The effect of dietary carnitine supplementation on growth of red sea bream (Pagarus major) fingerlings at two levels of dietary lysine

Aquaculture

Volumn 147, Issue 3-4, 1996, Pages 235-248

  Chatzifotis, Stavros ^a   Takeuchi, Toshio ^a   Seikai, Tadahisa ^b  

^a TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^b KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Carnitine; Growth; Lysine; Red sea bream

Indexed keywords

PAGARUS MAJOR;

EID: 0030454803     PISSN: 00448486     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01403-2     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Alder, H.L. and Roessler, E.B., 1972. Introduction to Probability and Statistics. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 373 pp.
2. Arakawa, N., Ha, T.Y. and Otsuka, M., 1989. An improved high-performance liquid Chromatographic assay for the determination of free and esterified carnitine in animal tissues. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 35: 475-479.
3. Becker, K. and Focken, U., 1993. Effect of feed supplementation with L-carnitine on growth metabolism and body composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio L). Aquaculture, 129: 341 (abstract).
4. Bieber, L.L., Krahling, J.B., Clarke, P.R.H., Valkner, K.J. and Tolbert, N.E., 1981. Carnitine acyltransferases in rat liver peroxisomes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 211: 599-604.
5. Brass, E.P. and Hoppel, C.L., 1978. Carnitine metabolism in the fasting rat. J. Biol. Chem., 253: 22688-26993.
6. Bremer, J., 1961. Biosynthesis of carnitine in vivo. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 48: 622-624.
7. Bremer, J., 1983. Carnitine - metabolism and functions. Physiol. Rev., 63: 1420-1480.
8. Bremer, J. and Davis, E.J., 1978. The effect of acylcarnitines on the oxidation of branched chain-keto acids in mitochondria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 528: 269-275.
9. Burlington, R.F. and Shug, A.L., 1981. Seasonal variation in carnitine levels of the ground squirrel, Citellus tridecemlineatus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 65B: 431-436.
10. Burtle, J.G. and Liu, Q., 1994. Dietary carnitine and lysine affect channel catfish lipid and protein composition. J. World Aquaculture Soc., 25: 169-174.
11. Chatzifotis, S., Takeuchi, T. and Seikai, T., 1995. The effect of dietary L-carnitine on growth performance and lipid composition in red sea bream fingerlings. Fish. Sci., 61: 1004-1008.
12. Chatzifotis, S., Takeuchi, T., Watanabe, T. and Satoh, S., 1997. The effect of dietary carnitine on growth of rainbow trout fingerlings. Fish. Sci., 63: in press.
13. Connell, J.J. and Howgate, P.F., 1959. The amino-acid composition of some British food fishes. J. Sci. Food Agric., 10: 241-244.
14. Davis, A.T., 1990. Tissue trimethyllysine biosynthesis and carnitine content in pregnant and lactating rats fed a lysine-limiting diet. J. Nutr., 120: 846-856.
15. Folch, J., Lees, M. and Stanley, G.H.S., 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem., 226: 497-507.
16. Kempen, A.T.G. and Odle, J., 1993. Medium-chain fatty acid oxidation in colostrum-deprived newborn piglets: stimulative effect of L-carnitine supplementation. J. Nutr., 123: 1531-1537.
17. Kempen, A.T.G. and Odle, J., 1995. Carnitine affects octanoate oxidation to carbon dioxide and dicarboxylic acids in colostrum-deprived piglets: in vivo analysis of mechanisms involved based on CoA- and carnitine-ester profiles. J. Nutr., 125: 238-250.
18. Khan, L. and Bamji, M.B., 1979. Tissue carnitine deficiency due to dietary lysine deficiency: Triglyceride accumulation and concomitant impairment in fatty acid oxidation. J. Nutr., 109: 24-31.
19. Lee, D.J. and Putnam, G.B., 1973. The response of rainbow trout to varying protein/energy ratios in a test diet. J. Nutr., 103: 916-922.
20. Luquet, P. and Sabaut, J.J., 1974. Nutrition azotee et croissance chez la daurade et la truite. Actes Colloq. CNEXO, 1: 243-253 (in French).
21. Lysiak, W., Lilly, K., DiLisa, F., Toth, P.P. and Bieber, L., 1988. Quantification of the effect of L-carnitine on the levels of acid-soluble short-chain acyl-CoA and CoASH in rat heart and liver mitochondria. J. Biol. Chem., 263: 1151-1156.
22. Markwell, M.K.A. and Bieber, L.L., 1976. Localization and solubilization of a rat liver microsomal carnitine acetyltransfarase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 172: 502-509.
23. Miyasaki, T., Sato, M., Yoshinaka, R. and Sakaguchi, M., 1994. Determination of free and esterified carnitine in tissues of rainbow trout by high performance liquid chromatography. Fish. Sci., 60: 225-227.
