메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 133, Issue 1-4, 1996, Pages 173-199

Trace-element and U-Pb isotope compositions of pyrite types in the Proterozoic Black Reef, Transvaal Sequence, South Africa: Implications on genesis and age

Author keywords

Genesis; Isotope compositions; Proterozoic Black Reef; Pyrite types; South Africa; Trace element; Transvaal Sequence; U Pb

Indexed keywords

GEOCHEMISTRY; GOLD; ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS; PROTEROZOIC; PYRITE; TRACE ELEMENT;

EID: 0030442040     PISSN: 00092541     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00075-7     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (51)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0026278733 scopus 로고
    • Zircon ion microprobe studies bearing on the age and evolution of the Witwatersrand Triad
    • Armstrong, R.A., Compston, W., Retief, E.A., Williams, I.S. and Welke, H.J., 1991. Zircon ion microprobe studies bearing on the age and evolution of the Witwatersrand Triad. Precambrian Res., 53: 243-266.
    • (1991) Precambrian Res. , vol.53 , pp. 243-266
    • Armstrong, R.A.1    Compston, W.2    Retief, E.A.3    Williams, I.S.4    Welke, H.J.5
  • 2
    • 0022926105 scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of total-rock Pb-Pb dating of metamorphosed banded iron formation: The Marydale Group, southern Africa
    • Barton, E.S., Armstrong, R.A., Cornell, D.H. and Welke, H.J., 1986. Feasibility of total-rock Pb-Pb dating of metamorphosed banded iron formation: the Marydale Group, southern Africa. Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci. Sect.), 59: 255-271.
    • (1986) Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci. Sect.) , vol.59 , pp. 255-271
    • Barton, E.S.1    Armstrong, R.A.2    Cornell, D.H.3    Welke, H.J.4
  • 3
    • 0000831687 scopus 로고
    • Provenance ages for the Witwatersrand Supergroup and the Ventersdorp Contact Reef: Constraints from ion microprobe U-Pb ages of detrital zircons
    • Barton, E.S., Compston, W., Williams, I.S., Bristow, J.W., Hallbauer, D.K. and Smith, C.B., 1989. Provenance ages for the Witwatersrand Supergroup and the Ventersdorp Contact Reef: constraints from ion microprobe U-Pb ages of detrital zircons. Econ. Geol., 84: 2012-2019.
    • (1989) Econ. Geol. , vol.84 , pp. 2012-2019
    • Barton, E.S.1    Compston, W.2    Williams, I.S.3    Bristow, J.W.4    Hallbauer, D.K.5    Smith, C.B.6
  • 4
    • 0041672332 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of detrital zircon age populations in the Nigel, Kimberley and Black Reefs, East Rand Goldfield
    • Geol. Soc. S. Afr.
    • Barton, E.S., Williams, I.S., Hallbauer, D.K. and Compston, W., 1992. Comparison of detrital zircon age populations in the Nigel, Kimberley and Black Reefs, East Rand Goldfield. Extend. Abstr., Geocongress '92, Geol. Soc. S. Afr., pp. 31-32.
    • (1992) Extend. Abstr., Geocongress '92 , pp. 31-32
    • Barton, E.S.1    Williams, I.S.2    Hallbauer, D.K.3    Compston, W.4
  • 5
    • 84879886747 scopus 로고
    • U-Pb zircon age for a tuff in the Campbell Group, Griqualand West Sequence, South Africa: Implications for early Proterozoic rock accumulation rates
    • Barton, E.S., Altermann, W., Williams, I.S. and Smith, C.B., 1994. U-Pb zircon age for a tuff in the Campbell Group, Griqualand West Sequence, South Africa: Implications for Early Proterozoic rock accumulation rates. Geology, 22: 343-346.
    • (1994) Geology , vol.22 , pp. 343-346
    • Barton, E.S.1    Altermann, W.2    Williams, I.S.3    Smith, C.B.4
  • 6
    • 0346021677 scopus 로고
    • Paleoenvironmental setting of iron-formations in the depositional basin of the Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa
    • A.F. Trendall and R.C. Morris (Editors), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Beukes, N.J., 1983. Paleoenvironmental setting of iron-formations in the depositional basin of the Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. In: A.F. Trendall and R.C. Morris (Editors), Iron Formation Facts and Problems. Developments in Precambrian Geology, 6. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 131-210.
