Further observations on the changing nature of national agricultural policy decision processes, 1946-1995

Agricultural History

Volumn 70, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 130-151

  Bonnen, James T ^a   Browne, William P ^b   Schweikhardt, David B ^c  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Department of Agricultural Economics ^*

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL POLICY; ECONOMIC HISTORY; HISTORICAL STUDY; POLICY MAKING; TWENTIETH CENTURY;

USA;

EID: 0030454369     PISSN: 00021482     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. James T. Bonnen, "Observations on the Changing Nature of National Agricultural Policy Decision Processes, 1946-1976," in Farmers, Bureaucrats, and Middlemen: Historical Perspectives on American Agriculture, ed. Trudy Huskamp Peterson (Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1980), 309-29.
2. John Mark Hansen, Gaining Access: Congress and the Farm Lobby, 1919-1981 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991); William P. Browne, Private Interests, Public Policy, and American Agriculture (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1988); William P. Browne, Cultivating Congress: Constituents, Issues, and Interests in Agricultural Policymaking (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995), 3-21.
3. John Mark Hansen, Gaining Access: Congress and the Farm Lobby, 1919-1981 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991); William P. Browne, Private Interests, Public Policy, and American Agriculture (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1988); William P. Browne, Cultivating Congress: Constituents, Issues, and Interests in Agricultural Policymaking (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995), 3-21.
4. John Mark Hansen, Gaining Access: Congress and the Farm Lobby, 1919-1981 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991); William P. Browne, Private Interests, Public Policy, and American Agriculture (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1988); William P. Browne, Cultivating Congress: Constituents, Issues, and Interests in Agricultural Policymaking (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995), 3-21.
5. Browne, Cultivating Congress, 26-28; John Ferejohn, "Logrolling in an Institutional Context: A Case Study of Food Stamp Legislation," in Congress and Policy Change, ed. Gerald C. Wright Jr., Leroy N. Rieselbach, and Lawrence C. Dodd (New York: Agathon Press, 1986), 223-353; Weldon Barton, "Coalition-Building in the U.S. House of Representatives: Agricultural Legislation in 1973," in Cases in Public Policy, ed. James E. Anderson (New York: Praeger, 1976), 141-62.
6. Browne, Cultivating Congress, 26-28; John Ferejohn, "Logrolling in an Institutional Context: A Case Study of Food Stamp Legislation," in Congress and Policy Change, ed. Gerald C. Wright Jr., Leroy N. Rieselbach, and Lawrence C. Dodd (New York: Agathon Press, 1986), 223-353; Weldon Barton, "Coalition-Building in the U.S. House of Representatives: Agricultural Legislation in 1973," in Cases in Public Policy, ed. James E. Anderson (New York: Praeger, 1976), 141-62.
7. Browne, Cultivating Congress, 26-28; John Ferejohn, "Logrolling in an Institutional Context: A Case Study of Food Stamp Legislation," in Congress and Policy Change, ed. Gerald C. Wright Jr., Leroy N. Rieselbach, and Lawrence C. Dodd (New York: Agathon Press, 1986), 223-353; Weldon Barton, "Coalition-Building in the U.S. House of Representatives: Agricultural Legislation in 1973," in Cases in Public Policy, ed. James E. Anderson (New York: Praeger, 1976), 141-62.
8. John P. Heinz, et al., The Hollow Core: Private Interests in National Policy Making (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993). For the genesis of the concept, see Ernest S. Griffith, The Impasse of Democracy (New York: Harrison-Wilton, 1939); J. Leiper Freeman, The Political Process: Executive Bureau-Legislative Committee Relations (New York: Random House, 1955).
9. John P. Heinz, et al., The Hollow Core: Private Interests in National Policy Making (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993). For the genesis of the concept, see Ernest S. Griffith, The Impasse of Democracy (New York: Harrison-Wilton, 1939); J. Leiper Freeman, The Political Process: Executive Bureau-Legislative Committee Relations (New York: Random House, 1955).
