The effect of partial replacement of grass silage with fresh grass on rumen fermentation characteristics and rumen outflow rates in cattle

Grass and Forage Science

Volumn 51, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 32-41

  Mckee, C A ^b   Cushnahan, A ^a   Mayne, C S ^a   Unsworth, E F ^c,d  

^a AGRI FOOD AND BIOSCIENCES INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^b Harbro Farm Sales Ltd   (United Kingdom)

^c Dept of Agric for Northern Ireland ^*  (Ireland)

^d QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030441434     PISSN: 01425242     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1996.tb02035.x     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. AFRC (1992) AFRC Technical Committee on responses to nutrients. Report No. 9. Nutritive requirements of ruminant animals: protein. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, Series B, Livestock Feeds and Feeding, 62, 787-835.
2. AFRC (1993) Energy and Protein Requirements of Ruminants. An advisory manual prepared by the AFRC Technical Committee on responses to nutrients. Wallingford, UK. CAB International.
3. ASTON K., THOMAS C., DALEY S.R., SUTTON J.D. and DHANOA M.S. (1994) Milk production from grass silage diets : effects of silage characteristics and the amount of supplementary concentrate. Animal Production, 59, 31-41.
4. BAKER R.D. and GIBB M.J. (1995) The performance and changes in body composition of steers offered cut grass or grazing following three patterns of nutrition in winter. Animal Science, 60, 419-427.
5. BYRNE E. and POWER R. (1974) Determination of ammonia nitrogen in animal slurries by ammonia electrode. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 5, 51.
6. CHAMBERLAIN D.G., THOMAS P.C., WILSON W.D., NEWBOLD C.J. and MACDONALD J.C. (1985) The effects of carbohydrate supplementation on ruminal concentrations of ammonia in animals given diets of grass silage. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 104, 331-340.
7. CHAMBERLAIN D.G., ROBERTSON S. and CHOUNG J.J. (1993) Sugars versus starch as supplements to grass silage : effects on ruminal fermentation and the supply of microbial protein to the small intestine, estimated from the urinary excretion of purine derivatives in sheep. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 63, 189-194.
8. CLANCY M.J. and WILSON R.K. (1966) Development and application of a new chemical method for predicting the digestibility and intake of herbage samples. Proceedings of the X International Grassland Congress, Helsinki, pp. 445-453.
9. CUSHNAHAN A. and GORDON F.J. (1995) The effects of grass preservation on intake, apparent digestibility and rumen degradation characteristics. Animal Science, 60, 429-438.
10. CUSHNAHAN A. and MAYNE C.S. (1995) Effects of ensilage of grass on performance and nutrient utilization by dairy cattle. 1. Food intake and milk production. Animal Science, 60, 337-345.
11. DERIAZ R.E. (1961) Routine analysis of carbohydrate and lignin in herbage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 12, 152-160.
12. DEWAR W.A. and MCDONALD P. (1961) Determination of dry matter in silage by distillation with toluene. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 27, 536-544.
13. FAICHNEY G.J. (1975) The use of markers to partition digestion within the gastro-intestinal tract of ruminants. In: McDonald J.W. and Warner A.C.J. (eds), Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant, pp. 277-291. Sydney: The University of New England Publishing Unit.
14. FUJITA H. (1978) Effect of different carbohydrates on the rumen fermentation and nitrogen utilization in silage-fed ruminants. Japanese Journal of Zootechnical Science, 49, 40-46.
15. HARRISON D.G., BEEVER D.E., THOMSON D.J. and OSBOURN D.F. (1975) Manipulation of rumen fermentation in sheep by increasing the rate of flow of water from the rumen. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 85, 93-101.
16. HARRISON D.G., BEEVER D.E., THOMSON D.J. and OSBOURN D.F. (1976) Manipulation of fermentation in the rumen. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 27, 617-620.
17. HODGSON J.C. and THOMSON P.C. (1975) A relationship between the molar proportion of propionic acid and the clearance rate of the liquid phase in the rumen of the sheep. British Journal of Nutrition, 33, 447-456.