    • (1983) Iron Formation Facts and Problems. Developments in Precambrian Geology , vol.6 , pp. 131-210
    • Beukes, N.J.1
  • 8
    • 0021993532 scopus 로고
    • Inter laboratory variability in trace element analysis
    • Boyer, K.W., Horwitz, W. and Albert, R., 1985. Inter laboratory variability in trace element analysis. Anal. Chem., 57: 454-459.
    • (1985) Anal. Chem. , vol.57 , pp. 454-459
    • Boyer, K.W.1    Horwitz, W.2    Albert, R.3
  • 9
    • 0041672333 scopus 로고
    • Lead isotopic compositions of galenas from the Witwatersrand and Orange Free State, and their relation to the Witwatersrand and Dominion Reef uraninites
    • Burger, A.J., Nicolaysen, L.O. and De Villiers, J.W.L., 1962. Lead isotopic compositions of galenas from the Witwatersrand and Orange Free State, and their relation to the Witwatersrand and Dominion Reef uraninites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 26: 25-59.
    • (1962) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.26 , pp. 25-59
    • Burger, A.J.1    Nicolaysen, L.O.2    De Villiers, J.W.L.3
  • 11
    • 0023163159 scopus 로고
    • Dissolution and pyritization of magnetite in anoxic marine sediments
    • Canfield, D.E. and Berner, R.A., 1987. Dissolution and pyritization of magnetite in anoxic marine sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 51: 645-659.
    • (1987) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.51 , pp. 645-659
    • Canfield, D.E.1    Berner, R.A.2
  • 12
    • 0019686990 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of the genesis of heavy mineral assemblages in lower Proterozoic uranium-gold conglomerates
    • Clemmey, H., 1981. Some aspects of the genesis of heavy mineral assemblages in Lower Proterozoic uranium-gold conglomerates. Mineral. Mag., 44: 388-408.
    • (1981) Mineral. Mag. , vol.44 , pp. 388-408
    • Clemmey, H.1
  • 13
    • 0019911089 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen in the Precambrian atmosphere: An evaluation of the geologic evidence
    • Clemmey, H. and Badham, N., 1982. Oxygen in the Precambrian atmosphere: An evaluation of the geologic evidence. Geology, 10: 141-146.
    • (1982) Geology , vol.10 , pp. 141-146
    • Clemmey, H.1    Badham, N.2
  • 14
    • 0024219881 scopus 로고
    • Tectonic style and mechanism of early Proterozoic successor basin development, southern Africa
    • Clendenin, C.W., Charlesworth, E.G. and Maske, S., 1988. Tectonic style and mechanism of early Proterozoic successor basin development, southern Africa. Tectonophysics, 156: 275-291.
    • (1988) Tectonophysics , vol.156 , pp. 275-291
    • Clendenin, C.W.1    Charlesworth, E.G.2    Maske, S.3
  • 15
    • 49549133440 scopus 로고
    • Zoned Cr,Fe-spinel from the Perouse layered Gabbro, Fairweather Range, Alaska
    • Czamanske, G.K., Himmelberg, G.R. and Goff, F.E., 1976. Zoned Cr,Fe-spinel from the Perouse layered Gabbro, Fairweather Range, Alaska. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 33: 11-118.
    • (1976) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.33 , pp. 11-118
    • Czamanske, G.K.1    Himmelberg, G.R.2    Goff, F.E.3
  • 16
    • 0003565214 scopus 로고
    • University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif.
    • Dixon, W.J. (Chief Editor), 1990. BMDP Statistical Software Manual. University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif., pp. 337-356.
    • (1990) BMDP Statistical Software Manual , pp. 337-356
    • Dixon, W.J.1
  • 17
    • 0009639403 scopus 로고
    • Geodate: A program for the processing and regression of isotope data using IBM-compatible microcomputers
    • 57 pp
    • Eglington, B.M. and Harmer, R.E., 1991. Geodate: a program for the processing and regression of isotope data using IBM-compatible microcomputers. CSIR (Counc. Sci. Ind. Res., S. Afr.) Manual EMA-H 9101, 57 pp.
