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Volumn 69, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 71-87

Economic implications of the U.S.-ASEAN discourse on human rights

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEMOCRATISATION; DEVELOPING REGION; ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION; GEOPOLITICAL RELATIONS; HUMAN RIGHTS; TRADE RELATIONS;

EID: 0030456283     PISSN: 0030851X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2760874     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (4)

References (44)
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    • Southeast Asian exports to the United States, already by far the world's leading importer, increased by 8.6% in 1993. Moreover, the types of goods imported by the U.S. and other western industrial countries correspond more closely to the types of goods produced for export by ASEAN members than do the imports of other less developed countries. See Asia Yearbook 1994 (Review Publishing, 1994), pp. 26-28. From 1985 to 1992 the share of exports directed to the U.S.A. increased for Southeast Asia as a whole, and Indonesia was the only country showing a decline in this Statistic (Asian Development Outlook 1994 [Manila: Asian Development Bank, 1994], p. 242).
    • (1994) Asia Yearbook 1994 , pp. 26-28
  • 2
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    • Manila: Asian Development Bank
    • Southeast Asian exports to the United States, already by far the world's leading importer, increased by 8.6% in 1993. Moreover, the types of goods imported by the U.S. and other western industrial countries correspond more closely to the types of goods produced for export by ASEAN members than do the imports of other less developed countries. See Asia Yearbook 1994 (Review Publishing, 1994), pp. 26-28. From 1985 to 1992 the share of exports directed to the U.S.A. increased for Southeast Asia as a whole, and Indonesia was the only country showing a decline in this Statistic (Asian Development Outlook 1994 [Manila: Asian Development Bank, 1994], p. 242).
    • (1994) Asian Development Outlook 1994 , pp. 242
  • 3
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    • Collision Course
    • February 3
    • These dynamics are the focus of Susumu Awanohara's analysis of disagreements within the U.S. political system about policies toward human rights in Asia in "Collision Course," Far Eastern Economic Review, February 3, 1994, pp. 18-20.
    • (1994) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 18-20
  • 4
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    • National Labor Group Targets Retailers on Standards at Latin American Plants
    • July 11
    • Joyce Barrett, "National Labor Group Targets Retailers on Standards at Latin American Plants," Women's Wear Daily, July 11, 1995, p. 9. See also Bob Ortega, "Broken Rules," Wall Street Journal, July 3, 1995. p. A1.
    • (1995) Women's Wear Daily , pp. 9
    • Barrett, J.1
  • 5
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    • Broken Rules
    • July 3
    • Joyce Barrett, "National Labor Group Targets Retailers on Standards at Latin American Plants," Women's Wear Daily, July 11, 1995, p. 9. See also Bob Ortega, "Broken Rules," Wall Street Journal, July 3, 1995. p. A1.
    • (1995) Wall Street Journal
    • Ortega, B.1
  • 6
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    • Legacy of Fear
    • July 27
    • Of course, relaxation of persecution of one dissident may not signal a general improvement in human rights policies; and in Burma the opposite appears to be the case according to Bertil Lintner, "Legacy of Fear," Far Eastern Economic Review, July 27, 1995, p. 23. Since her release, Aung San Suu Syi herself has questioned ASEAN's constructive engagement approach (interview in the Thai English language newspaper "The Nation," as reported by Dan Robinson in "Indonesia-L" electronic news-letter, July 31, 1995).
    • (1995) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 23
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  • 7
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    • Bosnia and the West
    • September 7
    • To be sure, this point is debatable. It is clear from the remarkable submission to the Far Eastern Economic Review from Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad that he at least believes that "western leaders" could without difficulty have prevented the tragic events in the former Yugoslavia. ("Bosnia and The West," Far Eastern Economic Review, September 7, 1995, p. 38).
    • (1995) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 38
  • 8
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    • The Pacific Century
    • June 2
    • "The Pacific Century," Far Eastern Economic Review, June 2, 1994, p. 20.
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    • LA Cops Bust Sweatshop, Liberate Thai Workers
    • August 4
    • "LA Cops Bust Sweatshop, Liberate Thai Workers," Women's Wear Daily, August 4, 1994, p. 2.
    • (1994) Women's Wear Daily , pp. 2
  • 10
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    • U.S. Role on Human Rights Reversed
    • June 22
