the sixteenth century (Cambridge, 1989).