    • (1991) CSIR (Counc. Sci. Ind. Res., S. Afr.) Manual EMA-H 9101
    • Eglington, B.M.1    Harmer, R.E.2
  • 18
    • 0021538246 scopus 로고
    • Strata-bound and stratiform iron sulfides, sulfur and galena in the Miocene evaporites, Ranga, Red Sea, Egypt
    • A. Wauschkuhn, C. Kluth and R.A. Zimmermann (Editors), Springer, Heidelberg
    • El Aref, M.M., 1984. Strata-bound and stratiform iron sulfides, sulfur and galena in the Miocene evaporites, Ranga, Red Sea, Egypt. In: A. Wauschkuhn, C. Kluth and R.A. Zimmermann (Editors), Syngenesis and Epigenesis in the Formation of Mineral Deposits. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 457-467.
    • (1984) Syngenesis and Epigenesis in the Formation of Mineral Deposits , pp. 457-467
    • El Aref, M.M.1
  • 21
    • 0026005319 scopus 로고
    • Authigenic iron sulphides in recent sediments of the Venice Lagoon (Northern Italy)
    • Frizzo, P., Rambazzo, G. and Molinaroli, E., 1991. Authigenic iron sulphides in recent sediments of the Venice Lagoon (Northern Italy). Eur. J. Mineral., 3: 603-612.
    • (1991) Eur. J. Mineral. , vol.3 , pp. 603-612
    • Frizzo, P.1    Rambazzo, G.2    Molinaroli, E.3
  • 22
    • 0023737828 scopus 로고
    • U-Pb isotopic data for sulfides of the Varkenskraal Granite (western Transvaal, South Africa) and their bearing on the age and origin of uranium mineralization in the Witwatersrand basin
    • Guisti, L., 1988. U-Pb isotopic data for sulfides of the Varkenskraal Granite (western Transvaal, South Africa) and their bearing on the age and origin of uranium mineralization in the Witwatersrand basin. Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci. Sect.), 72: 311-328.
    • (1988) Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci. Sect.) , vol.72 , pp. 311-328
    • Guisti, L.1
  • 23
    • 0042173004 scopus 로고
    • Morphology and micro texture of minerals from fossil gold and uranium placers
    • Hallbauer, D.K., 1977. Morphology and micro texture of minerals from fossil gold and uranium placers. Chamber Mines S. Afr., Res. Rev. 1976/77, pp. 36-50.
    • (1977) Chamber Mines S. Afr., Res. Rev. 1976/77 , pp. 36-50
    • Hallbauer, D.K.1
  • 24
    • 0020259951 scopus 로고
    • A review of some aspects of the geochemistry and mineralogy of the Witwatersrand gold deposits
    • H.W. Glen (Editor), Johannesburg. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.
    • Hallbauer, D.K., 1982. A review of some aspects of the geochemistry and mineralogy of the Witwatersrand gold deposits. In: H.W. Glen (Editor), Proc. 12th CMMI Congress, Johannesburg. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall., pp. 957-964.
    • (1982) Proc. 12th CMMI Congress , pp. 957-964
    • Hallbauer, D.K.1
  • 25
    • 0020863361 scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry and fluid inclusions in detrital minerals as guides to their provenance and distribution
    • Hallbauer, D.K., 1983. Geochemistry and fluid inclusions in detrital minerals as guides to their provenance and distribution. Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., 7: 39-57.
    • (1983) Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. , vol.7 , pp. 39-57
    • Hallbauer, D.K.1
  • 26
    • 0002741421 scopus 로고
    • The mineralogy and geochemistry of Witwatersrand pyrite, gold uranium, and carbonaceous matter
    • C.R. Anhaeusser and S. Maske (Editors), Geol. Soc. S. Afr.
    • Hallbauer, D.K., 1986. The mineralogy and geochemistry of Witwatersrand pyrite, gold uranium, and carbonaceous matter. In: C.R. Anhaeusser and S. Maske (Editors), Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., pp. 731-752.
