Plio-pleistocene palaeogeography of the southern North Sea basin (3.75-0.60 Ma)

Quaternary Science Reviews

Volumn 15, Issue 5-6, 1996, Pages 391-405

  Funnell, Brian M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030456070     PISSN: 02773791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0277-3791(96)00022-4     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Andrew, R. and West, R.G. (1977). Pollen spectra from the Pliocene Crag at Orford, Suffolk. New Phytologist, 78, 709-714.
2. Balson, P.S., Mathers, S.J. and Zalasiewicz, J.A. (1993). The lithostratigraphy of the Coralline Crag (Pliocene) of Suffolk. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 104, 59-70.
3. Beck, R.B., Funnell, B.M. and Lord, A.R. (1972). Correlation of Lower Pleistocene Crag at depth in Suffolk. Geological Magazine, 109, 137-139.
4. Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V. and Van Couvering, J. (1985). In: Snelling, N.J. (ed.), The Chronology of the Geological Record, pp. 211-260. Geological Society London Memoir.
5. Bridgland, D.R. (1994). Quaternary of the Thames. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, The Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 7, Chapman and Hall, London, 441 pp.
6. Bridgland, D.R., Gibbard, P.L. and Preece, R.C. (1990). The geology and significance of the interglacial sediments at Little Oakley, Essex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B328, 307-339.
7. Bristow, C.R. (1983). The stratigraphy and structure of the Crag of mid-Suffolk, England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 94, 1-12.
8. British Geological Survey (1993). 1:250,000 Series. Quaternary Geology. East Anglia: Sheet 52°N 00°E.
9. Cambridge, P.G. (1977). Whatever happened to the Boytonian? A review of the marine Plio-Pleistocene of the southern North Sea. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Norfolk, 29, 23-45.
10. Cameron, T.D.J., Bonny, A.P., Gregory, D.M. and Harland, R. (1984). Lower Pleistocene dinoflagellate cyst, foraminiferal and pollen assemblages in four boreholes in the southern North Sea. Geological Magazine, 121, 85-97.
11. Cameron, T.D.J., Laban, C. and Schüttenhelm, R.T.E. (1986), 1:250,000 series. Quaternary Geology. Indefatigable: Sheet 53°N/02°E. British Geological Survey and Geological Survey of The Netherlands.
12. Cameron, T.D.J., Stocker, M.S. and Long, D. (1987). The history of Quaternary sedimentation in the U.K. Sector of the North Sea Basin. Journal of the Geological Society, 144, 43-58.
13. Cameron, T.D.J., Laban, C. and Schüttenhelm, R.T.E. (1989). Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene stratigraphy in the Southern Bight of the North Sea. In: Henriet, J.P. and De Moor, G. (eds), The Quaternary and Tertiary Geology of the Southern Bight, North Sea, pp. 97-110. Belgian Geological Survey, Brussels.
14. Cameron, T.D.J., Crosby, A., Balson, P.S., Jeffery, D.H., Lott, G.K., Bulat, J. and Harrison, D.J. (1992). United Kingdom Offshore Regional Report: the Geology of the Southern North Sea. H.M.S.O. for the British Geological Survey, London, 152 pp.
15. Charlesworth, E. (1835). Observations on the Crag Formation and its organic remains: with a view to establishing a division of the Tertiary strata overlying the London Clay in Suffolk. London, Edinburgh, Dublin Philosophical Magazine, series 3, 7, 81-94.
16. Chatwin, C.P. (1927). Fossils from the ironsands on Netley Heath (Surrey). Memoirs of the Geological Survey. Summary of Progress for, 1926, 154-157.
17. Curry, D., Adams, C.G., Boulter, M.C., Dilley, F.C., Eames, F.E., Funnell, B.M. and Wells, M.K. (1978). A correlation of Tertiary rocks in the British Isles. Geological Society of London, Special Report, 12, 72 pp.
