Geo-economic competition and trade bloc formation: United States, German, and Japanese exports, 1968-1992

Economic Geography

Volumn 72, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 131-160

  O'Loughlin, John ^a   Anselin, Luc ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Geo economics; Geopolitical order; Panregions; Spatial analysis; Trade blocs

Indexed keywords

GEOECONOMIC COMPETITION; HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; TRADE BLOC;

EID: 0030448554     PISSN: 00130095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/144263     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Aho, C. 1993. America and the Pacific Century: Trade conflict or cooperation. International Affairs 69:19-38.
2. Anderson, K. 1991. Is an Asian-Pacific bloc next? Journal of World Trade 25:27-40.
3. Anderson, K., and Norheim, H. 1993a. From imperial to regional trade preferences: Its effects on Europe's intra- and extra-regional trade. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 129:78-101.
4. _. 1993b. Is world trade becoming more regionalized? Review of International Economics 1:91-109.
5. Anselin, L. 1992. SpaceStat: A program for the statistical analysis of spatial data. Santa Barbara, Calif.: National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis.
6. _. 1993a. Exploratory spatial data analysis and geographic information systems. Regional Research Institute Research Paper 9329. Morgantown: West Virginia University.
7. _. 1993b. The Moran scatterplot as an ESDA tool to assess local instability in spatial association. Regional Research Institute Research Paper 9330. Morgantown: West Virginia University.
8. _. 1995. Local indicators of spatial association-LISA. Geographical Analysis 27:96-115.
9. Anselin, L.; Dodson, R; and Hudak, S. 1993. Linking GIS and spatial data analysis in practice. Geographical Systems 1:3-23.
10. Anselin, L., and Getis, A. 1992. Spatial statistical analysis and geographical information systems. Annals of Regional Science 26:19-33.
11. Anselin, L., and O'Loughlin, J. 1990. Once more with space: An analysis of U.S trade and conflict relations, 1966-88. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, 30 August-1 September, San Francisco.
12. Bergsten, F. 1991. Commentary: The move toward free trade zones. In Policy implications of free trade zones, 43-57. Kansas City, Mo.: Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.
13. Bhagwati, J. 1991. The world trading system at risk. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
14. _. 1993. Beyond NAFTA: Clinton's trading choices. Foreign Policy 91:155-62.
15. Cliff, A. D., and Ord, J. K. 1973. Spatial autocorrelation. London: Pion.
16. _. 1981. Spatial processes: Models and applications. London: Pion.
17. Cohen, S. B. 1991. Global geo-political change in the post-Cold War era. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 81: 551-80.
18. Corbridge, S., and Agnew, J. 1991. The U.S. trade and budget deficits in global perspective: An essay in geopolitical economy. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 9:71-90.
19. Corker, R. 1991. The changing nature of Japanese trade. Finance and Development 28 (2):6-10.
20. Crook, C. 1990. Nothing to lose but its chains: A survey of world trade. Economist, 22 September.
21. De Melo, J., and Panagariya, A. 1992. The new regionalism in trade policy. Washington, B.C.: World Bank.
22. Dhar, B. 1992. The decline of free trade and United States policy today. Journal of World Trade 26 (December): 133-54.
23. Drache, D., and Gertler, M. 1991. The world-economy and the nation-state: The new international order. In The new era of global competition, ed. D. Drache and M. Gertler, 3-25. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
24. Drysdale, P., and Garnaut, R. 1982. Trade intensities and the analysis of bilateral trade flows in a many country world: A survey. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics 22:62-84.
25. Duesterberg, T. 1993. Global competitiveness and United States-EC trade relations. Washington Quarterly 16 (Summer):115-28.
26. Fieleke, N. 1992. One trading world or many?: The issue of regional trading blocs. New England Economic Review (May/June): 3-20.
27. Frankel, J. 1991. Is a Yen Bloc forming in Pacific Asia? In Finance and the international economy 5, ed. R. O'Brien, 4-21. London: Oxford University Press.
28. Friedman, G., and Lebow, M. 1991. The coming war with Japan. New York: St. Martin's Press.
29. Fukuyama, F. 1992. The end of history and the last man. New York: Free Press.
30. Garton, J. 1992. A cold peace: America, Japan, Germany and the struggle for supremacy. New York: Basic Books.
31. Gasiorowski, M. 1986. Economic interdependence and international conflict: Some cross-national evidence. International Studies Quarterly 30:23-38.
32. GATT: The eleventh hour. 1993. Economist, 4 December, 23-26.
33. Getis, A., and Ord, J. K. 1992. The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geographical Analysis 24:189-206.
34. Gilpin, R. 1992. The debate about the new world economic order. In Japan's emerging global role, ed. D. Unger and P. Blackburn, 21-36. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
35. Grant, R. 1993. Trading blocs or trading blows: The macro-economic geography of U.S. and Japanese trade policies. Environment and Planning A 25:273-91.
36. Hanink, D. 1988. An extended Linder model of international trade. Economic Geography 64:323-34.
37. _. 1994. The international economy: A geographical perspective. New York: John Wiley.
38. Hanink, D., and Kier, V. 1993. Selected characteristics of Soviet foreign trade and implications for the foreign trade of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Geographical Analysis 25:234-41.
39. Hufbauer, G.; Berliner, D. T.; and Elliot, K. A. 1986. Trade protectionism in the United States: 31 case studies. Washington, D.C.: Institute of International Economics.