    • (1986) Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa , pp. 731-752
    • Hallbauer, D.K.1
  • 27
    • 0042674145 scopus 로고
    • The application of X-ray radiography to the study of distribution patterns of gold and heavy minerals in Witwatersrand sediments
    • Cape Town, Geol. Soc. S. Afr.
    • Hallbauer, D.K., 1990. The application of X-ray radiography to the study of distribution patterns of gold and heavy minerals in Witwatersrand sediments. Extend. Abstr., Geocongress '90, Cape Town, Geol. Soc. S. Afr., pp. 678-681.
    • (1990) Extend. Abstr., Geocongress '90 , pp. 678-681
    • Hallbauer, D.K.1
  • 28
    • 0042674154 scopus 로고
    • Mineralogical and geochemical "fingerprinting" of hydrothermal pyrite - A possible exploration tool
    • Pap. 25, 22 pp
    • Hallbauer, D.K., 1991. Mineralogical and geochemical "fingerprinting" of hydrothermal pyrite - A possible exploration tool. Proc. Int. Congr. on Applied Mineralogy, ICAM 91, Vol. 1, Pap. 25, 22 pp.
    • (1991) Proc. Int. Congr. on Applied Mineralogy, ICAM 91 , vol.1
    • Hallbauer, D.K.1
  • 29
    • 0041672331 scopus 로고
    • Crustal evolution in the source region of the Witwatersrand sediments, South Africa - Evidence from quartz pebble and quartzite geochemistry
    • Hallbauer, D.K. and Barton, E.S., 1994. Crustal evolution in the source region of the Witwatersrand sediments, South Africa - evidence from quartz pebble and quartzite geochemistry, Extend. Abstr., V.M. Goldschmidt Conf., Edinburgh, Mineral. Mag., 58A: 364-365.
    • (1994) Extend. Abstr., V.M. Goldschmidt Conf., Edinburgh, Mineral. Mag. , vol.58 A , pp. 364-365
    • Hallbauer, D.K.1    Barton, E.S.2
  • 30
    • 0022940905 scopus 로고
    • A geochemical identification of provenance-controlled gold distribution patterns in the Ventersdorp Contact Reef placer of the Carletonville goldfield. "GOLD 100"
    • Johannesburg. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.
    • Hallbauer, D.K. and Els, B.G., 1986. A geochemical identification of provenance-controlled gold distribution patterns in the Ventersdorp Contact Reef placer of the Carletonville goldfield. "GOLD 100", Proc. Int. Conf. on Gold, Vol. 1: Gold Mining and Technology, Johannesburg. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall., pp. 45-62.
    • (1986) Proc. Int. Conf. on Gold, Vol. 1: Gold Mining and Technology , vol.1 , pp. 45-62
    • Hallbauer, D.K.1    Els, B.G.2
  • 31
    • 6244220686 scopus 로고
    • The geochemistry and mineralogy of some mineral components in Witwatersrand conglomerates and their use in delineating facies and correlating strata
    • Geol. Soc. S. Afr.
    • Hallbauer, D.K., von Gehlen, K., Kable, E.J.D. and Buehmann, D., 1986. The geochemistry and mineralogy of some mineral components in Witwatersrand conglomerates and their use in delineating facies and correlating strata. Extend. Abstr., Geocongress '86, Geol. Soc. S. Afr., pp. 139-144.
    • (1986) Extend. Abstr., Geocongress '86 , pp. 139-144
    • Hallbauer, D.K.1    Von Gehlen, K.2    Kable, E.J.D.3    Buehmann, D.4
  • 34
    • 0024194610 scopus 로고
    • Re-evaluation of gold source in Witwatersrand ores
    • Hutchinson, R.W. and Viljoen, R.P., 1988. Re-evaluation of gold source in Witwatersrand ores. S. Afr. J. Geol., 91: 157-173.
    • (1988) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.91 , pp. 157-173
    • Hutchinson, R.W.1    Viljoen, R.P.2
  • 35
    • 84879881372 scopus 로고
    • Direct dating of stromatolitic carbonates from the Schmidtsdrif Formation (Transvaal Dolomite), South Africa, with implication on the age of the Ventersdorp Supergroup
    • Jahn, B.M., Bertrand-Sarfati, J., Morin, J. and Mace, J., 1990. Direct dating of stromatolitic carbonates from the Schmidtsdrif Formation (Transvaal Dolomite), South Africa, with implication on the age of the Ventersdorp Supergroup. Geology, 18: 1211-1214.