24. Miyasaki, T., Sato, M., Yoshinaka, R. and Sakaguchi, M., 1995. Effect of vitamin C on lipid and carnitine metabolism in rainbow trout. Fish. Sci., 61: 501-506.
25. Ogino, C., 1980. Requirements of carp and rainbow trout for essential amino acids. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 46: 171-174 (in Japanese).
26. Ogino, C. and Yang, G.Y., 1978. Requirement of rainbow trout for dietary zinc. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 44: 1015-1018.
27. Ogino, C., Takeuchi, L., Takeda, H. and Watanabe, T., 1979. Availability of dietary phosphorus in carp and rainbow trout. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 45: 1527-1532 (in Japanese).
28. Rebouche, C.J., 1991. Ascorbic and carnitine biosynthesis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 54: 1147S-1152S.
29. Rebouche, C.J., Bosch, P.E., Chenard, C.A., Schabold, K.J. and Nelson, S.E., 1989. Utilization of dietary precursors for carnitine synthesis in human adults. J. Nutr., 119: 1907-1913.
30. Rhew, T.H. and Sachan, D.S., 1986. Dose-dependent lipotropic effect of carnitine in chronic alcoholic rats. J. Nutr., 116: 2263-2269.
31. Rodehutscord, M., 1995. Effects of supplemental dietary L-carnitine on growth and body composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed high-fat diets. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 73: 276-279.
32. Rodnick, K. and Sidell, B.D., 1994. Cold acclimation increases carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activity in oxidative muscle of striped bass. Am. J. Physiol., 266 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 35): R405-R412.
33. Santulli, A. and D'Amelio, V., 1986. Effects of supplemental dietary carnitine on the growth and lipid metabolism of hatchery-reared sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Aquaculture, 59: 177-186.
34. Takeuchi, T., 1988. Laboratory work - chemical evaluation of dietary nutrients. In: T. Watanabe (Editor), Fish Nutrition and Mariculture. Kanagawa International Fisheries Training Centre, Japan International Cooperation Agency, Kanagawa, pp. 179-226.
35. Takeuchi, T. and Watanabe, T., 1976. Nutritive value of ω3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in pollock liver oil for rainbow trout. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 42: 907-919.
36. Takeuchi, T. and Watanabe, T., 1977. Effect of ecosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in pollack liver oil on growth and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 43: 947-953.
37. Takeuchi, T., Watanabe, T. and Ogino, C., 1978a. Supplementary effect of lipids in a high protein diet of rainbow trout. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 44: 677-681 (in Japanese).
38. Takeuchi, T., Watanabe, T. and Ogino, C., 1978b. Optimum ratio of protein to lipid in diets of rainbow trout. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 44: 683-688 (in Japanese).
39. Takeuchi, T., Shiina, Y. and Watanabe, T., 1991. Suitable protein and lipid levels in diet for fmgerlings of red sea bream Pagrus major. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 57: 293-299.
40. Takeuchi, T., Shiina, Y. and Watanabe, T., 1992. Suitable levels of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in diet for fingerlings red sea bream. Nippon Suissan Gakkaishi, 58: 509-514.
41. Tanphaichitr, V. and Broquist, H., 1973. Lysine deficiency in the rat: concomitant impairment in carnitine biosynthesis. J. Nutr., 103: 80-87.
42. Tanphaichitr, V., Home, D.W. and Broquist, H., 1971. Lysine a precursor of carnitine in the rat. J. Biol. Chem., 246: 6364-6366.
43. Tibaldi, E. and Lanari, D., 1991. Optimal dietary lysine levels for growth and protein utilisation of fingerling sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) fed semipurified diets. Aquaculture, 95: 297-304.
44. Torreele, E., Sluiszen, A.V.D. and Verreth, J., 1993. The effect of dietary L-carnitine on the growth performance in fingerlings of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in relation to dietary lipid. Brit. J. Nutr., 69: 289-299.
45. Tsai, A., Romos, D.R. and Leveille, G., 1975. Determination of carnitine turnover in choline-deficient and cold-exposed rats. J. Nutr., 105: 301-307.
46. Walton, M.J., Cowey, C.B. and Adron, J.W., 1984. The effect of dietary lysine levels on growth and metabolism of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Brit. J. Nutr., 52: 115-122.
47. Yone, Y., Sakamoto, S. and Furuichi, M., 1974. Studies on nutrition of red sea bream - IX the basal diet for nutrition studies. Rep. Fish. Res. Lab. Kyushu Univ., 2: 13-24.
48. Zar, J.K., 1974. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 620 pp.