Motor function in microgravity: Movement in weightlessness

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Volumn 6, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 744-750

  Lackner, James R ^a   DiZio, Paul ^a  

^a BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCELERATION; MICROGRAVITY; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VESTIBULAR SYSTEM; VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX; WEIGHTLESSNESS;

EID: 0030452236     PISSN: 09594388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0959-4388(96)80023-7     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. 1. Wilson VJ, Melvill Jones G: The Mammalian Vestibular System. New York: Plenum Press; 1979.
2. 2. Lackner JR, Graybiel A: Perception of body weight and body mass at twice Earth-gravity acceleration levels. Brain 1984, 107:133-144.
3. 3. Lackner JR: Human sensory-motor adaptation to the terrestrial force environment In Brain Mechanisms and Spatial Vision. Edited by Ingle D, Jeannerod M, Lee D. Amsterdam: Nijhoff; 1985:175-210.
4. 4. Lackner JR, Graybiel A: Illusions of postural, visual, and substrate motion elicited by deep knee bends in the increased gravitoinertial force phase of parabolic flight. Exp Brain Res 1981, 44:312-316.
5. 5. Lackner JR: Sensory-motor adaptation to non-terrestrial force levels. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Vestibular Organs and Altered Force Environments. Edited by Igarashi M, Nute K. Houston: NASA/USRA; 1987:69-77.
6. 6. Thornton W, Hoffler GW, Rummel JA: Anthropometric changes and fluid shifts. In Biomedical Results from Skylab. Washington DC: NASA SP 377; 1977:330-338.
7. 7. Zhou MY, Klitgaard H, Saltin B, Roy RR, Edgerton VR, Gollnick PD: Myosin heavy chain isoforms of human muscle after short-term spaceflight J Appl Physiol 1995, 78:1740-1744.
8. 8. Caiozzo VJ, Haddad F, Baker MJ, Herrick RE, Prietto N, Baldwin KM: Microgravity-induced transformations of myosin isoforms and contractile properties of skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 1996, 81:123-144. Contractile properties of antigravity muscles are adversely affected by 14 day exposure to microgravity. This raises the possibility that in-flight changes in motor control reflect both central alterations in neural control and peripheral alterations in muscle response properties.
9. 9. Davis JR, Vanderploeg JM, Santy PA, Jennings RT, Stewart DF: Space motion sickness during 24 flights of the space shuttle. Aviat Space Environ Med 1988, 59:1185-1189.
10. 10. Graybiel A, Miller EF, Homick JL: Experiment M-131. Human vestibular function. In Biomedical Results from Skylab. Edited by Johnston RS, Dietlein LF. Washington DC: NASA SP377; 1977:330-338.
11. 11. DiZio P, Lackner JR, Evanotf JN: Influence of gravitoinertial force level on oculomotor and perceptual responses to sudden stop stimulation. Aviat Space Environ Med 1987, 58(suppl):A224-A230.
12. 12. DiZio P, Lackner JR: The effects of gravitoinertial force level and head movements on post-rotational nystagmus and illusory after-rotation. Exp Brain Res 1988, 70:485-495.
13. 13. Oman CM, Balkwill MD: Horizontal angular VOR, nystagmus dumping, and sensation duration in spacelab SLS-1 crew members. J Vestib Res 1993, 3:315-330.
14. 14. Oman CM, Pouliot CF, Natapoff A: Horizontal angular VOR changes in orbital and parabolic flight: human neurovestibular studies on SLS-2. J Appl Physiol 1996, 81:69-81. Confirms parabolic flight studies showing that in microgravity, post-rotary head tilt does not 'dump' nystagmus as it does in 1 g conditions.
15. 15. Correia MJ, Perachio AA, Dickman JD, Kozlovskaya IB, Sirota MG, Yakushin SB, Deloozerova IN: Changes in monkey horizontal semicircular canal afferent responses after spaceflight J Appl Physiol 1992, 73:112S-120S.
16. 16. Cohen B, Kozlovskaya I, Raphan T, Solomon D, Helwig D, Cohen N, Sirota M, Yakushin S: Vestibuloocular reflex of rhesus monkeys after spaceflight. J Appl Physiol 1992, 73:121S-131S.
17. 17. Clarke AH, Teiwes W, Scherer H: Evaluation of the torsional VOR in weightlessness. J Vestib Res 1993, 3:207-218.
18. 18. Cheung BSK, Money KE, Howard IP: Human gaze instability during brief exposure to microgravity. J Vestib Res 1994, 4:17-27.
19. 19. Graybiel A, Kellogg RS: The inversion illusion and its probable dependence on otolith function. Aerospace Med 1967, 38:1099-1103.
20. 20. Clement G, Vieville T, Lestienne F, Berthoz A: Modifications of gain asymmetry and beating field of vertical optokinetic nystagmus in microgravity. Neurosci Lett 1985, 63:271-274.
21. 21. Kornilova LN, Grigorova V, Bodo G: Vestibular function and sensory interaction in space flight. J Vestib Res 1993, 3:219-230.
22. 22. Clement G, Popov KE, Berthoz A: Effects of prolonged weightlessness on horizontal and vertical optokinetic nystagmus and optokinetic afternystagmus in humans. Exp Brain Res 1993, 94:456-462.