10. John P. Heinz, et al., The Hollow Core: Private Interests in National Policy Making (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993). For the genesis of the concept, see Ernest S. Griffith, The Impasse of Democracy (New York: Harrison-Wilton, 1939); J. Leiper Freeman, The Political Process: Executive Bureau-Legislative Committee Relations (New York: Random House, 1955).
11. Browne, Private Interests, Public Policy, and American Agriculture; Bonnen, "Observations on the Changing Nature of National Agricultural Decision Processes"; William P. Browne, "Organized Interests and Their Issue Niches: A Search for Pluralism in a Policy Domain," Journal of Politics 52 (May 1990): 477-509; William P. Browne, "Issue Niches and the Limits of Interest Group Influence," in Interest Group Politics, 3rd ed., ed. Allan J. Cigler and Burden A. Loomis (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1991), 345-70.
12. Browne, Private Interests, Public Policy, and American Agriculture; Bonnen, "Observations on the Changing Nature of National Agricultural Decision Processes"; William P. Browne, "Organized Interests and Their Issue Niches: A Search for Pluralism in a Policy Domain," Journal of Politics 52 (May 1990): 477-509; William P. Browne, "Issue Niches and the Limits of Interest Group Influence," in Interest Group Politics, 3rd ed., ed. Allan J. Cigler and Burden A. Loomis (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1991), 345-70.
13. Browne, Private Interests, Public Policy, and American Agriculture; Bonnen, "Observations on the Changing Nature of National Agricultural Decision Processes"; William P. Browne, "Organized Interests and Their Issue Niches: A Search for Pluralism in a Policy Domain," Journal of Politics 52 (May 1990): 477-509; William P. Browne, "Issue Niches and the Limits of Interest Group Influence," in Interest Group Politics, 3rd ed., ed. Allan J. Cigler and Burden A. Loomis (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1991), 345-70.
14. Browne, Private Interests, Public Policy, and American Agriculture; Bonnen, "Observations on the Changing Nature of National Agricultural Decision Processes"; William P. Browne, "Organized Interests and Their Issue Niches: A Search for Pluralism in a Policy Domain," Journal of Politics 52 (May 1990): 477-509; William P. Browne, "Issue Niches and the Limits of Interest Group Influence," in Interest Group Politics, 3rd ed., ed. Allan J. Cigler and Burden A. Loomis (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1991), 345-70.
15. Bonnen, "Agricultural Policy Decision Processes," 322-23; this was a central point of his earlier analysis; Browne, Cultivating Congress, 40-62; Ferejohn, "Logrolling in an Institutional Context."
16. Bonnen, "Agricultural Policy Decision Processes," 322-23; this was a central point of his earlier analysis; Browne, Cultivating Congress, 40-62; Ferejohn, "Logrolling in an Institutional Context."
17. Bonnen, "Agricultural Policy Decision Processes," 322-23; this was a central point of his earlier analysis; Browne, Cultivating Congress, 40-62; Ferejohn, "Logrolling in an Institutional Context."
18. By decision error, we mean programs that may serve specific interests in the short term but fail to serve the national interests of society and its dependence on agriculture.
19. Hansen, Gaining Access, 26-37; Arthur Capper, The Agricultural Bloc (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1922).
20. Hansen, Gaining Access, 26-37; Arthur Capper, The Agricultural Bloc (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1922).
21. Theodore Saloutos and John D. Hicks, Agricultural Discontent in the Middle West, 1900-1939 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1951); John D. Hicks, The Populist Revolt (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1931); Hansen, Gaining Access, 61-75; Christiana McFadyen Campbell, The Farm Bureau and the New Deal (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1962). For an analysis of USDA, see David E. Hamilton, From New Day to New Deal: American Farm Policy from Hoover to Roosevelt, 1928-1933 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991).
22. Theodore Saloutos and John D. Hicks, Agricultural Discontent in the Middle West, 1900-1939 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1951); John D. Hicks, The Populist Revolt (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1931); Hansen, Gaining Access, 61-75; Christiana McFadyen Campbell, The Farm Bureau and the New Deal (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1962). For an analysis of USDA, see David E. Hamilton, From New Day to New Deal: American Farm Policy from Hoover to Roosevelt, 1928-1933 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991).