    • However, the Far Eastern Economic Review did summarize the report. The Review's columnist editorialized that, "As the champion of human rights in the world, the U.S. should set an example and show the rest of the world how to live up to the provisions of the international covenant, not how to get around them" (Frank Ching, "U.S. Role on Human Rights Reversed," Far Eastern Economic Review, June 22, 1995, p. 40).
    • (1995) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 40
    • Ching, F.1
  • 11
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    • Prison Labor, Prison Blues
    • March/April
    • "Prison Labor, Prison Blues," Label Letter (March/April 1995), p. 1.
    • (1995) Label Letter , pp. 1
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    • July 18
    • See the Straits Times, July 18, 1995, p. 1.
    • (1995) Straits Times , pp. 1
  • 14
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    • Singapore: Federal Publications
    • C. V. Devan Nair, ed., Socialism That Works. . .the Singapore Way (Singapore: Federal Publications, 1976). The volume reacted to left-wing socialism and its advocacy of matters more far flung than, but including, human rights.
    • (1976) Socialism That Works. . .The Singapore Way
    • Devan Nair, C.V.1
  • 15
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    • Human Rights in Singapore: Perceptions and Problems
    • November
    • Melanie Chew, "Human Rights in Singapore: Perceptions and Problems," Asian Survey (November, 1994), pp. 933-48. For a more official and diplomatic expression of Singaporean views, see Bilahari Kausikan, "Asia's Different Standard,"Foreign Policy, vol. 92 (Fall 1993), pp. 24-41.
    • (1994) Asian Survey , pp. 933-948
    • Chew, M.1
  • 16
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    • Asia's Different Standard
    • Fall
    • Melanie Chew, "Human Rights in Singapore: Perceptions and Problems," Asian Survey (November, 1994), pp. 933-48. For a more official and diplomatic expression of Singaporean views, see Bilahari Kausikan, "Asia's Different Standard,"Foreign Policy, vol. 92 (Fall 1993), pp. 24-41.
    • (1993) Foreign Policy , vol.92 , pp. 24-41
    • Kausikan, B.1
  • 17
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    • The Philippines in 1992: Ready to Take Off?
    • February
    • Alex B. Brillantes, Jr., "The Philippines in 1992: Ready to Take Off?" Asian Survey (February 1993), p. 228. Not so incidentally, Kausikan cites post-Marcos Philippines as evidence that excessive democracy leads to lawlessness and economic failure (Kausikan, "Asia's Different Standard," p. 35). Southeast Asian elites outside the Philippines were especially troubled by events in Manila in February 1986, during which "people power" was manifested in massive and successful political action in the streets.
    • (1993) Asian Survey , pp. 228
    • Brillantes Jr., A.B.1
  • 18
    • 0040928702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alex B. Brillantes, Jr., "The Philippines in 1992: Ready to Take Off?" Asian Survey (February 1993), p. 228. Not so incidentally, Kausikan cites post-Marcos Philippines as evidence that excessive democracy leads to lawlessness and economic failure (Kausikan, "Asia's Different Standard," p. 35). Southeast Asian elites outside the Philippines were especially troubled by events in Manila in February 1986, during which "people power" was manifested in massive and successful political action in the streets.
    • Asia's Different Standard , pp. 35
    • Kausikan1
  • 19
    • 6244234528 scopus 로고
    • Executed Maid Hailed as Heroine
    • March 19
    • "Executed Maid Hailed as Heroine," Champaign-Urbana News-Gazette, March 19, 1995, p. A6. Any misconception that this is an isolated problem should be laid to rest by F. Landa Jocano's article, "Culture Shock: The Case of Filipina Domestic Helpers in Singapore and Hong Kong," Solidarity (Manila) (July-December 1994), pp. 61-66.
    • (1995) Champaign-Urbana News-Gazette
  • 20
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    • Culture Shock: The Case of Filipina Domestic Helpers in Singapore and Hong Kong
    • (Manila) July-December
    • "Executed Maid Hailed as Heroine," Champaign-Urbana News-Gazette, March 19, 1995, p. A6. Any misconception that this is an isolated problem should be laid to rest by F. Landa Jocano's article, "Culture Shock: The Case of Filipina Domestic Helpers in Singapore and Hong Kong," Solidarity (Manila) (July-December 1994), pp. 61-66.
    • (1994) Solidarity , pp. 61-66
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    • Clinton's Call for Pacific Harmony Meets a Chorus of Criticism from Asians
    • May 2
    • David E. Sanger, "Clinton's Call for Pacific Harmony Meets a Chorus of Criticism from Asians," New York Times, May 2, 1994, p. A10.
    • (1994) New York Times
    • Sanger, D.E.1
  • 26
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    • A Conversation with Lee Kuan Yew
    • March/April
    • Michael Haas, The Asian Way to Peace: A Story of Regional Cooperation (New York: Praeger, 1989). Also see Fareed Zakaria, "A Conversation with Lee Kuan Yew," Foreign Affairs (March/April), 1994, pp. 109-26.
    • (1994) Foreign Affairs , pp. 109-126
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    • Asia's Welfare: Learning from the West's Forgotten Values
    • June 23
    • "Asia's Welfare: Learning from the West's Forgotten Values," Far Eastern Economic Review, June 23, 1994, p. 5.
    • (1994) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 5
  • 28