18. Dines, H.G. and Chatwin, C.P. (1930). Pliocene sandstone from Rothamsted (Hertfordshire). Memoirs of the Geological Survey. Summary of Progress for, 1929, 1-7.
19. Dixon, R.G. (1979). Sedimentary facies in the Red Crag (Lower Pleistocene, East Anglia). Proceedings of the Geologists Association, 90, 117-132.
20. Doppert, J.W.Chr. (1980). Lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of marine Neogene deposits in The Netherlands. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 31, 257-311.
21. Doppert, J.W.Chr. (1985). Foraminifera from the Coralline Crag of Suffolk. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Norfolk, 35, 47-51.
22. Doppert, J.W.Chr., Laga, P.G. and De Meuter, F.J. (1979). Correlation of the biostratigraphy of marine Neogene deposits, based on benthonic Foraminifera, established in Belgium and The Netherlands. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 31, 1-8.
23. Doppert, J.W., Ruegg, G.H.J., Staalduinen, C.J. van, Zagwijn, W.H. and Zandstra, J.G. (1975). 2. Lithostratigrafie. 2.1. Formaties van het Kwartair en Boven- Tertair in Nederland. In: Zagwijn, W.H. and Staalduinen, C.J. van (eds), Toelichting Bij Geologische Overzichtskaarten van Nederland, pp. 11-56. Rijks Geologische Dienst, Haarlem.
24. Funnell, B.M. (1961a). The climatic and stratigraphie significance of the early Pleistocene foraminifera of the North Sea Basin. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, 325 pp.
25. Funnell, B.M. (1961b). The Palaeogene and Early Pleistocene of Norfolk. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 19, 340-364.
26. Funnell, B.M. (1972). The History of the North Sea. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Norfolk, 21, 2-10.
27. Funnell, B.M. (1987). Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene stages of East Anglia and the adjacent North Sea. Quaternary Newsletter, 52, 1-11.
28. Funnell, B.M. (1991). Palaeogeographical maps of the southern North Sea Basin: Pliocene (Coralline Crag) to Anglian (Lowestoft Till). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Norfolk, 41, 53-66.
29. Funnell, B.M. (1995). Global sea-level and the (pen-)insularity of late Cenozoic Britain. In: Preece, R.C. (ed.), Island Britain: a Quaternary perspective, pp. 3-13. Geological Society, Special Publication, 96, London.
30. Funnell, B.M., Norton, P.E.P. and West, R.G. (1979). The Crag at Bramerton, near Norwich, Norfolk. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B287, 489-534.
31. Funnell, B.M. and West, R.G. (1962). The Early Pleistocene of Easton Bavents, Suffolk. Journal of the Geological Quarterly Society of London, 118, 125-141.
32. Funnell, B.M. and West, R.G. (1977). Preglacial Pleistocene deposits of East Anglia. In: Shotton, F.W. (ed.), British Quaternary Studies: Recent Advances, pp. 247-265. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
33. Gibbard, P.L. (1989). The geomorphology of a part of the Middle Thames forty years on: a reappraisal of the work of F. Kenneth Hare. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 100, 481-503.
34. Gibbard, P.L. and Peglar, S.M. (1988). Rockhall Wood: pollen analysis. In: Gibbard, P.L. and Zalasiewicz, J.A. (eds), Pliocene-Middle Pleistocene of East Anglia, pp. 71-72. Field Guide. Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge.
35. Gibbard, P.L., West, R.G., Zagwijn, W.H., Balson, P.S., Burger, A.W., Funnell, B.M., Jeffery, D.H., De Jong, J., Van Kolfschoten, T., Lister, A.M., Meijer, T., Norton, P.E.P., Preece, R.C., Rose, J., Stuart, A.J., Whiteman, C.A. and Zalasiewicz, J.A. (1991). Early and Early-Middle Pleistocene correlations in the southern North Sea Basin. Quaternary Science Reviews, 10, 23-52.