23. 23. André-Deshays C, Israel I, Charade O, Berthoz A, Popov K, Lipshits M: Gaze control in microgravity. 1. Saccades, pursuit, eye-head coordination. J Vestib Res 1993, 3:331-343.
24. 24. Uri JJ, Linder BJ, Moore TD, Pool SL, Thornton WE: Saccadic eye movements during space flight. In NASA Technical Memorandum 100 475. Houston: NASA; 1989:1-9.
25. 25. Lackner JR, DiZio P, Fisk JD: Tonic vibration reflexes and background force level. Acta Astronautica 1992, 26:133-136.
26. 26. Lackner JR, DiZio P: Gravitoinertial force level affects the appreciation of limb position during muscle vibration. Brain Res 1992, 592:175-180.
27. 27. Fisk J, Lackner JR, DiZio P: Gravitoinertial force level influences arm movement control. J Neurophysiol 1993, 69:504-511.
28. 28. Schmitt HH, Reid DJ: Anecdotal Information on Space Adaptation Syndrome. Houston: NASA/USRA Space Biomedical Research Institute Memorandum; 1985.
29. 29. Gerathewohl SJ, Strughold H, Stallings HD: Sensorimotor performance during weightlessness: eye hand coordination. J Aviat Med 1957, 28:7-12.
30. 30. Whiteside TCD: Hand-eye coordination in weightlessness. /Aerospace Wed 1961, 32:719-725.
31. 31. Graybiel A: Oculogravic illusion. Arch Ophthalmol 1952, 48:605-615.
32. 32. Roman JA, Warren BH, Graybiel A: Some observations on the behavior of a visual target and a visual afterimage during parabolic flight maneuvers. Aerospace Med 1963, 34:841-845.
33. 33. Niven JI, Whiteside TCD, Graybiel A: The elevator illusion: apparent motion of a visual target during vertical acceleration. In Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Report No. 93. Pensacola, Florida: US Naval Aviation Medical Center; 1963:1-29.
34. 34. Whiteside TCD, Graybiel A, Niven JI: Visual illusions of movement Brain 1965, 88:193-219.
35. 35. Bock O, Howard IP, Money KE, Arnold KE: Accuracy of aimed arm movements in changed gravity. Aviat Space Environ Med 1992, 63:994-998.
36. 36. Reschke MF, Anderson DJ, Homick JL: Vestibulospinal reflexes as a function of microgravity. Science 1984, 225:212-214.
37. 37. Clement G, Lestienne F: Adaptive modifications of postural attitude in conditions of weightlessness. Exp Brain Res 1988, 72:381-389.
38. 38. Massion J, Gurfinkel V, Lipshits M, Obadia A, Popov K: Axial synergies under microgravity conditions. J Vestib Res 1993, 3:275-287.
39. 39. Massion J: Movement posture and equilibrium: interaction and coordination. Prog Neurobiol 1992, 38:35-56.
40. 40. Roll JP, Popov K, Gurfinkel V, Lipshits M, Andre-Deshays C, Gilhodes JC, Quoniam C: Sensorimotor and perceptual function of muscle proprioception in microgravity. J Vestib Res 1993, 3:259-273.
41. 41. Clement G, Gurfinkel V, Lestienne F, Lipshits MI, Popov KE: Adaptation of postural control to weightlessness. Exp Brain Res 1984, 57:61-72.
42. 42. Cordo PJ, Nashner LM: Properties of postural adjustments associated with rapid arm movements. J Neurophysiol 1982, 47:287-302.
43. 43. McDonald PV, Basdogan C, Bloomberg JJ, Layne CS: Lower limb kinematics during treadmill walking after space flight Implications for gaze stimulation. Exp Brain Res 1996, 112:325-331. The timing of toe-off and heel strike during treadmill walking are more variable immediately post-flight. Neural control is critical at these phases of the step cycle because of the great potential for energy transfer. Novel non-linear techniques are used for analysis and modeling.
44. 44. Bloomberg JJ, Peters BT, Huebner WP, Smith SL, Reschke MF: Locomotor head-trunk coordination strategies following space flight. Exp Brain Res 1997, in press. Astronauts returning from their first shuttle mission have gaze instabilities during locomotion on a treadmill. These gaze instabilities have practical significance for safe egress from the spacecraft post-flight. Theoretically, understanding the relationship between gaze and locomotion is important for current top-down and bottom-up models of gaze control.
45. 45. Paloski WH, Bloomberg JJ, Reschke MF, Harm DL: Space flight induced changes in posture and locomotion. J Biomech 1994, 27:812-815.
46. 46. Lackner JR, DiZio P: Rapid adaptation to Coriolis force perturbations of arm trajectory. J Neurophysiol 1994, 72:299-313.
47. 47. DiZio P, Lackner JR: Motor adaptation to Coriolis force perturbations of reaching movements: endpoint but not trajectory adaptation transfers to the non-exposed arm. J Neurophysiol 1995, 74:1787-1792. Inertial, non-contacting Coriolis forces were used to perturb limb movements. The results are inconsistent with equilibrium point models of movement control and highlight the need for more complex models.
48. 48. Bizzi E, Mussa-Ivaldi FA, Giszter S: Does the nervous system use equilibrium point control to guide single and multiple joint movements? Behav Brain Sci 1992, 15:603-613.