    • (1990) Geology , vol.18 , pp. 1211-1214
    • Jahn, B.M.1    Bertrand-Sarfati, J.2    Morin, J.3    Mace, J.4
  • 36
    • 0023525258 scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermally altered peraluminous Archaean granites as a provenance model for Witwatersrand sediments
    • Klemd, R. and Hallbauer, D.K., 1987. Hydrothermally altered peraluminous Archaean granites as a provenance model for Witwatersrand sediments. Miner. Deposita, 22: 227-235.
    • (1987) Miner. Deposita , vol.22 , pp. 227-235
    • Klemd, R.1    Hallbauer, D.K.2
  • 37
    • 0024894837 scopus 로고
    • Detrital pyrite in the Witwatersrand gold fields of South Africa: Evidence from truncated growth banding
    • MacLean, P.J. and Fleet, M.E., 1990. Detrital pyrite in the Witwatersrand gold fields of South Africa: Evidence from truncated growth banding. Econ. Geol., 84: 2008-2011.
    • (1990) Econ. Geol. , vol.84 , pp. 2008-2011
    • MacLean, P.J.1    Fleet, M.E.2
  • 38
    • 0027811512 scopus 로고
    • Sulphidation in the Witwatersrand Goldfields: Evidence from the Middelvlei Reef
    • Myers, R.E., Taihe Zhou and Phillips, N.G., 1993. Sulphidation in the Witwatersrand Goldfields: evidence from the Middelvlei Reef. Mineral. Mag., 57: 395-405.
    • (1993) Mineral. Mag. , vol.57 , pp. 395-405
    • Myers, R.E.1    Zhou, T.2    Phillips, N.G.3
  • 39
    • 0016507982 scopus 로고
    • A procedure, using hydrofluoric acid, for quantitative mineral separations from silicate rocks
    • Neuerburg, G.J., 1975. A procedure, using hydrofluoric acid, for quantitative mineral separations from silicate rocks. U.S. Geol. Surv., J. Res., 3: 377-378.
    • (1975) U.S. Geol. Surv., J. Res. , vol.3 , pp. 377-378
    • Neuerburg, G.J.1
  • 40
    • 0002820635 scopus 로고
    • The statistics of the Pearce element diagrams and the Chayes closure problem
    • Nicholls, J., 1988. The statistics of the Pearce element diagrams and the Chayes closure problem. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 99: 36-43.
    • (1988) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. , vol.99 , pp. 36-43
    • Nicholls, J.1
  • 41
    • 0041672327 scopus 로고
    • The Black Reef Series within the Witwatersrand basin with special reference to its occurrence at Government Gold mining areas
    • S.H. Haughton (Editor)
    • Papenfus, J.A., 1964. The Black Reef Series within the Witwatersrand basin with special reference to its occurrence at Government Gold mining areas. In: S.H. Haughton (Editor), Some Ore Deposits in Southern Africa, Vol. 1. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. Spec. Publ., pp. 191-218.
    • (1964) Some Ore Deposits in Southern Africa, Vol. 1. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. Spec. Publ. , vol.1 , pp. 191-218
    • Papenfus, J.A.1
  • 42
    • 0024250121 scopus 로고
    • Widespread fluid infiltration during metamorphism of the Witwatersrand goldfields: Generation of chloritoid and pyrophyllite
    • Phillips, G.N., 1988. Widespread fluid infiltration during metamorphism of the Witwatersrand goldfields: generation of chloritoid and pyrophyllite. J. Metam. Geol., 6: 311-332.
    • (1988) J. Metam. Geol. , vol.6 , pp. 311-332
    • Phillips, G.N.1
  • 43
    • 0001199224 scopus 로고
    • The Witwatersrand gold fields, part II. An origin for Witwatersrand gold during metamorphism and associated alteration
    • Phillips, G.N. and Myers, R.E., 1989. The Witwatersrand gold fields, Part II. An origin for Witwatersrand gold during metamorphism and associated alteration. Econ. Geol. Monogr., 6: 598-608.