36. Hallam, D.F. (1995). Ph.D. thesis, University of East Anglia, 325 pp.
37. Hallam, D.F. and Maher, B.A. (1994). A record of reversed polarity carried by the iron sulphide greigite in British early Pleistocene sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 121, 71-80.
38. Hamblin, R.J.O. and Moorlock, B.S.P. (1995). The Kesgrave and Bytham sands and gravels of eastern Suffolk. Quaternary Newsletter, 77, 17-31.
39. Harmer, F.W. (1900). The Pliocene deposits of the east of England. Part II, the Crag of Essex (Waltonian) and its relation to that of Suffolk and Norfolk. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 56, 705-744.
40. Harmer, F.W. (1902). A sketch of the later tertiary history of East Anglia. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 17, 416-479.
41. Hodgson, G.E. (1989). Microfacies of the Late Cenozoic southern North Sea. Ph.D. thesis, University of East Anglia, 431 pp.
42. Hodgson, G.E. and Funnell, B.M. (1987). Foraminiferal biofacies of the early Pliocene Coralline Crag. In: Hart, M.B. (ed.), Micropalaeontology of Carbonate Environments, pp. 44-73. Ellis Horwood, Chichester.
43. Hunt, C.O. (1989). The palynology and correlation of the Walton Crag (Red Crag Formation, Pliocene). Journal of the Geological Society of London, 146, 743-745.
44. Jeffery, D.H. and Long, D. (1989). Early Pleistocene sedimentation and geographic change in the UK sector of the North Sea. Terra Abstracts, 1, 425.
45. Jenkins, D.G., Curry, D., Funnell, B.M. and Whittaker, J.E. (1988). Planktonic foraminifera from the Pliocene Coralline Crag of Suffolk, England. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 7, 1-10.
46. Jenkins, D.G. and Houghton, S.D. (1987). Age, correlation and palaeoecology of the St Erth Beds and the Coralline Crag of England. Mededelingen van de Werkgroep voor Tertiaire en Kwartaire Geologie, 24, 147-156.
47. John, D.T. and Fisher, P.F. (1984). The stratigraphy and geomorphological significance of the Red Crag fossils at Netley Heath, Surrey: a review and re-appraisal. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 95, 235-247.
48. Laban, C. (1995). The Pleistocene glaciations in the Dutch sector of the North Sea: a synthesis of sedimentary and seismic data. Ph.D thesis, University of Amsterdam, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag, 194 pp.
49. Long, D., Laban, C., Streif, H., Cameron, T.D.J. and Schüttenhelm, R.T.E. (1988). The sedimentary record of climatic variation in the southern North Sea. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B318, 523-537.
50. Mathers, S.J. and Zalasiewicz, J.A. (1988). The Red Crag and Norwich Crag formations of southern East Anglia. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 99, 261-278.
51. Meijer, T. (1988). Mollusca from the borehole Zuurland-2 at Brielle, The Netherlands (an interim report). Mededelingen Werkgroep Tertiaire and Kwartaire Geologie, 25, 49-60.
52. Meijer, T. and Preece, R.C. (1995). Malacological evidence relating to the insularity of the British Isles during the Quaternary. In: Preece, R.C. (ed.), Island Britain: a Quaternary Perspective, pp. 89-110. Geological Society, Special Publication, 96, London.
53. Mitchell, G.F., Penny, L.F., Shotton, F.W. and West, R.G. (1973). A correlation of Quaternary deposits in the British Isles. Geological Society of London, Special Report, 4, 99 pp.
54. Montfrans, H.M. van (1971a). Palaeomagnetic dating in the North Sea Basin. Ph.D thesis, University of Amsterdam, Princo N.V., Rotterdam, 113 pp.
55. Montfrans, H.M. van (1971b). Palaeomagnetic dating in the North Sea Basin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 11, 226-235.