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    • Asian Style Democracy
    • November
    • Clark D. Neher, "Asian Style Democracy," Asian Survey, (November 1994), p. 954. Neher's analysis provides an overview of the human rights discourse in the context of broader political and philosophical considerations.
    • (1994) Asian Survey , pp. 954
    • Neher, C.D.1
  • 29
    • 6244244222 scopus 로고
    • Labor Rights in the Marsinah Case
    • New York: Human Rights Watch, especially ch. 4
    • Human Rights Watch/Asia, The Limits of Openness: Human Rights in Indonesia and East Timor (New York: Human Rights Watch, 1994), especially ch. 4, "Labor Rights in the Marsinah Case."
    • (1994) The Limits of Openness: Human Rights in Indonesia and East Timor
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    • Levi Strauss & Co.: Global Sourcing (A)
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    • For an account of the process leading to Levi Strauss and Company's seminal application of "global sourcing guidelines" to the company's business relationships in Asia, see "Levi Strauss & Co.: Global Sourcing (A)," Harvard Business School Case No. 9, 395-127 (Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing, November 29, 1994).
    • (1994) Harvard Business School Case No. 9 , pp. 395-1127
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    • Broken Rules
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    • See Bob Ortega, "Broken Rules," Wall Street Journal, July 3, 1995, p. A1. A follow-up study is found in Pascal Zachary, "Levi Tries to Make Sure Contract Plants in Asia Treat Workers Well," Wall Street Journal, July 28, 1995, p. A1.
    • (1995) Wall Street Journal
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  • 32
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    • Levi Tries to Make Sure Contract Plants in Asia Treat Workers Well
    • July 28
    • See Bob Ortega, "Broken Rules," Wall Street Journal, July 3, 1995, p. A1. A follow-up study is found in Pascal Zachary, "Levi Tries to Make Sure Contract Plants in Asia Treat Workers Well," Wall Street Journal, July 28, 1995, p. A1.
    • (1995) Wall Street Journal
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  • 33
    • 84937287783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catching the Wave
    • February 16
    • Official promotion by Singapore state authorities of private investment in Burma is described in Michael Vatikiotis, "Catching the Wave," Far Eastern Economic Review, February 16, 1996, pp. 48-51.
    • (1996) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 48-51
    • Vatikiotis, M.1
  • 35
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    • Press Muffles Sourcing Outcry
    • December 19
    • "Press Muffles Sourcing Outcry," Women's Wear Daily, December 19, 1994, p. 16. For an account of the pressure created by such activities on Unocal, as well as recent congressional initiatives supporting stronger U.S. government sanctions, see Michael Vatikiotis, "Talking Tough," Far Eastern Economic Review, July 13, 1995, p. 65.
    • (1994) Women's Wear Daily , pp. 16
  • 36
    • 6244278490 scopus 로고
    • Talking Tough
    • July 13
    • "Press Muffles Sourcing Outcry," Women's Wear Daily, December 19, 1994, p. 16. For an account of the pressure created by such activities on Unocal, as well as recent congressional initiatives supporting stronger U.S. government sanctions, see Michael Vatikiotis, "Talking Tough," Far Eastern Economic Review, July 13, 1995, p. 65.
    • (1995) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 65
    • Vatikiotis, M.1
  • 40
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    • Buying Clothes Without Exploiting Children
    • August 4
    • See Bob Hebert, "Buying Clothes Without Exploiting Children," New York Times, August 4, 1995, p. A15.
    • (1995) New York Times
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  • 41
    • 1942542836 scopus 로고
    • USITC Publication 2796, Washington, D.C.: USITC
    • The broad multilateral framework within which these measures now are situated is a product of the Uruguay Round trade negotiations concluded in December, 1993. For a summary see United States International Trade Commission, The Year in Trade: Operation of the Trade Agreements Program, USITC Publication 2796, (Washington, D.C.: USITC, 1994), pp. 24-28.
    • (1994) The Year in Trade: Operation of the Trade Agreements Program , pp. 24-28
  • 42
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    • Government Does Nothing but Talk about Minimum Wage Compliance
    • April 16
    • This failure is notwithstanding the fact that minimum wages in Indonesia generally are no more than $2 per day, often closer to $1. See "Government Does Nothing but Talk About Minimum Wage Compliance," Indonesian Business Weekly, April 16, 1993, p. 48.
    • (1993) Indonesian Business Weekly , pp. 48
  • 44
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    • Going Regional
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    • Michael Vatikiotis, "Going Regional," Far Eastern Economic Review, October 20, 1994, p. 16. This report includes descriptions of coordinated governmental responses as well as transnational human rights advocacy.
    • (1994) Far Eastern Economic Review , pp. 16
    • Vatikiotis, M.1


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