    • (1989) Econ. Geol. Monogr. , vol.6 , pp. 598-608
    • Phillips, G.N.1    Myers, R.E.2
  • 46
    • 0025625488 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of radioelements in Archaean granites of the Kaapvaal Craton, with implications for the source of uranium in the Witwatersrand basin
    • Robb, L.J., Meyer, F.M., Ferraz, M.F. and Drennan, G.R., 1990. The distribution of radioelements in Archaean granites of the Kaapvaal Craton, with implications for the source of uranium in the Witwatersrand basin. S. Afr. J. Geol., 93: 5-40.
    • (1990) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.93 , pp. 5-40
    • Robb, L.J.1    Meyer, F.M.2    Ferraz, M.F.3    Drennan, G.R.4
  • 47
    • 0026497255 scopus 로고
    • Ages of altered granites adjoining the Witwatersrand basin with implicationsfor the origin of gold and uranium
    • Robb, L.J., Davis, D.W., Kamo, S.L. and Meyer, F.M., 1992. Ages of altered granites adjoining the Witwatersrand basin with implicationsfor the origin of gold and uranium. Nature (London), 357: 677-680.
    • (1992) Nature (London) , vol.357 , pp. 677-680
    • Robb, L.J.1    Davis, D.W.2    Kamo, S.L.3    Meyer, F.M.4
  • 49
    • 0001183763 scopus 로고
    • The geochronology of uraniferous minerals in the Witwatersrand Triad; an interpretation of new and existing U-Pb age data on rocks and minerals from the Dominion Reef, Witwatersrand and Ventersdorp Supergroups
    • Rundle, C.C. and Snelling, N.J., 1977. The geochronology of uraniferous minerals in the Witwatersrand Triad; an interpretation of new and existing U-Pb age data on rocks and minerals from the Dominion Reef, Witwatersrand and Ventersdorp Supergroups. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 286: 567-583.
    • (1977) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A , vol.286 , pp. 567-583
    • Rundle, C.C.1    Snelling, N.J.2
  • 51
    • 0026014384 scopus 로고
    • Reactions forming pyrite and marcasite from solution, II. Via FeS precursors below 100°C
    • Schoonen, M.A.A. and Barnes, H.L., 1991b. Reactions forming pyrite and marcasite from solution, II. Via FeS precursors below 100°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55: 1505-1514.
    • (1991) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.55 , pp. 1505-1514
    • Schoonen, M.A.A.1    Barnes, H.L.2
  • 52
    • 84938062507 scopus 로고
    • Northeast prospect (NEP) shaft high grade gold placer: A feeder channel into the East Rand Black Reef basin
    • Geol. Soc. S. Afr.
    • Spellman, R.L., 1986. Northeast prospect (NEP) shaft high grade gold placer: a feeder channel into the East Rand Black Reef basin. Extend. Abstr., Geocongress '86, Geol. Soc. S. Afr., pp. 985-988.
    • (1986) Extend. Abstr., Geocongress '86 , pp. 985-988
    • Spellman, R.L.1
  • 53
    • 49549142956 scopus 로고
    • Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model
    • Stacey, J.S. and Kramers, J.D., 1975. Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 26: 207-221.
    • (1975) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 207-221
    • Stacey, J.S.1    Kramers, J.D.2
  • 54
    • 33750724922 scopus 로고
    • Subcommission on geochronology: Convention of the use of decay constants in geo-and cosmochronology
    • Steiger, R.H. and Jäger, E., 1977. Subcommission on Geochronology: Convention of the use of decay constants in geo-and cosmochronology. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 36: 359-362.
    • (1977) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.36 , pp. 359-362
    • Steiger, R.H.1    Jäger, E.2
  • 55
    • 0041672323 scopus 로고
    • Gold, carbon, pyrite, and other sulphides in the Black Reef
    • Sweigers, J.U., 1939. Gold, carbon, pyrite, and other sulphides in the Black Reef. Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., 42: 35-45.