56. Norton, P.E.P. and Beck, R.B. (1972). Lower Pleistocene molluscan assemblages and pollen from the Crag of Aldeby (Norfolk) and Easton Bavents (Suffolk). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Norfolk, 22, 11-31.
57. Postma, G. and Hodgson, G.E. (1988). Caistor St Edmund Pit (TG 240048). In: Gibbard, P.L. and Zalasiewicz, J.A. (eds), Pliocene-Middle Pleistocene of East Anglia, pp. 130-139. Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge.
58. Reid, C. (1890). The Pliocene Deposits of Britain. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom, H.M.S.O., London, 326 pp.
59. Rose, J. (1994). Major river systems of central and southern Britain during the Early and Middle Pleistocene. Terra Nova, 6, 435-443.
60. Rose, J., Allen, P. and Hey, R.W. (1976). Middle Pleistocene stratigraphy in southern East Anglia. Nature, 263, 492-494.
61. Shackleton, N.J., Crowhurst, S., Hagelberg, T., Pisias, N.G. and Schneider, D.A. (1995). A new Late Neogene time scale: application to ODP Leg 138 Sites. In: Mayer, L., Pisias, N., Janecek, T. et al. Proc. ODP, Scientific Results, 138, pp. 73-101. College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).
62. Shipboard Scientific Party (1992). Explanatory Notes. In: Mayer, L., Pisias, N., Janecek, T. et al. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 138, pp. 13-42. College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).
63. Smith, A.G., Smith, D.G. and Funnell, B.M. (1994). Atlas of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Coastlines. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 99 pp.
64. Stuart, A.J. (1995). Insularity and Quaternary vertebrate faunas in Britain and Ireland. In: Preece, R.C. (ed.), Island Britain: a Quaternary perspective, pp. 111-125. Geological Society, Special Publication, 96, London.
65. Thompson, R., Cameron, T.D.J., Schwarz, C., Jensen, K.A., Maenhaut van Lemberge, V. and Sha, L.P. (1992). The magnetic properties of Quaternary and Tertiary sediments in the southern North Sea. Journal of Quaternary Science, 7, 319-334.
66. Turner, C. and Van Kolfschoten (1996). Review of the Cromerian. In: The Early Middle Pleistocene of Europe. Balkema (in press).
67. Valet, J.-P. and Meynadier, L. (1993). Geomagnetic field intensity and reversals during the past four million years. Nature, 366, 234-238.
68. Vandenberghe, J. and Kasse, C. (1989). Periglacial environments during the Early Pleistocene in the southern Netherlands and northern Belgium. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 72, 133-139.
69. van Voorthuysen, J.H., Toering, K. and Zagwijn, W.H. (1972). The Plio-Pleistocene boundary in the North Sea Basin: revision of its position in the marine beds. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 51, 627-639.
70. West, R.G. (1961). Vegetational history of the Early Pleistocene of the Royal Society Borehole at Ludham, Norfolk. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B155, 437-453.
71. West, R.G. (1980). The Pre-Glacial Pleistocene of the Norfolk and Suffolk Coasts. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 203 pp.
72. West, R.G. and Wilson, D.G. (1966). Cromer Forest Bed Series. Nature, London, 209, 497-498.
73. Whiteman, C.A. (1992). The palaeogeography and correlation of pre-Anglian- Glaciation terraces of the River Thames in Essex and the London Basin. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 103, 37-56.
74. Whiteman, C.A. and Rose, J. (1992). Thames River sediments of the British Early and Middle Pleistocene. Quaternary Science Reviews, 11, 363-375.
75. Wilkinson, I.P. (1980). Coralline Crag Ostracoda and their environmental and stratigraphical significance. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 91, 291-306.
76. Woodland, A.W. (1946). Water supply from underground sources of Cambridge-Ipswich district (quarter-inch Geological Sheet 16), part X - general discussion. Wartime Pamphlet Geological Survey, 20.
77. Woodward, H.B. (1881). The Geology of the Country around Norwich. Memoir of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom, 215 pp.
