Interpretation of Longitudinal Studies: An Overview

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Volumn 154, Issue 6, 1996, Pages

  Schouten, Jan P ^b   Tager, Ira B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; CIGARETTE SMOKING; DATA ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; FOLLOW UP; FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; LUNG DISEASE; LUNG FUNCTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING HABIT; SYMPTOMATOLOGY;

AGING; COHORT STUDIES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; LUNG; RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS;

EID: 0030448090     PISSN: 1073449X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/154.6_pt_2.s278     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. Weiss, S., and J. Ware. 1996. Overview of issues in the longitudinal analysis of respiratory data ATS/ERS. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 154(Suppl.):S208-S211.
2. Sherrill, D., and G. Viegi. 1996. On modeling longitudinal pulmonary function data. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 154(Suppl.):S217-S222.
3. Dockery, D., and B. Brunekreef. 1996. Longitudinal studies of air pollution effects on lung function. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 154 (Suppl.):S250-S256.
4. Susser, M. 1996. What is a cause and how do we know one? A grammar for pragmatic epidemiology. Am. J. Epidemiol. 133:635-648.
5. Hill, A. 1965. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proc. R. Soc. Med. 58:295-300.
6. Diggle, P., K. Liang, and S. Zeger. 1994. Analysis of Longitudinal Data. Oxford University Press, New York. 1-253.
7. 1 with time: indicators for effects of smoking and air pollution. Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Respir. 17:775-792.
8. Rijcken, B., J. Schouten, S. Weiss, B. Rosner, K. D. Vries, and R. van der Lende. 1993. Long-term variability of bronchial responsiveness to histamine in a random population sample of adults. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 148:944-949.
9. Xu, X., N. Laird, D. Dockery, J. Schouten, B. Rijcken, and S. Weiss. 1995. Age, period, and cohort effects on pulmonary function in a 24-year longitudinal study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 141:554-566.
10. Ware, J., D. Dockery, T. Lewis, X. Xu, B. Ferris, and F. Speizer. 1990. Longitudinal and cross-sectional estimates of pulmonary function decline in never-smoking adults. Am. J. Epidemiol. 132:685-700.
11. Sherrill, D., M. Lebowitz, R. Knudson, and B. Burrows. 1993. Longitudinal methods of describing the relationship between pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms and smoking in elderly subjects: The Tucson Study. Eur. Respir. J. 6:342-348.
12. Ware, J. 1993. Analysis of longitudinal data: choosing and interpreting regression models. Eur. Respir. J. 6:325-327.
13. Wang, X., D. Dockery, D. Wypij, M. Fay, and B. Ferris. 1993. Pulmonary function between 6 and 18 years of age. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 15:75-88.
14. Dockery, D., C. Berkey, J. Ware, F. Speizer, and B. Ferris. 1983. Distribution of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second in children 6 to 11 years of age. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 128: 405-412.
15. Glindmeyer, H., J. Diem, R. Jones, and H. Weill. 1982. Noncomparability of longitudinally and cross-sectionally determined annual change in spirometry. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 125:544-548.
16. Van Pelt, W., J. Gerard, M. Borsboom, B. Rijcken, J. Schouten, B. Van Zomeren, and P. Quanjer. 1994. Discrepancies between longitudinal and cross-sectional change in ventilatory function in 12 years of follow-up. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 149:1218-1226.
17. Lebowitz, M. 1996. Age, period, and cohort effects: influences on differences between cross-sectional and longitudinal pulmonary function results. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 154(Suppl.):S273-S277.
18. Pope, C., and J. Schwartz. 1996. Time series for the analysis of pulmonary health data. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 154(Suppl.): S229-S233.
19. Redline, S., I. Tager, M. Segal, D. Gold, F. Speizer, and S. Weiss. 1989. The relationship beween longitudinal change in pulmonary function and nonspecific airway responsiveness in children and young adults. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 140:179-194.
20. Rosner, B., A. Munoz, I. Tager, F. Speizer, and S. Weiss. 1985. The use of an autoregressive model for the analysis of longitudinal data in epidemiological studies. Stat. Med. 4:457-467.
21. 1. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 151:1377-1382.
22. Fletcher, C., and R. Peto. 1978. The natural history of chronic airflow obstruction. B.M.J. 1:1645-1648.
23. Fletcher, C., R. Peto, C. Tinker, and F. Speizer. 1976. The Natural History of Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema. Oxford University Press, New York. 272.
24. Burrows, B., R. Knudson, A. Camilli, S. Lyle, and M. Lebowitz. 1987. The 'horse-racing effect' and predicting decline in forced expiratory volume in one second from screening spirometry. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 135:788-793.
25. Vollmer, W. 1988. Comparing change in longitudinal studies: adjusting for initial value. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 41:651-657.
26. Olofson, J., B. Skoogh, B. Bake, and K. Svardsudd. 1987. Mortality related to smoking habits, respiratory symptoms and lung function. Eur. Respir. J. 71:69-76.
27. Higgins, M., J. Keller, J. Landis, T. Beaty, B. Burrows, D. Demets, J. Diem, I. Higgins, E. Lakatos, M. Lebowitz, et al. 1984. Risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: collaborative assessment of the validity of the Tecumseh index of risk. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 130:380-385.
28. Sorlie, P., W. Kannel, and G. O'Connor. 1989. Mortality asociated with respiratory function and symptoms: The Framingham Study. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 140:379-384.
29. Oldham, P. 1962. A note on the analysis of repeated measurements on the same subjects. J. Chron. Dis. 15:969-977.
30. Bosse, R., D. Sparrow, C. Rose, and S. Weiss. 1981. Longitudinal effect of age and smoking cessation on pulmonary function. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 123:378-381.
31. Sherrill, D., A. Camilli, and M. Lebowitz. 1989. On the temporal relationship between lung function and somatic growth. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 140:638-644.
32. Tager, I., M. Segal, F. Speizer, and S. Weiss. 1988. The natural history of forced expiratory volume: effects of cigarette smoking and respiratory symptoms. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 138:837-849.
33. Sherrill, D., C. Holberg, and M. Lebowitz. 1990. Differential rates of lung growth as measured longitudinally by pulmonary function in children and adolescents. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 8:145-154.
34. Hastie, T., and T. Tibshirani. 1990. Generalized Additive Models. Chapman and Hall, New York.
35. Wypij, D., 1996, Spline and smoothing approaches to fitting flexible models for the analysis of pulmonary function data. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 154(Suppl.):S223-S228.
36. Wypij, D., M. Pugh, and J. Ware. 1993. Modeling pulmonary function growth with regression splines. Statistica Sinica 3:329-350.
37. Friedman, J., and W. Stuetzle. 1982. Smoothing of Scatterplots. Monograph Orion 003. Department of Statitsics, Stanford University.
38. Segal, M., I. Tager, S. Weiss, and F. Speizer. 1988. Smoothing methods for epidemiologic analysis. Stat. Med. 7:601-611.
39. Wang, X., D. Wypij, D. Gold, F. Speizer, J. Ware, B. Ferris, and D. Dockery. 1994. A longitudinal study of the effects of parental smoking on pulmonary function in children 6-18 years. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 149:1420-1425.