18. KAISER A.G., OSBOURN D.F. and ENGLAND P. (1983) Intake, digestion and nitrogen retention by calves given ryegrass silages: influence of formaldehyde treatment and supplementation with maize starch or maize starch and urea. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 100, 63-74.
19. KHALILI H. and HUHTANEN P. (1991) Sucrose supplements in cattle given grass silage-based diet. 1. Digestion of organic matter and nitrogen. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 33, 247-261.
20. MARTIN P.A., CHAMBERLAIN D.G., ROBERTSON S. and HIRST D. (1994) Rumen fermentation patterns in sheep receiving silages of different chemical composition supplemented with concentrates rich in starch or in digestible fibre. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 122, 145-150.
21. MAYNE C.S. and LAIDLAW A.S. (1995) Extending the grazing season - a research review. In: Extending the Grazing Season - Making the Most of the Cheapest Feed. Discussion Meeting of the British Grassland Society. Reaseheath College, Nantwich, Cheshire.
22. MEHREZ A.Z. and ØRSKOV E.R. (1977) A study of the artificial fibre bag technique for determining the digestibility of feeds in the rumen. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 88, 645-650.
23. ØRSKOV E.R. and MCDONALD I. (1979) The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 90, 499-503.
24. ØRSKOV E.R., HUGHES-JONES M. and MCDONALD I. (1981) Degradability of protein supplements and utilization of undegraded protein by high producing dairy cows. In: Haresign W. (ed.) Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. pp. 85-98, London: Butterworth.
25. PARKER D.S., LOMAX M.A., SEAL C.J. and WILTON J.C. (1995) Metabolic implications of ammonia production in the ruminant. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 54, 549-563.
26. PLAYNE M.J. and MCDONALD P. (1966) The buffering constituents of herbage and of silage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 17, 264-268.
27. POOTS R.E. (1991) The effect of supplementary dietary protein on rumen fermentation, energy metabolism and n-tau-methylhistidine excretion in lactating dairy cows. PhD Thesis, Queen's University of Belfast.
28. POOTS R.E., CARSON M.J. and KENNEDY S.J. (1992) The effect of Maxgrass silage additive and level of concentrate supplementation on silage intake, animal performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef cattle. Animal Production, 54, 488-489.
29. PORTER M.G. (1992) Comparison of sample preparation methods for the determination of the gross energy concentration of fresh silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 37, 201-208.
30. SIDDONS R.C., PARADINE J., BEEVER D.E. and CORNELL P.R. (1985) Ytterbium acetate as a particulate-phase digesta-flow marker. British Journal of Nutrition, 54, 509-519.
31. SUTTON J.D. (1968) The fermentation of soluble carbohydrates in rumen contents of cows fed diets containing a large proportion of hay. British Journal of Nutrition, 22, 689-712.
32. SUTTON J.D., BROSTER W.H., SCHULLER E., NAPPER D.J., BROSTER V.J. and BINES J.A. (1988) Influence of plane of nutrition and diet composition on rumen fermentation and energy utilization by dairy cows. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 110, 261-270.
33. THOMAS C. and THOMAS P.C. (1985) Factors affecting the nutritive value of grass silages. In: Haresign W. and Cole D.J.A. (eds.) Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. pp. 223-256, London: Butterworths.
34. THOMAS C., GIBBS B.G., BEEVER D.E. and THURNHAM B.R. (1988) The effect of date of cut and barley substitution on gain and on the efficiency of utilization of grass silage by growing cattle. 1. Gains in live weight and its components. British Journal of Nutrition, 60, 297-306.
35. THOMAS P.C. and CHAMBERLAIN D.G. (1982) The utilization of silage nitrogen. In: T.W. Griffiths and M.F. Maguire (eds.) Forage Protein Conservation and Utilization, pp. 121-145. Commission of the European Communities Seminar held in Dublin, 15-18 September 1982.
36. UDEN P., COLUCCI P.E. and VAN SOEST P.J. (1980) Investigation of chromium, cerium and cobalt as markers in digesta. Rate of passage studies. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 31, 625-632.
37. VAN SOEST P.J. (1976) Laboratory methods for evaluating energy value of feedstuffs. In: H. Swan and D. Lewis (eds.), Feed and Energy Sources for Livestock, pp. 276-285 London: Butterworths.