78. Zagwijn, W.H. (1957). Vegetation, climate and time-correlations in the Early Pleistocene of Europe. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 19, 233-244.
79. Zagwijn, W.H. (1960). Aspects of the Pliocene and early Pleistocene vegetation in The Netherlands. Mededelingen Geologische Stichting, CIII-1: 5, 1-78.
80. Zagwijn, W.H. (1974). The palaeogeographic evolution of The Netherlands during the Quaternary. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 53, 369-385.
81. Zagwijn, W.H. (1975a). Variations in climate as shown by pollen analysis, especially in the Lower Pleistocene of Europe. In: Wright, A.E. and Moseley, F. (eds), Ice Ages: Ancient and Modern, pp. 137-152. Geological Journal Special Issue, No. 6, Seel House Press, Liverpool.
82. Zagwijn, W.H. (1975b). 4. Chronostratigrafie en biostratigrafie. 4.1. Indeling van het Kwartair op grond van veranderingen in vegetatie en klimaat, pp. 109-14. In: Zagwijn, W.H. and Staalduinen, C.J. van (eds), Toelichting bij Geologische Overzichtskaarten van Nederland. Rijks Geologische Dienst, Haarlem.
83. Zagwijn, W.H. (1979). Early and Middle Pleistocene coastlines in the southern North Sea basin. In: Oele, E., Schüttenhelm, R.T.E. and Wiggers, A J. (eds), The Quaternary History of the North Sea, pp. 31-42. Acta Universitas Upsaliensis, Uppsala.
84. Zagwijn, W.H. (1985). An outline of the Quaternary stratigraphy of The Netherlands. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 64, 17-24.
85. Zagwijn, W.H. (1986). The Pleistocene of The Netherlands with special reference to glaciation and terrace formation. Quaternary Science Reviews, 5, 341-345.
86. Zagwijn, W.H. (1989). The Netherlands during the Tertiary and the Quaternary: a case history of Coastal Lowland evolution. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 68, 107-120.
87. Zagwijn, W.H. (1990). Subtropical relicts in the Pliocene flora of Brunssum (The Netherlands). Geologie en Mijnbouw, 69, 219-225.
88. Zagwijn, W.H. (1992). The beginning of the ice age in Europe and its major sub- divisions. Quaternary Science Reviews, 11, 583-591.
89. Zagwijn, W.H. and De Jong (1984). Die interglaciale von Bavel und Leerdam und ihre stratigraphische Stellung im Niederlandischen, früh-Pleistozan. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 37, 155-169.
90. Zagwijn, W.H. and Doppert, J.W.Chr. (1978). Upper Cenozoic of the southern North Sea Basin: palaeoclimatic and palaeogeographic evolution. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 57, 577-588.
91. Zagwijn, W.H., van Montfrans, H.M. and Zandstra, J.G. (1971). Subdivision of the 'Cromerian' in The Netherlands; pollen-analysis, palaeomagnetism and sedimentary petrology. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 50, 41-58.
92. Zagwijn, W.H. and Staalduinen, C.J. van (eds) (1975). Toelichting bij Geologische Overzichtskaarten van Nederland. Rijks Geologische Dienst, Haarlem.
93. Zalasiewicz, J.A., Mathers, S.J., Hughes, M.J., Gibbard, P.L., Peglar, S.M., Harland, R., Boulton, G.S., Nicholson, R.A., Cambridge, P. and Wealthall, G.P. (1988). Stratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the Red Crag and Norwich Crag Formations between Aldeburgh and Sizewell, Suffolk, England. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B322, 221-272.
94. Zalasiewicz, J.A., Mathers, S.J., Gibbard, P.L., Peglar, S.M., Funnell, B.M., Catt, J.A., Harland, R., Long, P. and Austin, T.J.F. (1991). Age and relationships of the Chillesford Clay (Early Pleistocene, Suffolk, England). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B333, 81-100.