    • (1939) Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. , vol.42 , pp. 35-45
    • Sweigers, J.U.1
  • 56
    • 0022846880 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the transition to an oxygen-rich atmosphere in the Rooiberg Group, South Africa - A note
    • Twist, D. and Cheney, E.S., 1986. Evidence for the transition to an oxygen-rich atmosphere in the Rooiberg Group, South Africa - a note. Precambrian Res., 33: 255-264.
    • (1986) Precambrian Res. , vol.33 , pp. 255-264
    • Twist, D.1    Cheney, E.S.2
  • 57
    • 0014888498 scopus 로고
    • Some thoughts on the origin and processes responsible for the concentration of gold in the early Precambrian of southern Africa
    • Viljoen, R.P., Saager, R. and Viljoen, M.J., 1970. Some thoughts on the origin and processes responsible for the concentration of gold in the early Precambrian of southern Africa. Miner. Deposita, 5: 164-180.
    • (1970) Miner. Deposita , vol.5 , pp. 164-180
    • Viljoen, R.P.1    Saager, R.2    Viljoen, M.J.3
  • 58
    • 0025227354 scopus 로고
    • A chronostratigraphic framework for the north-central Kaapvaal craton, the Bushveld Complex and the Vredefort structure
    • Walraven, F., Armstrong, R.A. and Kruger, F.J., 1990. A chronostratigraphic framework for the north-central Kaapvaal craton, the Bushveld Complex and the Vredefort structure. Tectonophysics, 171: 23-48.
    • (1990) Tectonophysics , vol.171 , pp. 23-48
    • Walraven, F.1    Armstrong, R.A.2    Kruger, F.J.3
  • 59
    • 0004094537 scopus 로고
    • Springer, Berlin, Sect. 29-G-1
    • Wedepohl, K.H. (Editor), 1974. Handbook of Geochemistry. Springer, Berlin, Vol. II-3, Sect. 29-G-1.
    • (1974) Handbook of Geochemistry , vol.II-3
    • Wedepohl, K.H.1
  • 60
    • 0042173005 scopus 로고
    • Zinc-rich chromites from the early Proterozoic conglomerates at the Tarkwa gold mine, Ghana
    • P. Fenoll Hach-Ali, J. Torres-Ruiz and F. Gervilla (Editors), Current Research in Geology Applied to Ore Deposits. Granada
    • Weiser, T. and Hirdes, W., 1993. Zinc-rich chromites from the early Proterozoic conglomerates at the Tarkwa gold mine, Ghana. In: P. Fenoll Hach-Ali, J. Torres-Ruiz and F. Gervilla (Editors), Current Research in Geology Applied to Ore Deposits. Proc. 2nd Biennial Soc. Geol. Am. Meet., Granada, pp. 269-272.
    • (1993) Proc. 2nd Biennial Soc. Geol. Am. Meet. , pp. 269-272
    • Weiser, T.1    Hirdes, W.2
  • 61
    • 84891383818 scopus 로고
    • Conceptual models in geology
    • K.H. Wolf (Editor), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Wolf, K.H., 1976. Conceptual models in geology. In: K.H. Wolf (Editor), Handbook of Strata-bound and Stratiform Ore Deposits, Vol. 1. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 11-78.
    • (1976) Handbook of Strata-bound and Stratiform Ore Deposits , vol.1 , pp. 11-78
    • Wolf, K.H.1
  • 62
    • 0021565078 scopus 로고
    • Sedimentary and diagenetic features in the sulfide-bearing sedimentary dikes and strata of lower Ordovician dolomites, Decaturville, Missouri, U.S.A.
    • A. Wauschkuhn, C. Kluth and R.A. Zimmermann (Editors), Springer, Heidelberg
    • Zimmermann, R.A. and Spreng, A.C., 1984. Sedimentary and diagenetic features in the sulfide-bearing sedimentary dikes and strata of Lower Ordovician dolomites, Decaturville, Missouri, U.S.A. In: A. Wauschkuhn, C. Kluth and R.A. Zimmermann (Editors), Syngenesis and Epigenesis in the Formation of Mineral Deposits. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 350-372.
    • (1984) Syngenesis and Epigenesis in the Formation of Mineral Deposits , pp. 350-372
    • Zimmermann, R.A.1    Spreng, A.C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.