40. Inoguchi, T. 1988. Four Japanese scenarios for the future. International Affairs 65:15-28.
41. International Monetary Fund. 1968-88. Direction of trade statistics. Washington, D.C.: IMF.
42. Jackson, J. 1993. Regional trading blocs and the GATT. World Economy 16 (March): 121-58.
43. Krugman, P. 1991a. Geography and trade. Cambridge: MIT Press.
44. _. 1991b. Regional trade blocs: The good, the bad and the ugly. International Economy 5 (6):54-58.
45. _. 1991c. The movement toward free trade zones. In Policy implications of free trade zones, 7-42. Kansas City, Mo.: Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.
46. _. 1994. Peddling prosperity: Economic sense and nonsense in the age of diminished expectations. New York: W. W. Norton.
47. Krugman, P., and Lawrence, R. 1994. Trade, jobs and wages. Scientific American 270 (4):44-49.
48. Lawrence, R. 1991. Emerging regional arrangements: Building blocks or stumbling blocks? In Finance and the international economy 5, ed. R. O'Brien, 22-35. New York: Oxford University Press.
49. Leontief, W. 1956. Factor proportions and the structure of American trade: Further theoretical and empirical analysis. Review of Economics and Statistics 38:386-402.
50. Linder, S. 1961. An essay on trade and transformation. New York: John Wiley.
51. Lloyd, P. J. 1992. Regionalization and world trade. OECD Economic Studies 18:7-43.
52. Low, P. 1993. Trading free: The GATT and US trade policy. New York: Twentieth Century Fund Press.
53. Luttwak, E. 1993. The endangered American dream: How to stop the United States from becoming a Third World country and how to win the geo-economic struggle for industrial supremacy. New York: Simon and Schuster.
54. Maidment, P. 1989. The yen block. Economist 15 July.
55. Meltzer, A. 1991. U.S. leadership and postwar progress. In Policy implications of free trade zones, 237-57. Kansas City, Mo.: Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.
56. Most, B., and Starr, H. 1989. Inquiry, logic and international politics. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
57. Muraoka, T. 1991. Pursuing the new international economic order: Overseas investment and trade of Japan, the Asian NIEs and ASEAN. In Japan and the global economy: Issues and trends in the 1990s, ed. J. Morris, 154-71. New York: Routledge.
58. Nierop, T., and de Vos, S. 1989. Of shrinking empires and changing roles: World trade patterns in the postwar period. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 79:343-64.
59. O'Brien, R. 1992. Global financial integration: The end of geography. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press.
60. O'Loughlin, J. 1992. Ten scenarios for the "New World Order." Professional Geographer 44:22-28.
61. _. 1993a. Fact or fiction: The evidence for the thesis of U.S. relative decline, 1966-1991. In The political geography of the new world order, ed. C. Williams, 148-80. London: Belhaven Press.
62. _. 1993b. Geo-economic competition in the Pacific Rim: The political geography of U.S. and Japanese exports, 1966-1988. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 18:438-59.
63. O'Loughlin, J., and Anselin, L. 1991. Bringing geography back to the study of international relations: Spatial dependence and regional context in Africa, 1966-1978. International Interactions 17:29-61.
64. O'Loughlin, J., and van der Wusten, H. 1990. The political geography of panregions. Geographical Review 80:1-20.
65. ò Tuathail, G. 1993. Japan as threat: Geoeconomic discourses on the USA-Japan relationship in US civil society. In The political geography of the new world order, ed. C. Williams, 181-209. London: Belhaven Press.
66. Pollins, B. 1989. Does trade still follow the flag? American Political Science Review 83:465-80.
67. Preeg, E. 1992. U.S. leadership in world trade: Past, present, future. Washington Quarterly 15 (Spring):81-91.
68. _. 1993. The compatibility of regional economic blocs and the GATT. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 526:164-71.
69. Reich, R. 1991. The work of nations. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
70. Rosecrance, R. 1986. The rise of the trading state: Commerce and conquest in the modern world. New York: Basic Books.
71. Ruigrok, W. 1991. Paradigm crisis in international trade theory. Journal of World Trade 25:77-89.
72. Schott, J. 1991. Trading blocs and the world trading system. World Economy 14:1-17.
73. Strange, S. 1988. States and markets. London: Frances Pinter.
74. Summers, L. 1991. Regionalism and the world trading system. In Policy implications of free trade zones, 295-302. Kansas City, Mo.: Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.
75. Taylor, P. 1990. Britain and the cold war: 1945 as geopolitical transition. London: Frances Pinter.
76. _. 1992. Nationalism, internationalism and a "socialist geopolitics": A review essay. Antipode 24:327-36.
77. _. 1993. The last of the hegemons: British impasse, American impasse, world impasse. Southeastern Geographer 33:1-22.
78. Thurow, L. 1990. GATT is dead: Post World War II economic world is over. Journal of Accountancy 170 (3):36-39.
79. _. 1992. Head to head: The coming economic battle between Japan, Europe and America. New York: William Morrow.
80. Trade winds shift, The. 1993. Economist, 20 November, 15-16.
81. Upton, G., and Fingleton, B. 1985. Spatial data analysis by example. New York: John Wiley.
82. Van Agt, D. 1991. United States-Japan-Europe: The unholy trinity. European Affairs 4:61-65.
83. Wallerstein, I. 1991. Geopolitics and geoculture: Essays on the Changing world-system. New York: Cambridge University Press.
84. Ward, M., ed. 1992. The new geopolitics. New York: Gordon and Breach.
85. Weintraub, S. 1991. Western Hemisphere free trade: Probability or pipe-dream? Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 526:9-24.
86. World Bank. 1992. Regionalism in trade is back-and here to stay. Policy Research Bulletin 3:2-7.