23. Theodore Saloutos and John D. Hicks, Agricultural Discontent in the Middle West, 1900-1939 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1951); John D. Hicks, The Populist Revolt (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1931); Hansen, Gaining Access, 61-75; Christiana McFadyen Campbell, The Farm Bureau and the New Deal (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1962). For an analysis of USDA, see David E. Hamilton, From New Day to New Deal: American Farm Policy from Hoover to Roosevelt, 1928-1933 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991).
24. Theodore Saloutos and John D. Hicks, Agricultural Discontent in the Middle West, 1900-1939 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1951); John D. Hicks, The Populist Revolt (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1931); Hansen, Gaining Access, 61-75; Christiana McFadyen Campbell, The Farm Bureau and the New Deal (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1962). For an analysis of USDA, see David E. Hamilton, From New Day to New Deal: American Farm Policy from Hoover to Roosevelt, 1928-1933 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991).
25. Theodore Saloutos and John D. Hicks, Agricultural Discontent in the Middle West, 1900-1939 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1951); John D. Hicks, The Populist Revolt (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1931); Hansen, Gaining Access, 61-75; Christiana McFadyen Campbell, The Farm Bureau and the New Deal (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1962). For an analysis of USDA, see David E. Hamilton, From New Day to New Deal: American Farm Policy from Hoover to Roosevelt, 1928-1933 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991).
26. James T. Bonnen and William P. Browne, "Why is Agricultural Policy So Difficult to Reform?" in The Political Economy of U.S. Agriculture: Challenges for the 1990s, ed. Carol S. Kramer (Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, 1989), 7-13.
27. Theodore J. Lowi, The End of Liberalism: Ideology, Policy, and the Crisis of Public Authority (New York: W.W. Norton, 1969), 102-15; Randall B. Ripley and Grace A. Franklin, Congress, the Bureaucracy, and Public Policy, 5th ed. (Pacific Grove, Calif.: Brooks/Cole, 1991), 84-97.
28. Theodore J. Lowi, The End of Liberalism: Ideology, Policy, and the Crisis of Public Authority (New York: W.W. Norton, 1969), 102-15; Randall B. Ripley and Grace A. Franklin, Congress, the Bureaucracy, and Public Policy, 5th ed. (Pacific Grove, Calif.: Brooks/Cole, 1991), 84-97.
29. Lowi, The End of Liberalism, 102-15.
30. John P. Heinz feared such an impasse. See "The Political Impasse in Farm Support Legislation," Yale Law Journal 71 (April 1962): 954-70.
31. Bonnen, "Agricultural Policy Decision Processes," 312-13.
32. Ibid., 313; Dale E. Hathaway, "The Implications of Changing Political Power in Agriculture," in Agricultural Policy in an Affluent Society, ed. Vernon W. Ruttan, Arley D. Waldo, and James P. Houck (New York: W.W. Norton, 1969).
33. Ibid., 313; Dale E. Hathaway, "The Implications of Changing Political Power in Agriculture," in Agricultural Policy in an Affluent Society, ed. Vernon W. Ruttan, Arley D. Waldo, and James P. Houck (New York: W.W. Norton, 1969).
34. Browne, Private Interests, Public Policy, and American Agriculture; Garth Youngberg, "The National Farm Coalition and the Politics of Food" (paper prepared for the Fourth Annual Hendricks Public Policy Symposium, Lincoln, Nebraska, 1979).
35. Browne, Private Interests, Public Policy, and American Agriculture; Garth Youngberg, "The National Farm Coalition and the Politics of Food" (paper prepared for the Fourth Annual Hendricks Public Policy Symposium, Lincoln, Nebraska, 1979).
36. Browne, Private Interests, Public Policy, and American Agriculture, 24-27.
37. Barton, "Coalition-Building in the U.S. House of Representatives."
38. Browne, Cultivating Congress, 26-28; Ferejohn, "Logrolling in an Institutional Context"; Barton, "Coalition-Building in the U.S. House of Representatives."
39. Browne, Cultivating Congress, 26-28; Ferejohn, "Logrolling in an Institutional Context"; Barton, "Coalition-Building in the U.S. House of Representatives."
40. Browne, Cultivating Congress, 26-28; Ferejohn, "Logrolling in an Institutional Context"; Barton, "Coalition-Building in the U.S. House of Representatives."
41. Kenneth A. Shepsle, "The Changing Textbook Congress," in Can the Government Govern?, ed. John E. Chubb and Paul E. Peterson (Washington, D.C.: Brookings, 1989), 238-66.
42. Gary Mucciaroni, Reversals of Fortune: Public Policy and Private Interests (Washington, D.C.: Brookings, 1995), 125.
43. Bonnen, "Agricultural Policy Decision Processes," 317.
44. U.S. President's Council of Economic Advisors, Economic Report of the President Transmitted to the Congress, February 1995 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1995), 391.
45. Burdett A. Loomis, The New African Politician: Ambition, Entrepreneurship and the Changing Face of Political Life (New York: Basic Books, 1988).
46. Browne, Cultivating Congress.
47. Ibid., 109-30.
48. Aaron Wildavsky, The New Politics of the Budgetary Process (Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman, 1988), 203-4.
49. Ibid., 34-38, 232, 236-37.
50. Browne, Private Interests, Public Policy, and American Agriculture; Browne, Cultivating Congress.
51. Browne, Private Interests, Public Policy, and American Agriculture; Browne, Cultivating Congress.
52. Edward R. Madigan, former secretary of agriculture and member of Congress, interview by William P. Browne, January 1993; Browne, Cultivating Congress, 40-62.
53. Edward R. Madigan, former secretary of agriculture and member of Congress, interview by William P. Browne, January 1993; Browne, Cultivating Congress, 40-62.
54. Bonnen, "Agricultural Policy Decision Processes," 315-16; Madigan, interview; William P. Browne, "The Fragmented and Meandering Politics of Agriculture," in U.S. Agriculture in a Global Setting: An Agenda for the Future, ed. M. Ann Tutwiler (Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, 1988).
55. Bonnen, "Agricultural Policy Decision Processes," 315-16; Madigan, interview; William P. Browne, "The Fragmented and Meandering Politics of Agriculture," in U.S. Agriculture in a Global Setting: An Agenda for the Future, ed. M. Ann Tutwiler (Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, 1988).
56. Bonnen, "Agricultural Policy Decision Processes," 315-16; Madigan, interview; William P. Browne, "The Fragmented and Meandering Politics of Agriculture," in U.S. Agriculture in a Global Setting: An Agenda for the Future, ed. M. Ann Tutwiler (Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, 1988).
57. Browne, Cultivating Congress, 161-95.
58. Lee Epstein and C. K. Rowland, "Interest Groups in the Courts," American Political Science Review 85 (March 1991): 205-15.
59. Browne, "Organized Interests and Their Issue Niches."
60. Bonnen and Browne, "Why is Agricultural Policy So Difficult to Reform?"; Browne, Cultivating Congress.
61. Bonnen and Browne, "Why is Agricultural Policy So Difficult to Reform?"; Browne, Cultivating Congress.
62. Oliver E. Williamson, The Economic Institutions of Capitalism (New York: Free Press, 1985), 20-23; James M. Buchanan and Gordon Tullock, The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1952), 63-72; Bonnen and Browne, "Why is Agricultural Policy So Difficult to Reform?"
63. Oliver E. Williamson, The Economic Institutions of Capitalism (New York: Free Press, 1985), 20-23; James M. Buchanan and Gordon Tullock, The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1952), 63-72; Bonnen and Browne, "Why is Agricultural Policy So Difficult to Reform?"
64. Oliver E. Williamson, The Economic Institutions of Capitalism (New York: Free Press, 1985), 20-23; James M. Buchanan and Gordon Tullock, The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1952), 63-72; Bonnen and Browne, "Why is Agricultural Policy So Difficult to Reform?"